366 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ May S, 1888. 
E03E SHOWS IN 18S8, 
June 2()th.—Boston. 
„ 28th. —Brockham and Kyde. 
,, 30th.—Eltham and Eeigate. 
July 3rd.—Bagshot, Canterbury, Diss, and Hereford. 
„ 4th.—Croydon, Farnham, Hitchin, and Richmond. 
„ 5th.—Bath, Farningham, and Norwich. 
„ Cth.—Sutton. 
„ 7th.—Crystal Palace (National Rose Society). 
„ 10th.—Gloucester, Ipswich and Oxford. 
„ 11th.—Ealing and Tunbridge Wells. 
„ 12th.—Birmingham, Carlton-in-Worksop, and Winchester. 
„ 14th.—New Brighton. 
„ 16th.—Newcastle-under-Lyne. 
„ 17th.—Leek and Ulverstone. 
,, 18th.—Birkenhead. 
„ 19th.—Helensburgh. 
„ 20th.—Darlington (National Rose Society). 
„ 21st.—Manchester. 
„ 24th.—Tibshelf. 
In the above list the only exhibitions not held by the National Rose 
Society, or by Societies in affiliation wnth it, are those at Birmingham, 
Boston, Carlton-in-Worksop, JIanchester, Newcastle-under-Lyne, and 
Richmond. In the case of Birmingham and Boston, where the shows 
extend over two days, the date of the first day’s exhibition only is 
given,— Edwaed Mawley, Boselanlt, Berliliavisted, Herts. 
EOSE3 FROM CUTTINGS. 
That Roses from cuttings succeed admirably admits of no doult 
■whatever. A goodly number of plants can soon be raised by propagat¬ 
ing them at the various times when cuttings are most easily obtained. 
One of the periods when a sure strike can be depended upon is the 
present, as after the forced plants have flowered and the wood has 
become partly ripened, two cuttings can be taken from each well grown 
shoot without injuring the plant. Shoots cut so that two joints aie 
above and one joint below the soil when inserted are all that are 
necessary. Cut the bottom leaf off the cuttings, place about five cut¬ 
ting in one 3^-inch pot-pressing the soil firmly, which should be com¬ 
posed of two parts loam to one of leaf soil, with a free admixture of 
sharp sand, placing some of the latter on the surface to be carried down 
to the bottom of the hole made to receive the cutting with a dibber, as 
roots arc more quickly formed in sand than soil. If the soil in the pots 
is watered previous to the insertion of the cuttings the work can be 
done much more firmly and the cuttings stand a much better chance of 
striking than when they are inserted in loose dry soil. In either case 
water should be given to settle all firmly down. Place the pots in a 
gentle bottom heat in either a hotbed or propagating frame, where the 
cutting can be kept close with the exception of the admission of the air 
occasionally to evaporate condensed moisture. Upon no account should 
the foliage be allowed to flag, therefore shade when necessary, and 
occasionally sprinkle the leaves with water. Roots will quickly form, 
when the plants must be removed to a warm house for a time, giving 
them a position near to the glass to prevent their being drawn during 
the growth. Place them singly into small pots, using a similar kind of 
soil, returning them to their foj'mer quarters until established, when the 
plants should be gradually hardened, and either placed out into their 
permanent positions or be kept in pots for the remainder of the season. 
If the latter intention is to be adopted a shift into pots 4^ inches 
diameter will be an advantage, using soil with more loam and some 
partly decayed manure, plunging the pots in ashes for the remainder of 
the year.—S. 
CLIMBING ROSES. 
“ That variety is a point of primary importance in garden scenery 
will hardly be disputed, and in the Climbing Rose we have a distinct 
and interesting object. What can be more picturesque than .an Ayrshire 
or Evergreen Rose, scrambling up the stem of some old tree, which is 
probably bare of branches on the lower 10 feet or 12 feet of the trunk, 
although its lofty head is a fine feature on the outskirts of a lawn or 
shrubbery? Deftly and rapidly these Roses -wind .around the rugged 
trunk, pushing upwards till they reach the branches above, among which 
they entwine themselves, the clusters of flowers drooping gracefully, 
intermingling with leaves and branches, and moderating the glare of the 
skyey openings. 
“ Yon old wall or oak p.aling, solid as a fence, is not altogether sightly ; 
the inroads of time have set a mark upon the surface ; in the wall a soft 
brick is crumbling in decay, on the fence are thick patches of mosses 
and lichens. We would not in many cases entirely hide these fences, 
but there is too much of them exposed to view. We would bresik the 
continuous blank lines and spaces, and what more suitable for the 
purpose than Climbing Roses ? 
“Ag.ain, the arches at the crossing of w.alks may be .appropriately 
clothed with these facile plants, and they are equally well adapted for 
trailing over arcades, arbours, and rustic temples. 
“For the above purposes the Ayrshire, Evergreen, and Multiflora 
Roses are the best. They grow vigorously when well fed, often making 
shoots 10 feet or 12 feet long in one season. They are very h.ardy, and 
when fairly established flower most abundantly. For low fences the 
Hybrid China, Hybrid Bourbon, and the strongest-growing Hybrid 
Perpetu.als may be used ; and if a wall with a south, east, or west aspect 
is bare and unsightly, whether high or ffiw, some few of the Noisette 
and Tea-scented are the best kinds that can be planted against it. 
“ When planting against fences, whether walls or palings, it is well 
to nail the principal shoots to the fence immediately after pruning. 
Where subject to strong -winds, and if the growth has been very vigorous 
during summer, it may be well to stick in a nail here and there during 
and after the season of flowering. For this purpose nails and shreds 
should alw.ays lie ready at hand. The Banksian Rose, which is one of 
the most interesting and beautiful of Climbing Roses, requires speckal 
treatment. It is common to hear it said, ‘ This Rose grows freely 
enough, but seldom flowers well.’ Now, this is usu.ally due to the 
system of pruning. Very little pruning is necessary here. The gross 
shoots, if any, should be pinched or stopped in the growing season, and 
the thin, weak, wiry shoots should be removed early in the spring. The 
aim should be to obtain and preserve a goodly number of moderate¬ 
sized well-ripened shoots, and these should be pruned sparingly, for it is 
such, and such only, which produce flowers.”— William Paul (in 
Roses ami Rose Culture'). 
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Apeil 24th. 
Scientific Committee. —Present: Dr. M. T. Masters, in the chair ; 
Messrs. Michael, O’Brien, Pascoe, Burbidge, Dr. Scott, Professor Church, 
and Rev. G. Henslow (Hon. Sec.). 
Raffodil, Fringed. —Mr. Burbidge gave the following further par¬ 
ticulars about the remarkable form described at the last meeting. He 
said that there existed but a single clump in the lawn of Rev. Mr. 
Gabbett, Croom Rectory, by Limerick. The flowers had come true for 
several years. It was associated with N. spurius and N. Telemonius 
(plenus), the former seeding itself. It appears to be a sport from 
N. spurius, but nothing cert.ain is known of its actual origin. 
Ilyacinths, Self-Mutilation of. —Specimens of this not uncommon 
phenomenon were sent from Colonel Urquhart, of Rosebay, Broughty 
Ferry, for information as to the cause. The spikes Rave the appeariince 
of being pinched off when first emerging from the bulb. The cause is 
apparently twofold ; on the one hand, the bud-scales at the top are too 
rigid, while on the other the spike was well nourished, the result being 
that the insufficient expansion of the scales checked the development of 
the spike at the place wffiere it becomes decapitated. The probable 
explanation was the exceedingly fine season of 1887, the “ripening off ” 
bringing about the rigidity of the bulb scales, at the same time favour¬ 
ing the form.ation of the spike within. Mr. Burbidge observed that it is 
a noticeable fact that the Chinese gash their bulbs with three slits at 
the top, to allow of the free escape of the spike, and to prevent such 
constrictions. 
Hazel Cathins, Proliferous. —On a further examination of the Hazel 
brought to the last meeting by Dr. Masters from Mr. Syme, Mr. Henslow 
observed that, besides bearing female catkins at the base of the male, 
the latter were proliferous, the basal branches being covered with 
staminate flowers resembling the so-called “ Egyptian Wheat,” a variety 
of Rivett’s, on which several of the spikelets grow out into ears ; so that 
five or more may proceed from one stalk. These two peculiarities— 
the proliferous skate of the male catkins and the presence of female 
ones—corroborated the conclusion arrived at by Mr. Meehan of Phila¬ 
delphia, who observed in various declinous trees, that the female flowers 
■were always associated with a relatively greater degree of vigour ; or 
conversely, that an increased vigour produced female flowers, when 
normally nothing but male 'W'ould have appeared. 
Fuealyptus, Hardiness of. —Dr. Masters received a communication 
from M. Naudin, in -^vhich he speaks of the hardiness of E. urnigera at 
Brest and elsewhere, where it is subject to occasional severe frosts. He 
says that E. coccifera will compare favourably with it, as also E. vimi- 
nalis (falsely called E. amygdalina) -which is nearly as hardy. The last 
severe winter has shown the different degrees of hardiness among the 
various species of Eucalyptus. He says that a considerable number, 
even of very young trees, were absolutely insensible to the frost, while 
others, much larger and older, have hfid their foliage scant or less 
damaged. Even E. globulus, usually so hardy, has had some of its 
leaves frozen, principally through the melting of the snow by the sun’s 
heat. Mr. Burbidge remarked on the general presence of bloom or wax 
on the young leaves, and its absence on the older—probably a provision 
against too great transpiration in the young state. Mr. Henslow offered 
a°similar interpretation of the scimitar-form of the older leaves to that 
of the obliquity of Pears and Fir cones. When the stalk stands at an 
angle with the vertical, the weight of the leaf acting vertically down- 
wal-ds, the tension being along the st<alk, the leaf consequently grows 
much more on the outer side to meet the strain of the resultant of these 
two forces—the vertical position, as of th.at of the stipules of Acacia, 
being probably adaptations to avoid too great r.adiation in the dry 
climate of Australia. 
Plants EHiihited. —Anemone Fanninii, from South Africa, a large 
plant, -with lobed orbicular hairy leaves and large greenish-white flowers. 
Befaria glauca, from Colombia, and called the Andean Rhododendron ; 
1 the flowers are pink, nearly regular, with seven petals and fourteen 
