May 3, 1688 J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
373 
can remove some of the surface soil from the roots, a Iding fresh loam 
and manure, making it firm, and surfacing thickly with rich manure, 
the dressing will be of great benefit; but without it the tree may be 
invigorated by pruning on the lines suggested, and giving an adequate 
supply of manure to the roots. 
Manure for Fruit Trees (^1. S., New Zealand ').—While you ap- 
jiear to be quite aware that Toomson’s, Jensen’s, and other advertised 
fertilisers for Vines are also good for fruit trees, you are in the unfortu¬ 
nate position of not being able to obtain them in your colony, and ask 
for some ingredients you can obtain and mix for your purpose. Super¬ 
phosphate of lime can be had in most agricultural districts, and is good 
for fruit trees, applied at the rate of a quarter of a pound to the square yard, 
or less if the trees are making fairly good growth. Bonemeal and 
chloride of potash, about twice the quantity of the former, applied at 
about the rate mentioned, form an excellent mixture ; and if the trees 
do not grow fast enough it may be supplemented with a dressing of 
somewhat less than half the above quantity of sulphate of ammonia ; 
but forcing very luxuriant growth of trees when young is not highly 
desirable, though the wood may perhaps ripen better with you than in 
England. What is wanted is free yet short-jointed wood, gradually 
solidified as the growth extends, for the formation of strong yet fruitful 
trees. The mineral ingredients should be applied when the earth is 
moist, or say three months before the trees start into growth, the ammo- 
niacal for such trees that need it (and all will not be alike) a month 
or two later ; but the earth should be still moist, as, if it is dry, and 
continues so for a considerable time after chemical fertilisers are applied, 
they remain comparatively inert. Wany persons are in the habit of 
applying them too late in the spring in this country, then if the summer 
l)rove dry, good results are not apparent, and the manures are con¬ 
demned without a fair trial. The finer bonemeal is ground the quicker 
it acts, coarser particles, or crushed bones, being slower in action but 
more lasting in effect. With a labour wage rate of .5s. per day of eight 
hours, cleaning many acres of land must be costly ; still, if weeds are 
unchecked they will deprive the trees of much of the soil’s fertility, and 
have their share of the manure supplied, A covering of long grass, as 
you suggest, placed round the trees as far as the roots extend, would, if 
thick and dense enough to exclude light, and placed in position soon 
enough, have a tendency to suppress the growth of weeds, and would at 
t he same time act beneficially in arresting evaporation, and thus secur¬ 
ing more uniform moisture in the earth for the support of the trees. We 
think the plan worth trying under the circumstances, and the mulching 
cannot be applied too early in the spring. Both for the purpose of 
mulching and manuring you may calculate that the roots will extend 
somewhat beyond the spread of the branches, and material will be wasted 
by applying it close round the stems alone, ilr. Pettigrew finds the 
Gammy Noir the best Grape for vineyard purposes in South Wales. He 
])rocured his stock from France, the variety, so far as we know, not being 
grown for sale by British nurserymen. We shall be glad to see the fruit 
you hope to send us some day, and are pleased to hear that the Journal 
is a welcome guest and serviceable in New Zealand, where we have 
several subscribers. We shall have pleasure if we are able to give you 
and other colonials useful hints at any time, and like to feel we have a 
link with friends of kindred tastes and engaged in a common work in 
the “ Greater Britain beyond the seas.” 
TTames of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plantsi 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
C-V. C.). —It is a variety of Rosa polyantha. (.R. 0.). —1, Adiantum 
scutum ; 2, Aralia gracillima ; 3, Reidia glaucescens ; 4, Pteris serrulata 
cristata ; 5, Pteris umbrosa. (^. B.). —1, A very poor specimen, but it 
re.sembles Grevillea Thelemanniana ; 2, Polygala Dalmaisiana. (IF. IF). 
—Euonymus japonicus. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— May 2>,-d. 
MA.RKET well supplied with a steady business doing. Little or no alteration in 
s. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
B. 
a. 
B. 
d 
Apple?, 4 sieve., .. 
2 
6 
to 4 
6 
Oranges, per 100 ,. 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen . • • • 
18 
0 
80 
0 
Canada barrel 10 
0 
18 
0 
Pears, dozen •• •• 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Cobs, 100 lbs. 
46 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Fines, each 
S 
0 
6 
0 
(Irspes, per lb. 
3 
6 
6 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
I'^tmons, case .. .. 
10 
0 
16 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
fl. 
d. 
Artiehokee*) dozen •• 
1 
0 
to 2 
0 
Lettuce, dozen •• 
0 
9 to 
1 
3 
Asparagus, bundle.. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
• • 
0 
6 
1 
0 
naans, Kidney, per lb. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
nset,Red, dozen .. 
1 
0 
s 
0 
Onions, buneb.. .. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
lirussels SproutiT, 4 sieve 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. 
• • 
1 
0 
0 
0 
U.ibbage, dozen •• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt... 
• • 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Oapsicump, per 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Oarrote, bunch •• 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. 
«• 
0 
2 
0 
0 
OauUflowers, dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle •• 
• • 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Oelervi bundle • • 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle 
• • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Oolewort?, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale, basket .. 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Oucumbers, each • • 
0 
4 
0 
7 
Shallot?, per tb. •• 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen • • • • 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
HerOF, bunch •• •• 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoc«, f er lb. .. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Leekf.binch .. .. 
0 
6 
0 
4 
Turnips, bum h 
.. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
6. 
a. 
B. d. 
8. 
d. 
B, 
if. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
e 
0tol2 0 
Foliage Plants, var..each 
2 
OtolO 
«• 
Arborvitaefgolden) dozen 12 
0 
24 0 
Fnebsia. dozen pots 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Aram Lilies, dozen.. .. 
6 
0 
12 0 
Genista, per dozen •• 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Azalea, dozen .• •• •• 
12 
0 
21 0 
Heliotrope, dozen pots 
6 
0 
9 
q 
Cineraria, dozen • • «• 
6 
0 
10 0 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
18 
()• 
Oyclamen, dozen ,. .. 
12 
0 
18 0 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
18 
0 
24 
0 
Dieljtra, per dozen 
12 
0 
18 0 
Lilinm doz. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Dcutzia, per dozen 
6 
0 
9 0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Draceena terminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 0 
Musk, dozen pots .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
„ viridis, dozen.. 
12 
0 
24 0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
8 
0 
12 
u 
Erica, various, dozen •• 
9 
0 
18 0 
Naroiss, per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
» 
„ ventricosa .. .. 
18 
0 
24 0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
O' 
Eaonymus, in var«,dozen 
6 
0 
18 0 
Pelargoniums, dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
O’ 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
8 
0 
24 0 
,, scarlet, doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 0 
Folnsettia, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastica, each 
1 
6 
7 0 
Spirca japoiiica, doz. • • 
6 
9 
12 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
8a 
d. 
B d. 
8. 
d. 
1. 
d. 
Abntilons, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 to 4 0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 
Anenome (Pulgens), 12 
sprays .. • 
0 
8 to 1 
& 
bunches 
3 
0 
6 0 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
a 
Anemones (French), 12 
Naroiss,white (French) 12 
bunches 
1 
6 
4 0 
bunches . 
0 
0 
0 
Q- 
Aram Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 0 
Narciss, various, 12 bchs 
8 
0 
6 
O’ 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. 
0 
6 
1 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trasses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch . • •• 
0 
6 
1 0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
6- 
camellias, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 0 
Primroses, 12 bunches .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Ournations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 0 
„ (double), bnnoh .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Daffodils, Double, 12 bchs 
2 
0 
4 0 
„ (indoor), dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
„ Single, 12 bebs 
1 
0 
3 0 
„ Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
e 
Daisies, 12 bnnehes 
2 
0 
4 0 
red, dozen (French) 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Epipbylium, 12 blooms .. 
0 
0 
0 0 
„ yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Encharis. dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
6 0 
Spirtea, bunch. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 0 
Stepbanotis, 12 sprays .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Hyacinths, French, 12 
Tropaeolum, 12 bunches 
1 
6 
2 
0 
bnnobes .« 
1 
0 
2 0 
Tuberosesi 12 blooms •• 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lapageria, coloured, 12 
Tulips, dozen blooms •• 
0 
6 
1 
0 
blooms. 
1 
0 
1 6 
Violets, 12 bnnehes.. .. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Lilium longiSoTum, 12 
„ (French), bunch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
blooms. 
3 
0 
6 0 
„ (Parme), bunch 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Marguerites) 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 0 
1 White Lilac, per bunch .. 
6 
0 
6 
6 
HELPS TO SUCCESS. 
At its monthly meeting on the 14th ult., the Canterbury 
Farmers’ Club listened to a very important paper by Mr. E. 
Tallerman, on the practical measures necessary to be taken to 
insure a more profitable realisation from fruit. Owners of English 
orchards and fruit plantations do not at present make the best of 
their crops. An assertion was made at this meeting that in Kent 
the year before last thousands of tons of fruit were actually wasted 
owing to the low price in the metropolis not being sufficient to’ 
meet the heavy demands made by the railway companies for 
freightage. The same result happened that year in the Plum 
districts of Pershore and Evesham, and grievous lamentations 
were made, not only by sufferers, but by all who witnessed the 
immense waste, and it was pointed out at the time that such would 
not have been the case on the Continent, where the surplus Plums 
would have been dried and packed in boxes for future marketing, 
and the Cherries and other fruits have been either converted ta 
jam, or subjected to an equally practical process of preservation 
The object of the paper read was to show the Kent farmers the 
necessity of combining together for the establishment of refri¬ 
gerating and evaporating establishments for the preservation of 
fruit, which, having been once provided, the market need never be 
glutted by over-abundant supplies. By thoroughly working the 
co-operative principle their fruits could be applied to a great many 
different purposes, as is at present done in America. Not only 
was the improved fruit marketing of the Enited States fully 
described, but also the tasteful and tempting methods by which 
fresh fruits are made up in baskets in France, although even in 
that country large quantities are boiled in sugar and converted to 
crystaUised dessert fruits of various kinds. The drying process of 
the Spaniards, Turks, and Greeks were also detailed, and it was 
pointed out that the courses pursued by foreign fruit powers could 
be all the more advantageously adopted in Kent, as it was within 
easy reach of so many large centres of population. Mr. Talleimaa 
