May 17, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
401 
petition of the present day requires a well constitutioned body and 
mind, unflagging industry, and something more than money interest 
in the work. Success comes to a few without an etfort, or as the 
product of others’ labour, but the most substantial commercial 
prosperity is seen in such establishments as Mr. Walker’s, the 
result of independent intelligent perseverance.—L. Castle. 
SUCCESSFUL ROSE GROWING-. 
Our Journal is always interesting, last week more so than usual, 
because it contains a record of the above—that is to say, an attempt to 
•grow Tea Roses, ending, after a slight struggle, in a resolution to discard 
most of them, and to grow Mar4chal Niel only, and that on standard 
Briars. Well, this is success with a vengeance, not the sort of success I 
■should care about; in my opinion it looks too much like failure. 
Here we have several competent growers putting their heads together 
to examine the soil, which, by-the-by, is just about twice too deep. The 
Roses were on the Manetti stock, and, “ strange to say,” they refused to 
do any good. It would have been much more strange if they had grown 
4md done well. The idea of anybody attempting to plant out Tea Roses 
■on the Manetti stock and expecting them to do anything but fail, is 
amusing. The idea of competent men not knowing that the stock was 
in fault is equally so. We are told that Marechai Niels are now grow¬ 
ing and blooming well. These will continue in flower for a few weeks, 
^nd then—fhere will be about eleven months to wait for more blooms. 
No, I should not care for this, there is too much waiting and too little 
Tesult. I want to see a few other Roses. I want blooms about six 
•months out of the twelve. I want Niphetos, and Catherine Mcrmet, 
Etoile de Lyon, Sunset, The Bride, and ever so many others. I do not 
wish to disparage Marechai Niel; but wait, “ I say, look here, what’s 
•this big lump, this swelling 1 and see, there’s one here too. Why, hang it, 
there’s one on all of them.” Enter the competent man—“ Ah I that’s 
^canker, no cure, they will all have to come out.’’ Out they come,- and 
then—what next ?— D. Gilmoue, jun. 
ROSES IN WINTER. 
To meet the wishes of some correspondents it will be necessary to 
-add to the details already given to render any structure which may be 
■erected or devoted to the purpose suitable to meet the more lengthened 
■supply of blooms that may be desired. When the supply is lengthened 
into March and April a greater number of varieties may with advantage 
be grown, and the useful and beautiful Hybrid Perpetuals cannot be 
-excluded from the list at that period. The structure must be so arranged 
that they can lx; accommodated during the flowering period, or even while 
they approach that stage. A hou.se entirely laid out with beds on the 
side as well as the centre Is not altogether suitable for the purpose. 
It would be better to have the house in two or even three divisions. 
.'Small houses may be objected to, but they are decidedly the most suit¬ 
able for supplying flowers in succe.ssion during the winter and spring 
months, for then each portion can be treated according to the varieties 
in it and the purpose for which they are intendeil. When numbers of 
varieties are planted in one good sized house the whole of the plants are 
•excited into growth when many of them would be better resting, the 
Tew flowers they would yield during the early months of the year would 
■not give satisfaction. When the season has fairly advanced they will 
not flower so freely or grow so strongly as they otherwise would have 
done had they not been started into growth too early. 
The first portion of the house cau be planted, as recently detaileJ, 
■with Safrano and Isabella Sprunt for flowering during December and 
January, with the old Gloire de Dijon trained under the rafters of the 
roof. No variety for the roof is better for that period, for whenever it 
is started into growth it is certain to flower. If the house is in any way 
lofty, say 8 or 9 feet from the floor to the ridge, an arched trellis 
should be formed over the central bed to which the Roses can be trained 
so as to bring them nearer the glass. If the house w.as constructed 
specially for the production of blooms for market it would be much 
lower, and no such trellis would be erected, the bush system would be 
adopted, and strong shoots trained as horizontally as possible to induce 
them to break strongly from the base when the necessary pruning was 
done. 
The second porti-on of the structure if growing for market would be 
.•entirely planted with Niphetos on the same principle as the first 
. division, with Lamarque, Reine Marie Henriette, and William Allen 
Richardson under the rafters if I wanted variety; if not I .should train 
Niphetos up that position, or plant it alternately with Perle de Lyon. 
If either of these was employed the others would be planted at the 
walk edge of the side beds, and cut away as the slower growing two 
•occupied the space. These would be started to commence flowering at 
the end of February, and with good treatment would continue yielding 
■ flowers until they were plentiful outside. The earlier division would 
• also do this. If this division was arranged for the supply of a private 
establishment the side beds would be narrow, wide enough only to 
support those trained under the rafters. A stage to the front of slates 
resting on the second wall from the outside, and the front on angle 
irons supported with iron legs let into a stone to prevent their sinking. 
The stage should be covered with some moisture-holding material. 
On this Hybrid Perpetuals would be grown. To those named for the 
roof would be added Belle Lyonnaisc and Cbcshuut Hybrid. The 
centre bed only would be filled with Tea varieties, and these would 
include in addition to Niphetos, which would occupy about one-third 
of the space, Rubens, Madame Lambard, Innocente Pirola, Perle de 
Lyon, President, Souvenir d’un Ami, Madame Falcot, Souvenir de- 
Madame Peruet, Madame Angele Jacquier, and Marie Van Houtte. I 
am not sure whether Sunset -will not supersede Sladame Falcot. The 
Bride might also be tried in this division ; it promises well, but it is yet 
too early for me to form a just estimate of its constitution. 
If arranging a house for market purposes I should have no third 
division unless there 'were no other place for Marechai Niel. If possible 
devote the whole roof of a house to this Rose ; otherwise have a third 
division for this variety trained under the rafters ouly, with as much 
growth as allowed in that position between the rafter. This would 
permit a large amount of light to p(;netrate to those below. Now what 
would occupy the central portion of this division would depend upon 
the size of the other houses and the supply the second division would 
yield of Niphetos. If plenty of that, then this division would be 
exclusively devoted to the production of that old inhabitant of our 
gardens, G^n^ral Jacqueminot, which is without question the best and 
most satisfactory red Rose for the market that can be grown. For that 
purpose this variety is worth a house to itself, which if grown in pots 
would leave the house after it was turned out to be utilised for other 
purposes. If the alternative object was in view the variety named 
would cover the roof, side stages would be erected for Hybrid Perpetuals, 
and the centre again filled with Tea Roses. This time a more compre¬ 
hensive assortment would be selected—Grace Darling, Etendard de 
Jeanne d’Arc, Alba Rosea, Catherine Mermet, a good Rose but rather 
sh}^, Comtesse Riza du Parc, Duchess of Edinburgh, Jean Ducher, 
Madame Cusin, Madame Denis, Madame Hippolyte Jamain, Madame 
Willermoz, Princess of Wales, Souvenir d’Elise, and Souvenir de Madame 
Paul. The two first are practically new Roses, and both are valuable 
additions to the list of Teas. Both arc strong growers with full blooms, 
the first being a pleasing pink and the latter white. Grace Darling 
flowers very freely and opens its flowers well during the months of 
October and November ; the other produces buds freely at that period 
of the year, much after the style of the old and useful Souvenir de ia 
Malmaison, but they are too full to open freely during the autumn 
months. It has a tendency to come green at that time of the year, but 
woubi probably improve in this respect if subjected to heat. 
The following Hybrid Perpetuals may be grown for early forcing or 
for flowering during March and April, and all that are named may be 
relied upon as varieties that I have proved will do well in pots—General 
Jacqueminot, Louis Van Houtte, La France, Prince Camille do Rohan, 
Jules Margottin, Marie Baumann, Charles Lefebvre, Abel Grand, Magna 
Charta, John Hopper, Alfred Colomb, and the old Bourbon Souvenir 
de la Malmaison. In preference to growing the whole dozen I would 
rather grow the first six and the last; if a pink other than La France is 
neede<l, Abel Grand would be included. Magna Charta is one of ^ the 
earliest and freest flowering H.P.s that can be grown in pots, but it js 
scentless, and this is the reason it is not accorded a higher position in 
the list. Most of the H.P.s will do well in pots if brought forward 
under cool conditions to precede those grown outside, but some do betUr 
than others, and the following are reliable :—Baronne de Rothschild, 
Merveille de Lyon, Duke of Teek, Madame George Paul, Bessie Johnson, 
Camille Bernardin, Victor Verdier, La Duchesse de Morney, Docteur 
Andry, Fisher Holmes, Senateur Vaisse, anrl Coquette des Blanches. 
These are only given for the sake of variety, those named first are pre¬ 
ferable. 
The amount of piping needed for forcing Roses during the wint r 
months depends upon the size of the structure. Frequently a flow and 
return I-inch pipe will be ample, or it might have to be doubled. 
Sufficient should be arranged in each house so that an intermediate 
temperature can be maintained to keep the structure .05“ during severe 
weather without being compelled to have the pipes hot. Dry heat from 
pipes is decidedly objectionable for Roses.— Wm. Baedxby. 
(To he continued.) 
FACTS ABOUT GRAPES. 
FROZEN VINES. 
No amount of frost appears to injure the exposed stems when 
the Vines are in a dormant state, but should they becoine frozen 
■when the sap is liquified much harm may result. In this district 
last spring we experienced a series of exceptionally severe frosts, 
the thermometer falling on the night of M'arch 16th to within 3 of 
zero. As may readily be imagined such a severe frost so late in the 
season proved most injurious, but under glass all we found injured 
was a rod of Madresfield Court Grape. This was in full leaf, and 
the bunches on the point of flowering. Directly the sunshine 
reached it the bunches and leaves all drooped badly, yet, strange to 
relate, a second rod from the same stem was not affectei in the 
least by the frost. The roots of this Vine are entirely in an out¬ 
side border, this being well up to the woodwork of the front of the 
