June 7, 1888. J 
JOURXAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
479 
do not grow nearly so vigorously as when planted out. nor produce such 
large clusters of fruit. We have not seen JIusa Cavendish! better 
grown than by Mr. J. Ollerhead in Sir Henry Peek’s garden at Wimble¬ 
don House. Stout young plants, or rooted suckers about 2 feet high, 
were planted in the spring, and huge clusters of fruit were cut from 
them about Christmas. One of these, we think, weighed upwards of 
90 lbs. They were grown in very rough, rich, turfy loam, and we think 
had the advantage of slight bottom heat, while enormous quantities of 
tepid water were given during their growth. In August the stems were 
considerably more than 2 feet in circumference, the leaves magnificent, 
and the fruit clu.sters showing. The temperature of the house ranged 
from 75° at night to 90° in the day with sun in summer, aiid a moist 
genial atmosphere maintained. We have cut a cluster of fruit weighing 
30 lbs. from a plant in a tub 3 feet in diameter, sunk in a bed of 
leaves, in a temperature ranging from 0.5° at night to 85° with sun. In 
the winter, when the plants arc vc.sting, a temperature of 00° to 70° 
suffices. If you mix one part of dec.aycd manure and the same of le.af 
mould with five parts of good and very turfy loam, Mus.as will grovv 
freely in it if afforded adequate supplies of water and a temperature 
between 70° and 90° is m.aintaineil. 
Stopping' rig Shoots (.-1 Suhxrrihcr'). —Very vigorous growth is 
not a good indication of fruitfulness. Either the border is too large or 
it is composed of too light, rich, and open material. Eig trees are best 
with the roots confined to a somewhat small border conqjosed of good 
loam with a free admixture of calcareous and siliceous matter, sucth as 
old mortar rubbi.sh and road scrapings, any manure that may be needed 
being applied to the surface or in liquid form. Shoots th.at have reached 
the top of the house or trellis should be pinched 9 inches from the 
extremity, which will cause them to push fruit from the joints below, 
also on the young growths resulting, these Latter to be pinched at the 
fifth or sixth leaf. These extremity growths require to be cut out after 
they have fruited, or, if not fruited, they should be cut out so as to give 
[dace to those succeeding, thereby keeping up a succession of bearing 
wood throughout the trees. Rule shoots not required for laying in 
should be pinched at the fifth or sixth leaf so as to form spurs, which 
usually fruit freely, but they must not be trained in too abundantly, as 
it is very important that the wood be thoroughly exposed to light and 
air for its solidification, for on which its fruitfulness depends. With 
the trees in full leaf, the temperature should be kept at 00° to 05° at 
night, 70° to 75° by day, ventilating from 70°, and maintaining a tem¬ 
perature through the day from sun heat of 80° to 85°, closing between 
those degrees so as to raise it to 85° or 90°, having plenty of moisture in 
the house, which will be obtained by forcible syringing, so as to keep 
the leaves free from red spider. Thetop ventilators should be .slightly 
opened before nightfall, .so as to allow cf the pent-up moisture escaping. 
Infested Apple Trees (jf/novt Ileijx ).—The lo.aves arrived much 
dried and shrivelled and no insects could be detected. Have not some 
of the leaves been injured by petroleum ? This, when used, should 
always be ai)plied in the evening, soon enough for the trees to dry before 
night ; applied in the morning and hot sun following, the leaves are 
almost sure to be scorched. AVe suspect your trees have been attacked 
by the. sm.all Ermine moth, the caterpillars of which are highly destruc¬ 
tive to the leakage and blossom of Apple tree.s. Miss Ormerod, in her 
manual on injurious insects, s.ays;—“The female lays her eggs in 
roundish patches on the small twigs, and covers these .p.atches with a 
kind of strong gum, which is yellow at first, but gradually changes 
to a dark brown, so as not to be easily distinguishable from the 
brown twigs. The eggs may be found hatched by the beginning of 
October, but the caterpillars (which are then little yellow creatures with 
black heads, and only about half a line long) remain sheltered under 
the patch of gum during the winter, and do not come out till the leaves 
begin to unfold in spring. They then burrow into the young leaves and 
feed on the soft matter within, until they are strong enough, when they 
come out from their minings and thus make their appearance suddenly 
in large numbers where none have been noticeable before. When full 
fed each caterpillar spins a light cocoon in which it changes to the 
chrysalis inside the general web. The moths, which comes out towards 
the end of June, arc about thrce-quarter.s of an inch in expanse. The 
fore wings are usually livid or whitish, dotted with black ; the hind 
wings livid or lead-colour. It has been observed that the whole brood 
of moths usually hatch from the chrysalis at the same time, when their 
light colour makes them easily seen, and they are sluggish by day ; it 
has therefore been found useful to spread a sheet under the tree, and by 
beating or shaking the boughs make the moths fall into the sheet and 
destroy them. Fish oil, or petroleum and softsoap, is an application that 
can be used, and good drenchings are of service in clearing the trees of 
moths when they are. hatching out of the chrysalids, and in dispersing 
the caterpillars.” You did not commence action soon enough. A solu¬ 
tion of hellebore made by dissolving 2 ozs. of powder in a gallon of 
water also destroys the caterpillars. The mildew is the consoqiience of 
vitiated sap, the result of injury to the leaves.' 
irames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more tlian six specimens can be named at once. 
(A. B .').—Since we state that “ flowering specimens are necessary for 
naming flowering ])lants,” is it not strange that you should have waited 
just till the trees from which you send sprays ceased flowering ? It is 
possibly .-in Amelanchier, but you ha.d better send flowering specimens 
next ye.ar. (//. A .').-—Philadelphus mexicanus. (JT. B. S.'). —1, Arenaria 
b.aleariea ; 2, Erinus alpinus ; 3, Sempervivum arachnoideum. (/L 71). 
—1, Oncidium Jonesi.anum ; 3, Scuticaria Hadweni ; 3, Maxillaria 
grandiflora; I, Masdevallia Harryana. (77. 7’. .j' Sum ').—We think 
your plant is a very distinct v.ariety of Cattleya Mossise, the sepals 
and ])etals highly coloured, and the lip beautifully veined 'with gold, 
but the flower is not of such good sh.ape as some we have seen. 
COVENT, GARDEN MARKET.— June Gtii. 
SCPPLIES gooJ, with business much improvei, and prices firm. 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Artichoke?, dozen •• •• 
1 
0 to 2 
0 
Lettuce, dozen •• •• 
0 
9 to 1 
S 
Asparagus, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet •• 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beaus, Kiduey, per lb. ’ •. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet,Red, dozen *• ,, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onion?, bunch.. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle •• .. 
Brussels Sproat?, ^ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen •• 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage, dozen ,♦ ,, 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt... ., 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicuinp, per 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Kidnev, per cwt. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Carrot?, bunch 
0 
4 
u 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflower?, dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsaty, bundle .. ,. 
0 
1 
6 
Celery, bundle .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle •• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Colewort?, dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale, basket •• .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumber?, each •• ,, 
0 
4 
0 
7 
Shallot?, per Ry. 
0 
S 
0 
u 
Endive, dozen .* •• ,, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Hernr, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per ft. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Leeks, bunch .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch •• •• 
0 
4 
0 
0 
FRUIT. 
S. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. d. 
Apple?, i sieve.. .. .. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen.. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Canada barrel 10 
0 
18 
0 
Pears, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs, 100 lbs. 
45 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Pine?, each 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per ft. .. 
2 
6 
6 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Lemons, case. 
10 
0 
16 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Aralia Si bHdi, dozen .. 
6 
0tol2 
0 
Fuchsia, dozen pots .. 
6 
OtolS 
0 
Arbor vitse (golden) dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Genista, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Aram Lilies, dozen.. .. 
G 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, dozen pots •. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Bedding out plants in 
Ivy Geraoium. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
variety, per dozen ., 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Cineraria, dozen . • .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Coleus, dezan. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium Harri?sii, doz. po* s 
30 
0 
42 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Beutzia, per dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Dracsena terminalis, doz. 
so 
0 
60 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen •• 
4 
0 
8 
0 
„ viridis, dozen.. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, dozen pots .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Erica, various, dozen •• 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. • .. .. 
5 
0 
12 
0 
„ ventricosa .. .. 
18 
0 
24 
0 
Nostartiump, per dozen.. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Euonymus, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var.,each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
,, scarlet, doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Fiens elastica, each ., 
1 
8 
7 
0 
Spirea japonica, doz. . • 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage Plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Stocks, per dozen •• •• 
8 
0 
6 
u 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
8 
d. 
P. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Ahntilons, 12 benches .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mignonette. 12 bnnehes 
8 
0 to 6 
0 
Anemones 12 bunches •• 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Narcies, various, 12 bchs 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pansies, 12 bchs .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums. 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Bouvardiap, bunch .. •. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Camellias, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Polyanthus, 12 bchs 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Oaroation?, 12 blooms . • 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Banunculus, dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cowslips, 1*2 bunches .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Roses, Red, 12 blDoms •• 
1 
6 
4 
u 
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 
u 
4 
0 
6 
,, (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
B 
1 
6 
Baffodiis, Double, 12 bchs 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
„. Single, 12 bobs 
0 
0 
0 
0 
red, dozen (French) 
„ yellow .. .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Daisies, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Epiphyllura. 12 blooms .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Spiraea, bunch. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Encharis. dozen .. •• 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Stepbanotis, 12 spravs .. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms •• 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Stocks, 12bunches .. .. 
1 
e 
4 
0 
Lapagerla, coloured, 12 
Tropseolum, 12 bnnohes 
1 
0 
2 
0 
blooirs. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms ,. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Tulips, dozen blooms .. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
blooms. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Violets, 12 bunches.. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily o£ the Valley, 12 
„ (French), bunch 
0 
6 
0 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ (Parme), bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily o£ the Valley, 12 
W^lflow( rs, 12 bchs • • 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunches. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
White Lilac, per bunch .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Margnerites^ 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ „ French 
8 
0 
5 
0 
THE BRITISH DAIRY FARMERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 
EXCURSIONS AND CONFERENCES IN EAST ANGLIA.. 
It 'was at a general meeting held in March, 188b, that the 
members of this Society resolved to hold an annual conference 
at some. place or places in the provinces. In the following June 
the first gathering took place in Cheshire, which, as the leading 
