July 16, 1891. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
57 
must be gently poured off into bottles which have been previously 
washed with brandy or other ardent spirit. Kept closely corked and in 
a cool place it will remain good a long time. Examine it, however, 
occasionally by placing a strong light behind the neck of the bottle, and 
if any skin appears upon it boil it up again with a few peppercorns. 
This is called double ketchup, and a table-spoonful of it will impart the 
full flavour of Mushroom to half a pint of sauce. 
Tomato Fruits Diseased (IF. II. G .).—The decay of the fruits 
you have sent has been caused by a fungus, and this is what Mr. W. G. 
Smith has said and shown in reference to attacks of this nature :—“ The 
fungus most worthy of attention when growing upon Tomatoes is the 
destructive parasite known as Cladosporium lycopersici. This fungus 
causes the decay of the fruit. It begins with a minute black spot, which 
surrounds the small decaying style. The black spot gradually increases 
in size by new circles of growth, one beyond another in the style of 
fairy rings. The fungus growth at the same time flattens the apex of 
the fruit, till at last the whole substance is blackened and entirely 
destroyed by the Cladosporium. The fungus spreads from the leaves 
(as I believe), or from one fruit to another, till at last leaves, stems, and 
fruits are all alike rotten. A small illustration is here given (fig. 9) 
natural size, of a half-destroyed fruit, and a view of the assailing fungus 
which has been named Cladosporium lycopersici, enlarged from the 
microscope 500 diameters. The brown spores of this Cladosporium are 
often produced in such enormous numbers upon both sides of the foliage 
that they fly from the leaves in millions. If the Tomato foliage is 
briskly touched, a cloud of spore3 will taint the air and be distinctly 
perceptible in the mouth and lungs if they are inhaled. Most of the 
Tomato fungi are in their earlier stages quite superficial, so that if 
remedies are applied in good time recovery seems to be possible. Many 
recipes and suggestions have been printed of late in the Journal of 
Horticulture .” All such fruits as you have sent should be gathered and 
burned, the house kept warm, dry, and well ventilated, and carbonate of 
fig. 9. 
DISEASE OF TOMATOES AS CAUSED BY CLADOSPORIUM LYCOPERSICI. 
copper remedy, mentioned on page 35 last week, may be tried. But the 
fungus ought to have been attacked sooner, and before it became so 
firmly established. See also page 21 of the same issue. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(C. P.). —1, Lycaste Deppei ; 2, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 3, Acalypha 
Macafeeana; 4, Insufficient, apparently a Carex ; 5, Not received ; 
6, Heuchera americana. The specimens were well packed in grass, and 
arrived in good condition. The Geraniums you mention are not florists’ 
flowers, but you could obtain them from most of the large nurserymen 
or florists. ( Iris ).—It is one of the numerous varietal forms of the 
Spanish Iris, and not a species. Possibly you might obtain the name 
from the vendor of the corms. See our notice. (IIP ).—Perhaps 
Ant.hericum variegatum ; but why did you top the flower spike ? The 
Pinus shall have attention. It opens a point of interest. 
Bees in a Straw Hive (IF. Stephens ').—As we do not know how 
you mean to keep your bees we cannot advise to our mind, and pro¬ 
bably not to your satisfaction. Your bees, which appear to have been 
a prime swarm, will by this time have the hive well filled with combs 
containing brood and honey, should, if the weather keep fine, have a 
small super. Remove this when full, and see that the hive is of proper 
weight to stand through the winter. Cover up, and protect from wet. 
Have a wooden floor for it, and it will be better if it be a ventilating one. 
But if the queen is an old one, so there is a risk of the hive failing next 
spring just at the time your expectations are high, a young queen can 
be easily joined after the old one has been deposed by using the usual 
and necessary precautions. If disposed to use frame hives you ought to 
provide yourself with at least three to be in readiness when the bees 
swarm next year, or straw hives if so disposed to keep them in them. 
You have the alternative of driving the bees from the present hive after 
they have gathered all the honey they can, tranferring the bees into a 
frame hive, and proceed as advised above. A postcard does not enable 
you to explain matters sufficiently. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—July 15th. 
Market now very active, outdoor fruit making an appearance, although light at 
present. 
Apples, Tasmanian, case 
Cherries, 4-sieve 
GrapeB, v er lb... .. .. 
Lemons, case. 
Asparagus, per bundle .. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen., .. 
Celery, bundle. 
Cole worts, doz. bunches 
Cucumbers, doz. 
Endive, dozen .. .. .. 
Herbs, bunch. 
Leeks, bunch. 
Lettuce, dozen .. . • . • 
FRUIT. 
s. 
a. 
S. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
6 
0to 14 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
• • 
4 
U to 9 
0 
6 
0- 
10 
0 
Peaches, per doz... 
• • 
3 
0 
1> 
0 
1 
6 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
• • 
3 
0 
8 
0 
15 
0 
20 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
• • 
0 
2 
0 
8 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
s. 
a. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
• • 
O 
8 
to 0 
10 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel.. .. 
a . 
5 
0 
6 
6 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunohos 
2 
0 
8 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. 
• • 
1 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. .. 
• • 
S 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Rhubarb, bundle .. 
• • 
0 
2 
0 
3 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. 
• • 
1 
0 
1 
6 
1 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
• • 
1 
6 
0 
O 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. .. 
• • 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. 
• • 
5 
0 
6 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. 
• • 
0 
6 
0 
8 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Turnips, bunch .. 
• • 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Peach Tree leaves and Fruit Spotted (A Constant Header). 
—The leaves are not only spotted, but have small circular holes in them 
as if made by a weevil. To find weevils spread a white cloth or sheet on 
the ground beneath the tree in the daytime, and at night approach the 
tree very gently with a lantern kept dark, and give the branches a good 
shaking, then turn on the light, and if the causers of the small holes are 
weevils they will be found to have fallen on the cloth, and should be 
captured and destroyed. This repeated a few evenings will rid the tree 
of that plague. The brown spots may have been caused by the sun 
acting powerfully on drops of water caused by syringing or a leaky roof. 
Fumigating the house whilst the leaves were wet or an overdose of 
tobacco smoke would produce the spots. The leaves and fruits are not 
infrequently spotted when infested with gum disease. The best thing 
you can do is to cut away all the gummed parts to clean growth a little 
below the affectation and burn them. Any gum on older growth should 
be wiped off and burned ; but growth of the current year, and even last 
year’s wood where it can be spared, should be cut away ; then sprinkle 
the tree lightly with tepid water, and dust it whilst damp with “ anti¬ 
blight.” Do not syringe the tree for some time, or not at all unless 
necessary for the prevention or spread of red spider, &c., and then as 
little as possible. Admit air freely, especially in the early part of the 
day, and a little constantly at night. Dress the border with super¬ 
phosphate two parts, muriate of potash one part, mix, and apply at the 
rate of 2 ozs. per square yard, repeating in abiut six weeks, and wash-in 
lightly. Water no more than is necessary to keep the foliage from 
becoming limp. In autumn, when the leaves give indication of falling, 
lift the tree carefully and replant, preserving all the small roots 
possible. Add to the loam a fourth to a sixth of old mortar rubbish 
according to texture, making the soil firm under, about, and over the 
roots. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plauts, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms very good, rather plentiful. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Bouvardias, bunch 
Campanula, doz. bunches 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
Carnations, doz. bunches 
Cornflower, doz. bunches 
Eschseholtzia, doz. bchs. 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
Gardenias, per doz. 
Gladiolus (white), dozen 
bunches. 
Iris (various) doz. bchs. 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
blooms. 
Lilium (various) dozen 
blooms. 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches .. . 
Marguerite?, 12 bunches 
s. d. s. d. 
2 0 to 4 0 
0 6 10 
3 0 6 0 
10 2 0 
3 0 6 0 
2 0 4 0 
2 0 3 0 
3 0 6 0 
16 4 0 
4 0 8 0 
6 0 12 0 
2 0 4 0 
3 0 4 0 
10 3 0 
4 0 9 0 
2 0 4 0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
Mimosa (French), bunch 
Myosotis, dozen bunches 
Pansies, dozen bunches . 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
Pink (various) doz. bchs. 
Primnla(double)12 sprays 
Pyrethrum, doz. bunches 
Ranunculus, doz. bncis. 
Boses (indoor), dozen .. 
„ (mixed), doz bnchs. 
„ Red (English) per 
dozen blooms .. 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
„ Yellow, dozen .. 
Spiraea, per bunch .. .. 
Sweet Peas, doz. bunches 
Sweet Sultan, doz. bnchs. 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
8 . 
2 
1 
2 
1 
4 
B 
2 
0 
2 
2 
0 
2 
1 
1 
2 
0 
2 
2 
0 
8 . 
Aralia Sicboldi, dozen .. 6 
Arbor Vitse (golden) doz. 6 
Begonias (varhus), doz. 6 
Calceolarias, per dozen .. 4 
Campanula, various, doz. 6 
Coleus (various), per doz. 3 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 24 
„ viridis, dozen .. 12 
Erica, various, dozen .. 12 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 6 
Evergreens, in var., doi en 6 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 4 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 1 
Foliago plants, var., each 2 
Fuchsia, per doz.4 
Geraniums, Ivy, per doz. 4 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
a. 
s. 
a. 
s. 
0 to 18 
0 
Heliotrope, per doz. r . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Hydrangea?, per doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lilium longifl rum, d >'. 
18 
0 
6 
0 
Lobelia, par .doz. 
3 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
Mignonette, p Jr’dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
3 
0 
42 
0 
Musk, per doz. 
2 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
21 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
2 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, doz 
Sari Yaga pyramidali3, per 
2 
0 
18 
0 
12 
6 
7 
0 
doz. 
0 
1) 
0 
Spiraea, per doz. .. .. 
8 
0 
9 
0 
Stocks, per dozen .. 
Tropseolums, per do. cn .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
3 
d. s. &. 
0 to 6 0 
3 16 
0 "4 u 
0 2 0 
0 9 0 
0 6 0 
0 4 0 
0 10 
0 6 0 
0 4 0 
6 16 
0 6 0 
0 2 0 
0 2 0 
0 6 0 
6 0 9 
0 4 0 
0 4 0 
4 0 9 
d. fi d. 
0 to 8 0 
0 12 0 
0 80 0 
0 6 0 
0 12 0 
0 6 0 
0 4 0 
0 12 O 
6 21 O 
0 15 0 
6 6 0 
0 14 0 
0 12 0 
0 6 0 
0 6 0 
