August 6, 1891. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
115 
many of the habits of true caterpillars, and somewhat of their 
appearance. Bat a sawfly larva possesses a larger number of legs 
than do larvae of butterflies and moths ; theirs never exceed 
sixteen, a sawfly may have eighteen or twenty, and in some species 
there are but six, which is never the case with the true caterpillars, 
which have at least ten. Some caterpillars are a trifle eccentric in 
posture ; they double themselves round or elevate the head or tail 
occasionally, but I never saw a true caterpillar curl up its tad, yet 
this is done by several of these sawfly mock caterpillars. The head 
also will be observed to be fitted on the body much more rigidly 
in them, allowing very little play. In some species these larvae 
unite to construct a sort of silken tent, under which they can feed, 
sheltered from the weather. There have been a few curious 
instances of some being discovered in the interior of fruits. 
The sawflies, or Tenthredinidfe, are small eaters when in the fly 
condition, feeding chiefly on fruits. Their general appearance 
separates them readily from all other insects. The body is rather 
short and nearly equal throughout, the wings large, and the legs 
longish ; their colours vary, but black, yellow, and red occur 
frequently. jSTo part of a sawfly, however, is more interesting than 
the implement which suggested the name, and by which the work 
°f egg-placing is effected. It is a double saw, and the female fly, 
when using it, first slides out one, and as this is returning pushes 
forward the other ; the double movement is continued till a suit¬ 
able hole has been cut. Each tooth of the saw is studded with 
smaller teeth, and in the different species the strength of each saw 
is suited to the task it has to perform, because some twigs and 
leaves require very different treatment in making a cut to what 
others do, as their thickness or toughness vary. It is also supposed 
that a minute drop of acrid fluid is thrown into the wound by 
most, if not all the flies, whereby it is prevented from healing up. 
Just now the second or summer brood of the sawfly of the 
Rose (Hylotoma Rosas) is actively employed in oviposition about 
gardens where this favourite flower is cultivated, and it is a species 
affording us a good illustration of the tribe. This fly is about half 
an inch in length, the body is glossy and of an orange tint, the head 
and legs blackish. The mother fly may be watched and caught in 
the act as she passes from twig to twig ; sometimes three or four 
eggs only are placed near together, at others there may be a dozen 
on a single twig. This is a tiring task, and the parent does not 
complete it in a day, several being occupied by it before all her 
eggs are disposed of. Should we cut open an infested twig before 
the larvae have emerged we see that round every egg is a small 
vacant space ; the vegetable cells do not press upon it—in fact, 
after the egg is laid its shell expands, and the size of it is increased. 
When the larvae have hatched they feed on the leaves of the Rose 
till these are beginning to decay, and their growth being completed 
enter the soil at the roots, where each constructs a separate cocoon. 
In colour these larvae are yellowish green, dotted over with nume¬ 
rous black and hairy tubercles. While eating it is a favourite 
fashion of theirs to assume the figure of the letter S. Evidently a 
most effectual way of dealing with them is to remove or kill these 
winter cocoons, and thus reduce the number of flies that appear in 
early summer to start the new brood. The eggs of this brood are 
laid about May, and of course a much greater amount of mischief 
is done by the first emerging larvae, as the Rose’s development of 
both leaves and flowers is seriously checked. When adult in June 
all the larvae do not descend to the earth. Some make cocoons of 
silk upon walls or trunks ; these are yellow, very elastic, and the 
outer fibres cross in a way which reminds us of a racquet. Less 
frequently noticed is another enemy of the Rose (Tenthredo 
agilis), which hides itself within some twig to undergo its change, 
and, according to some observers, also feeds on the pith while it is 
growing to maturity. 
The dusky brown sawfly called Tenthredo Lucorum, which is 
nearly the size of a queen wasp, is frequently to be seen careering 
over our garden walks, and the supposition is natural that this 
insect has some evil designs upon our flowers, but I do not think 
it touches them. To the larvae the Hawthorn and Sloe afford food, 
and these creamy white rather unpleasant looking creatures have 
been plentiful on many hedges during this summer. The cocoon is 
a conspicuous object upon the twigs in the winter months, the 
larvae remaining unchanged till the spring ; instinct, however, has 
taught some birds to open these and devour their contents when 
other food is scarce. We otten see in gardens the large sawflies 
of the genus Cimbex, with clubbed antennae, which fly slowly with 
a buzzing noise. Their chief food is the leaves of such trees as 
the Aspen, Birch, Alder, Pine, and Elm, most of them being green 
marked with black. It is observable that the sawflies show no 
inclination to attack the exotic plants, which are common in our 
beds and borders during the sufhmer, though the characteristics of 
some of these might seem to be tempting, but they have appetites 
restricted to particular species, and less variable than those of 
many of the true caterpillars.— Entomologist. 
The past summer has been a favourable one for Roses in.this imme¬ 
diate neighbourhood, abundance of clean healthy blooms being seen 
in many of the gardens. One specimen of the Gloire de Dijon called 
forth a comment in the local paper as being “ A sight worth seeing and 
worthy of being photographed.” The owner took the hint and had 
some photographs taken, of which I send you one. The tree in question 
is on the front of the house of T. A. Lodge, Esq., of Dogmersfield, and 
was budded by himself. The whole tree shows only two years’ growth, 
and extends round the corner of the house, over the greenhouse, where 
the blossoms are quite as profuse. The photograph scarcely does justice 
to it, as it was not taken till the blooms were going off and many of the 
lower ones had been cut. They were not only numerous but very fine. 
At Itchel Manor also, the residence of C. Maxwell Lefroy, Esq., some 
remarkably good Roses have been grown. In these gardens Roses are 
rather a speciality, and they are extremely fine both as regards size and 
colour.—H. W. Austin, Fir Cottac/e, Church Croohham, Hants. 
[The photograph shows the Gloire de Dijon Rose mentioned by our 
correspondent covering nearly half the front of the house, and bearing 
abundant flowers at the upper parts of the stems.] 
Rose Laharque. 
For producing blooms in quantity in a greenhouse early in the 
season there is no Rose to equal this one. The growth is free, each 
shoot terminating in a cluster of pure white Roses. From the bud 
stage to a half-expanded state this is perhaps the whitest of Roses j 
afterwards the centre of each is tinged with faint yellow. 
As a climber Lamarque has few equals, either with glass protection 
or on the open wall. It strikes freely from cuttings 3 inches long, 
inserted early in May, taken from a plant which bore a crop of flowers 
during April. We use a sandy soil, plunge the pots in a gentle bottom 
heat, and shading the leaves from bright sun. Plants so raised quickly 
become established, and give excellent results if a few essential points in 
the culture are attended to. Climbing Roses like this do not succeed 
when growing in pots ; they need more root space than that system 
affords. A free growth after flowering is important, and is most easily 
obtained by first removing any weakly growths and othei’3 to prevent 
crowding the branches. Abundance of water, both at the roots and over 
the foliage, is necessary to keep down red spider, to which the foliage of 
this Rose is much subject, and if allowed to increase must damage 
the next season’s flower crop. A thorough drenching with the garden 
engine occasionally is in favour of a clean growth.—E. M. 
HORTICULTURAL SHOWS, 
HAYWARDS HEATH. 
The third annual summer Show of the above Society took place by 
the kind permission of Mr. Pennett in his meadow, South Road, on 
Wednesday last the 29th ult. The Show was in every way a great success, 
and a decided advance on its predecessors. The entries were 1200 in 
number, making an average of eight per class. Unfortunately the 
weather again proved most unfortunate, for it rained nearly the whole 
afternoon. 
The best features among the plants were the groups. There were 
five entries for a miscellaneous group. The first prize was awarded to Mr, 
George Stringer, gardener to R. A. Bevan, Esq., Cuckfield, with bright, 
well grown, and artistically arranged plants. Mr. W. Jupp, gardener to 
G. Boulton, Esq., Eastbourne, followed with a light arrangement. 
Third, Mr. H. Townsend, gardener to E. J. Arbourn, Esq., Lindfield, 
Fourth, Mr. S. Horscroft gardener to T. Potter, Esq., Ardingley. Mr. 
Jupp was placed first for both the groups of Ferns and foliage plants, 
followed in the first-named by Mr. H. Townsend and in the latter by 
Mr. G. F. Wickham, gardener to Mr. Humphrey of Keymer. The stove 
and greenhouse plants were rather disappointing once more. Mr. A. 
Stamp, gardener to Mr. Knight, Haywards Heath, was first. I or four 
fine-foliage plants, Mr. H. Townshend and Mr. J. Hodges, gardener to 
S. Gibbons, Esq., Lindfield, gained the premier awards. Bright groups 
of Gloxinias were shown, Mr. D. Smith, Wivelsfield, winning the first 
prize. The first place for six Ferns was given to Mr. G. F. Wickham for 
large bush plants. Begonias were very bright, Mr. J. W. Long, gardener 
to General Adams, Haywards Heath, having the best singles, with very 
fine flowers. Mr. G. F. Wickham was second with good doubles. The 
last-named was first for a single specimen plant in bloom with a fine 
Bougainvillea ; Mr. S. Horscroft taking first place for a specimen foliage 
plant with a fine Croton. 
The season has been rather backward for a good show of Dahlias 
and Asters. There was, however, a good show of Rose3 in the various 
classes, Mr. P. Marsh, Lindfield, and Mr. R. Inglis, Cuckfield, coming in first 
and second for twelve blooms. The class for hardy herbaceous flowers 
