222 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ September IP, 1891. 
Events of the Week.— The Great International Fruit Show held 
by the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society at Edinburgh, is con¬ 
tinued to-day (Thursday, September 10th) and to-morrow. The National 
Chrysanthemum Society’s early autumn Show at the Westminster Aqua¬ 
rium is also continued to-day. The Show of the East Anglian Horti¬ 
cultural Club at Norwich takes place to-day, and Galashiels Horticultural 
Exhibition on Saturday. Sales of Bulbs and Orchids by auction will 
take place at Messrs. Protheroe & Morris’s rooms during the week, and 
particulars will be found in the advertisement columns. 
- Weather. —Brilliant days have prevailed this week in the 
London district, and as the barometer is high and rising, hopes are 
high that a sunny autumn will follow. 
- Miss Ormerod. —We are informed that, this talented and 
industrious lady has resigned her connection (as consulting entomologist) 
with the Royal Agricultural Society, but does not intend to be less 
useful to the agricultural and horticultural community. An untenable 
claim was made on her works, and though this was ultimately with¬ 
drawn she prefers to be free. 
- Death of the Lord Mayor of York.—M any of our readers 
who have been associated with the great gala and horticultural exhibi¬ 
tions at York, will regret to hear of the death, on the 6th inst., of Mr. 
Alderman Philip Matthews, the Lord Mayor and President of the 
Society for this year, after several weeks’ serious illness, the result of 
influenza followed by typhoid fever. Mr. Matthews has for a number 
of years been an active member of the Gala Committee, and his death 
wflll be very sincerely regretted by every person who knew him. Raised 
to the h'ghest position in the city by his fellow citizens, he fully 
justified their choice," and profound sympathy will be felt for the 
Lady Mayoress in her great sorrow. 
- The East Anglian Horticultural Club will hold the 
first autumn fruit, vegetable, and Dahlia Show, with other flowers (in 
aid of the Gardeners’ Benevolent Fund), in St. Andrew’s Hall, Norwich, 
on Thursday and Friday, September 10th and 11th, 1891. The Show 
will be opened at 1 p.m., on Thursday, by the Sheriff of Norwich, 
Geoffrey Buxton, Esq. Various musical attractions will also be pro¬ 
vided. The Hon. Sec. is Mr. Albert F. Upstone, 16, Exchange Street, 
Norwich. 
- The Dalston and District Amateur Chrysanthemum 
Society held their first excursion on Saturday afternoon last, when a 
party of about forty paid a visit to the Royal Gardens, Kew, and spent 
some time in an inspection of the glass houses and the outdoor col¬ 
lection of plants. Several hours were occupied in this way ; the party 
then assembled at the Lion Ga*e, and drove through Petersham, Ham, 
and Richmond Park, concluding a brief but most enjoyable trip with 
a high tea at the Star and Gaiter Hotel. 
- Newcastle Horticultural Society. — In response to 
the appeal of the Mayor of Newcastle for subscriptions to meet the 
liabi ities incurred by the disastrous gale announced in your last issue, 
the public have subscribed most handsomely, £525 being forthcoming 
up to Saturday, September 5th. This speaks well for the love of 
horticulture in the district. We trust the future efforts of the Society 
may be crowned with success. 
- Weather at Liverpool—E xactly one week has elapsed 
since the stoim mentioned in last week’s Journal, and now we have 
again to chronicle one of equal severity, but unaccompanied by the 
heavy rain which prevailed during the former. The wind blew from 
the S.W., and did much damage to forest and fruit trees. In many 
places the foliage of the forest trees is quPe brown and cut to pieces, 
whilst under the fruit trees the ground was literally strewel with fruit. 
We counted 800 fine Beurre Diels, which were blown from a standard 
tree some thirty-six years old. Of course it is quite useless, and what 
remains on the tree is so bruised and blackened that it will never be of 
much use. We have had a little more sunshine it is true, but duiing 
the night an 1 to-day we are having torrents of rain, accompanied by a 
strong S.W. wind.—R. P. R. 
- Gardening Appointment.—M r. Charles Ritchings, for the 
last four years gardener to W. Lindsay, Esq., Brandries, Beddington, 
has been appointed gardener to Dr. Frankland, F.R.S., F.R.H.S., The 
Yews, Reigate Hill, Surrey. 
- We learn from an advertisement in the present issue that the 
Leicester and Midland Chrysanthemum Society will hold their 
fifth annual Show in the Temperance Hall, Leicester, on November 
13th and 11th of the present year. The Hon. Secretary is Mr. W. Bell,. 
Knighton Road. 
- Education in Gardening.—F rom six candidates who were 
invited to attend Worcester last Saturday Mr. J. Udale was chosen as 
gardening instructor by the Committee of the Worcestershire Union of 
Workmen’s Clubs and Institutes, a grant having been allowed by the 
County Council for the purpose in question. Mr. Udale is a sound 
practical gardener and competent man. 
- Rainfall in Sussex. — The total rainfall at Cuckfield, 
Sussex, for August was 5-83 inches, being 3'53 inches above the average.. 
This amount has only been exceeded on two occasions during the last 
twelve years—viz., October, 1880, when 8*23 inches fell, and October, 
1S82, when 6 86 was recorded. The heaviest fall was 118 inch on the- 
20th. This amount has been exceeded on eight occasions during the 
same period. Rain fell on twenty-five days. The highest temperature- 
was 71° on the 11th, lowest 40° on the 30th. Mean maximum, 64 2° j. 
mean minimum, 49‘2°. Mean temperature, 56 - 7°; mean partial shades 
readings, S'l 0 below the average.—R. I. 
FIG. 36.— MR. J. HUNTER, LAMBTON CASTLE. 
- Rainfall in Hampshire.—I have several times observed irs 
your columns accounts of rain in various parts, and also that some 
exceeded the amount here. We are twelve miles N.W. of Southampton^ 
and I think the rainfall here for August is extraordinary, and more 
than in some parts, as we have had during August 5 - 10 inches of rain.. 
To those who observe the rain record it will be interesting to note how 
the storms vary.—A. J. Long. 
- The French Society de l’Encouragement lately offered a 
prize of 1000 francs for conservation of Potatoes and other 
vegetables. Four of the five applicants used some isolating sub¬ 
stance (woodash, sawdust, rye straw, with smd). M. Schribaux, who- 
gained the prize, put Potatoes for ten hours in a lj per cent, solution 
of commercial sulphuric acid to kill the buds (a 2 per cent, solution 
for thick skins). The Potatoes are taken out and thoroughly dried r 
and they will keep without alteration more than a year. The same- 
solution serves for repeated immersions, the concentration remaining 
constant. The process is not applicable to Onions. Another prize by 
the same Society (3000 francs) was awarded to M. Candlot for a 
memoir treating of the action of sea-water on cements. He shows- 
that the sulphate of lime resulting from decomposition of sulphate of 
magnesia by lime salts of the cement combines with aluminate of lime 
to give a double crystalline salt containing half its weight of water. 
The crystallisation of a salt so greatly hydrated involves considerable 
swelling, and this accounts for the disaggregation of cements in marine 
work. M. Candlot has observed the curious fact that over-baked lime, 
which takes several days to extinguish in water, is extinguished in 
a few minutes in a 3 per cent, solution of chloride of calcium. This 
is thought to have important practical hearings. 
