October 15, 1831. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
837 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers, 
h lowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes, 
blightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
QC'otswold). —1, Abies americana ; 2, Quercus Cerris ; 3, Pinus Strobus ; 
4, Pinus Cembra; 5, Pinus excelsa ; 6, Cupressus Lawsoniana. 
(iZ. C., Edinburgh?). —2, Retinospora plumosa ; 4, Juniperus chinensis ; 
6, Cupressus Lawsoniana. The others we are uncertain about. You 
might compare them at the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. The 
curator will also readily inform you of their method of drying Conifers. 
{L. C.). —1, Doubtful without flowers; 2, Not yet identified ; 3, Rivina 
lmvis ; 4, Doodia aspera ; 5, Shrivelled ; 6, Bambusa Fortunei. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET. —October 14th. 
HEAVIER supplies of Cobs. Trade brisk. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
[s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Apples, ^-sieve 
. . 
l 
0 to 
3 
9 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
Cobs, Kent, per 100 lbs. 
• • 
35 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, per doz... .. 
P.ums, 4-sieve. 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
• • 
0 
6 
1 
9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. 
15 
0 
20 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Asparagus, per bundle 
• • 
0 
0 to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
U 
8 
to 0 
10 
Beans, Kidney, per bush. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen 
• • 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch. 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. 
• • 
0 
4 
0 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
• • 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Potatoes, per cwt. .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, doz. .. 
• • 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Scorzonera,bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. .. .. 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Lettuce, score .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms not plentiful in variety. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
8 
0 
to 6 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Asters, doz bunches 
„ (French) doz. bchs. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Marigolds doz. bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Myosotis, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Carnations, doz. bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
4 
0 
6 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pyrethrum, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
blooms .. 
0 
9 
8 
0 
Boses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Dahlias, doz. bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ (mixed), doz bnchs. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Red (English) per 
Gardenias, per doz. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
dozen blooms .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Gladiolus, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
8 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ per 100 spikes 
8 
0 
10 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Sweet Peas, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
blooms. 
8 
0 
5 
0 
White Lilac (French) per 
Lilium ivar.) doz. blooms 
1 
0 
8 
0 
bunch 
5 
0 
7 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunenes 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 to 18 
0 
Arbor Vitae (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Asters, dozen pots .. .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Begonias (varit us), doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cl iii Plants, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lilium, various, doz. 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
18 
0 
80 
0 
„ large, doz. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Coleus (various), per doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Erica gracilis, per doz. .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonyraus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, doz 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Solanum, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
LIMING LAND. 
The wet summer has been most unfavourable to the work of 
dessing land with lime by the old plan of bare fallow and lime, 
nor do we favour the plaD, no matter what the season may be, 
v hither wet or dry. The only thing to be said in its favour is 
that between haysel and harvest the horses may sometimes be 
spared to cart lime, and that is why it is done then. 
Well, now we have especially in mind heavy land, that heavy, 
dense, clayey soil, whose adhesion we are so anxious to break up 
and render friable. For we forget not that the quality of soil 
depends chiefly upon its mechanical state, and we are bound to do 
our utmost to break up the tenacious, inert mass, into which we 
must have air and warmth enter and circulate freely if would have 
crops full and bountiful as we ought to do. 
Clay fires have been kept going all the summer long, notwith¬ 
standing the rain, and a grand store of ballast have we now beiDg 
carted on the land, which was limed last year, and which, 
therefore, has had a start—a good one indeed ; for was it not 
drained in the previous winter, and has not our work of reclamation 
been as progressive as gradual ? 
Mechanical division ? Yes! that is what we want, and we 
sometimes wonder if our Scotch friends have enough of it with 
their mighty dressings of cowdung. There is no doubt that 
such rough manure as they plough in so deeply does open 
up the land for awhile. But we aim at something more per¬ 
manent in character, while avoiding anything like a heavy 
outlay. 
Lime is not expensive if you are within carting distance of 
a kiln, and sixty or seventy bushels an acre is a tolerably fair 
dressing, which we do not often exceed except for blue lias 
clay, and then the temptation to apply an extra quantity is per¬ 
fectly irresistible, for we know how greatly it is needed, and 
what great good it will do. 
Having cleaned the land, the lime is placed in small heaps 
containing two or three bushels, to be slaked by atmospheric 
moisture, which is generally p’entiful enough at this season of 
the year. It is then spread and ploughed in, or worked in with 
a cultivator, the aim being to mingle it with the soil as thoroughly 
as possible. Its effect upon the soil is varied and important. It 
unites with felspar or clay, setting free potash or other alkalies. 
It acts on vegetable matter, setting free ammonia, water, nitric 
acid, and carbonic dioxide, tending to destroy excess of humus. 
It neutralises organic acids, and so “ sweetens ” soils. It takes 
up the nitric acid, is a plant food in itself, aids in the formation 
of silicates, and opens up clay soil from the curdling effect it 
has upon its particles. It also renders harmless injurious salts of 
copper, iron, &c. 
Not often is it that farm land has a superabundance even of 
humus in it. AVhen it has lime is highly beneficial, but it should 
not be applied long before a crop is sown, but rather as the soil is 
in course of preparation for a crop. 
For clay land there can be no better time than the present, 
only the work must be prompt, as it is all-important to work in 
the lime immediately after it is slaked, and there can be no cer¬ 
tainty about this when autumn becomes far advanced and the 
weather broken. The carting, spreading, and ploughing are 
therefore made to follow each other closely, our aim be ng rather 
to get the lime into the soil than to wait till it is all slaked, 
and a turn or two of the cultivator or drag harrow, when a 
favourable opportunity offers, serves to mix the lime well with 
the soil. 
Opinions differ as to how often lime may be applied with 
advantage, but we are strongly of opinion that frequent moderate 
dressings are desirable in all heavy clay land for all the reasons we 
have given. We hive long been accustomed to make compost 
heaps by mixing road sidings, coal ashes from the nearest town 
(always load back when you send in corn or other produce), and 
some rough farmyard manure. This is turned once, bringing up 
the thick bottom layer of road sidings to the top. It is turned 
again before it is carted on to the land, and previous to this tie top 
is covered with lime fresh from the kiln. As the heap is turned 
