November 12,1891. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
405 
Rose The Queen. 
I am sorry to have made a slip as to the raiser of this Rose. I thought 
it was introduced here from America principally by Messrs. W. Paul and 
Son, and they have generally been the foremost in presenting us with 
novelties from the other side of the Atlantic, so that we naturally look 
upon them as the introducers as far as we are concerned. The Bride is 
quite established as one of our very best Tea Roses, and I trust that 
Waban and Ruby Gold may prove equally valuable; but it is a great 
pity that the white sport from Souvenir d’un Ami should have two 
names, and if the matter cannot be arranged a new pair of duplicates 
should at once be added to the list of the N.R.S.—W. R. Raillem. 
TOMATOES OUT OF DOORS. 
Tomatoes on the open walls have been a success this season. 
This fruit has become very popular and is in great demand, 
prices for it are high, and cultivation is extending. As money can 
be made by its culture every space on a south wall should be used. 
This has not been a favourable season, but with care we have 
managed to procure a fine crop of useful size Tomatoes. 
The seed was sown on the 11th of February in stove heat ; the 
seedlings were placed two in a pot, and finally in 8-inch pots. The 
soil was made firm with a stick, and they were also planted firmly 
when put outside. In April the plants were put in cooler pits and 
ventilated freely. In May they were placed in a cool green¬ 
house fully exposed to the sun, and kept there until the first week 
in June, when they were planted against the open wall, and trained 
to a single stem. . 
We have, tried hardening them earlier outside, but the cold 
winds invariably experienced here at the end of May usually 
injured the plants. By keeping the plants in longer, some are 
in bloom and even set fruit, before being placed out, and we gathered 
a few ripe fruits at the end of August. 
We have used a quantity, and have gathered the remainder to 
put on shelves in the houses to ripen. Sutton’s Earliest of All 
is the only variety that we have grown of late years, but Con¬ 
ference will have a trial next year, as a round variety is preferred 
if found equally good in other respects.— George Harris, Alnwick 
Castle Gardens. 
VIOLAS. 
Mr. Wm. Dean’s interesting notes on the above in a recent 
issue will no doubt be welcomed by many, for at this season we 
generally try to find out any new varieties of merit with a view of 
improving our collections. I do not, however, think much im¬ 
provement has been made during the last three years or so, for, 
as Mr. Dean justly remarks, “ The newer varieties have little of 
the true Viola character, and too much of the Pansy breed i3 
being infused.” I do not wonder that “ many inquiries are made 
as to what constitutes a Viola and a Pansy,” for they are now so 
mixed in character that it is hardly possible to distinguish the 
one from the other; such varieties as Crimson King are neither 
more or less than an inferior Show Pansy. 
We have the properties of the “ Show ” and Fancy Pansy 
clearly defined, and both have been so much improved by florists 
that we may say they have in their respective classes reached the 
ideal of perfection. This cannot be said of the Viola. Of course 
it is asserted by some that the Viola is not a florists’ flower. 
But why not? There is no flower more popular or more use¬ 
ful. It has been taken in hand by the florist and improved, but 
no one has ventured to lay down the properties of a Viola. This 
in a measure no doubt keeps many from distinguishing them. 
Mr. Dean remarks, “ Botanically both are Violas.” True, but they 
are distinct species, as much so as Viola odorata, another species 
agreeing in the general structure of their flowers. 
The present is perhaps a good opportunity of trying the subject 
under consideration, and those who are interested in the flower will 
perhaps throw out suggestions as to what constitutes a Viola. My 
own opinion is that the Viola pure and simple ought to be in 
character similar to Viola cornuta. The rays or pencilling to be 
the distinguishing feature, and all chose thac partake of the Pansy 
breed, and are of various colours, should be termed “ Fancies,” or 
hybrids, to distinguish them from the former, in the same way as 
the Fancy Pansy is distinguished from the “ Show ” varieties. I 
consider Violetta a true type of Viola, and probably the forerunner 
of a new and distinct race. It has one very important feature. It is 
as sweetly scented as the Violet. The seedlings I have raised from 
Violetta are also very fragrant and of the same distinct type, but 
differing in colour. This year I have been able to harvest a fine 
lot of seed, which ought to yield some novelties of the same 
character. It is a curious coincident that Violetta is the result of 
a cross between V. cornuta and Blue Bell—the two varieties men¬ 
tioned by Mr. Dean as introduced long ago, and which suggested 
the term Viola—as distinguishing a distinct type from the ordinary 
Pansy, and I believe if we take Violetta as our ideal, we will very 
soon get a collection of Violas that will not only assert a distin¬ 
guishing feature peculiar to itself, but establish its right as one of 
the most popular flowers of the day.— Geo. Steel, Heatherslaw , 
Cornhill-on- Tweed. 
Cypripedium Youngianum (C. Corningianum). 
This handsome hybrid Cypripedium, which is a very distinct 
type, possesses a somewhat interesting history, for the same cross 
was made by two different firms, and when the plants obtained 
produced their flowers each received a special complimentary name. 
PIG. 78. —CYPRIPEDIUM YOUNiGIANUM (C. CORNINGIANUM). 
Under the name of C. Corningianum a plant was submitted to the 
Orchid Committee of the^ Royal Horticultural Society on 
August 11th this year, when a first-class certificate was awarded 
for it. Concerning this, however, Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, 
Chelsea, write as follows :— 
“ The Cypripedium referred to was raised by Seden from 
C. philippinense (pollen) and C. superbiens (seed). On flowering 
we named it in compliment to Mr. Corning of Albanjq L'.S.A. ; 
but we subsequently found upon comparison that it agreed in all 
its essential characters with C. Youngianum, raised from the same 
parentage, and exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Co. at the R.H.S. 
