December 3 , 1891 . ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
471 
‘ I may try boxes for summer, but for his cauld Jcintra the straw 
was safest to winter in.” He died in July, 1887, of heart disease, 
and was buried “ on the windy hill ” which shelters Strathavon from 
the east, with many a life-long friend laid beside him. His widow 
maintains the greater portion of the plants in undiminished beauty, 
Hoses and hardy border flowers being even finer than ever. 
What a contrast this to the garden of Mr. Hastie’s old friend 
and fellow grower of Sweet Williams—viz., Wm. Campbell of 
M oodfield, Dunoon. For years these two friends exchanged floral 
courtesies, .comparing their choicest seedlings of Sweet William, 
and esteeming each other’s success to the full. No jealousy dis¬ 
turbed the calm friendship or interfered with their visits. “If 
Mr. Campbell has the finest Sweet William as to form I have it in 
colour,” said Mr. Hastie to me on one occasion, and it was the 
exact truth. Mr. Campbell took up the raising of Sweet William, 
and for ten years worked patiently and with all the skill and 
“ gumption ” which used to mark our old Scottish gardeners ere 
that mastery of all outdoor cultivation became lost in the too 
much glasshouse knowledge of our present time. He sold his stock 
of Sweet William to Messrs. Dowme & Laird of Edinburgh, and 
now it is scattered everywhere, but our busy little friends the bees 
are so laborious in their efforts that it is almost impossible to retain 
the strain pure. One bad plant in a garden will effectually ruin a 
whole bed of the finest flowers, as I have experienced frequently. 
Hence the scarcity of the true strain of Hastie’s or Campbell’s to 
foe found in even carefully kept gardens where Sweet William is 
appreciated. It has not died out, as this year in September I had 
as lovely a head of it as I ever saw, and a friend grew a whole large 
bed as pure as Mr. Hastie ever had. 
Many now proclaim that the finest strain is theirs, and certainly 
the culture goes forward by many skilled seedsmen, but, like the 
other good things of the world, what was at first contemned has 
been sought after ; what was of no value when it was Mr. Camp¬ 
bell’s or Mr. Hastie’s is now to be lauded to the skies because it is 
other people’s. 
“ Once in a golden hour 
I cast to earth a seed, 
Up there came a flower, 
The people said, a weed.” 
To those pioneers, however, let us award the praise, and while we 
continue to grow the flowers which their patience and skill im¬ 
proved so much, let us not forget the—alas ! now desolate garden 
at Dunoon, where the late Mr. Campbell did so much to carry 
forward the good work begun at the still beautiful garden at 
Craigmill, for from these gardens we all obtained the seed.— 
Alexander Sweet. 
AMERICAN APPLES. 
AN ARBITRATION CASE BETWEEN SHAW AND RONALDSON. 
Before Mr. Justice Mathew and Mb. Justice Charles. 
This was a remarkable case illustrating how disputes arise between 
mercantile men upon shipments of cargoes, especially of a tender and 
perishable nature as fruit, and their deterioration by reason of delay 
in their shipment after they are packed ; and the settlement of such 
disputes by arbitration. The case had arisen out of the shipment of a 
cargo of 12,000 barrels of Apples from Nova Scotia to London ; the 
shipper’s complaint against the shipowner being that, by reason of his 
delaying the shipment for fourteen days—the Apples being already 
packed—many of them were rotten and the rest seriously deteriorated in 
value when they arrived in London. 
On October 3rd, 1889, Benjamin Shaw, a fruitbroker of Hull, wrote 
to Thomas Ronaldson (trading as Thomas Ronaldson & Co.), ship and 
insurance broker, of Leadenhall Street, London, “ I hereby guarantee to 
ship by the “ Damara,” “ Ulunda.” and other equally good steamers you 
may load of your line, from Horton or Annapolis, in the Bay of Fundy, 
a minimum of 10,000 barrels or a maximum of 12,000 barrels during the 
last half of November of this year, the same to be delivered to me at Hull 
or London in the usual docks, &c. The rate of freight to be 4s. per barrel 
if the entire shipment is taken delivery of at one port, but if I require 
you to deliver at both Hull and London, the rate of freight then to be 
4s. lid. per barrel all round. Freight to be paid on the usual line 
terms.” To which Ronaldson wrote an acceptance, promising to advise 
Shaw as early as possible what vessels he should nominate for the 
purpose, and mentioning the “ Roehampton,” which, however, left 
Halifax on October 15th without any Apples from Shaw, and the two 
vessels named were to be at Halifax within a few days. The 
"Scandinavia” was then proposed, but the “ Gallina ” was not 
mentioned. 
A correspondence took place between the parties as to the vessels to 
be chosen for the shipment, which were to be equal to the vessels named 
“ because Apples are tender and require very fast steamers, and if an 
■unsatisfactory boat were given the consequences would be serious.” 
This was on October 31st, and on November 1st Shaw wrote again, “ I 
.am very anxious about the Nova Scotia Apples ” and that ventilation of 
the cargo was very important. On November 1st, 1889, Ronaldson wrote 
proposing the Gallina, which was chartered to load the Apples at Anna¬ 
polis, which was described as equal to the Damara and would bring the 
Apples home in the best condition. Shaw, however, wrote that he did 
not consider the Gallina equal to the Damara, but the shipment of the 
Apples took place in the Gallina. There was an earlier vessel, the 
Scandinavia, which reached London earlier than the Gallina. Six 
thousand three hundred and fifty barrels of the Apples were shipped on 
December 13th in the steamer Gallina, and another quantity of 5650 
barrels was also shipped by that vessel, making up the 12,000 barrels, 
which arrived on December 28th, having been kept packed at the port 
in Nova Scotia for fourteen days until so shipped ; the Apples not 
having been shipped by the Scandinavia, which arrived in London on 
December 16th, 1889. 
Immediately after the arrival of the Apples in the “Gallina” Shaw 
wrote to Ronaldson—“ Price of the Apples, 3s. per barrel lower than 
when the ‘ Scandinavia’ arrived,” and upon that fact made a claim for 
compensation for not having shipped the Apples by the “ Scandinavia,” 
a claim which Ronaldson at once repudiated. Shaw, however, made a 
claim for compensation for damage caused by the failure to ship by the 
“ Scandinavia ” or some ship which would have brought the Apples to 
London in good time for the Christmas market ; and also for the 
deterioration of the Apples through their having been kept packed for 
fourteen days prior to the shipment, whereby it was said many of them 
were made rotten and required to be repacked ; it being, it was said, of 
the nature of Apples so to become rotten if kept packed, aDd the only 
means of preventing it being to unpack them and then to repack them. 
Disputes arose in respect to these claims, which in August, 1890, were 
referred by agreement to arbitration, and the claims of Shaw were then 
formulated in “ particulars ” as follows :— 
Loss of 2s. 2d. per barrel on half cargo of 11,300 barrels of Apples, which 
should have come by ss. “ Scandinavia ” (arrived in London December 
16th, 1899), but which came by ss. “ Gallina ” (arrived in London 
December 28th, 1889), 5650 barrels, at 2s. 2d. .. .. .. .. £612 1 8 
To loss on 6350 barrels (making shipment agreed for 12,000 barrels), which 
should have been shipped in last half of November, and delivered in 
London in due course, about 15th December, but which were not 
shipped until December 13th, and not delivered until December 28th, 
by ss. “ Gallina,” at 2s. 2d. per barrel .. . 687 18 4 
Broken barrels, &c„ ex ss. “ Gal.ina,” as per broker’s catalogue .. .. 140 19 0 
To loss through Apples having to be repacked and waste in consequence 
of being detained in Novia Scotia fourteen days. 193 11 11 
£1634 10 11 
The two last items of claim, however, were abandoned. The arbitrators 
sat for two days and heard Mr. Shaw’s case, and it was supposed that 
it was substantially closed. Upon an adjournment, however, his soli¬ 
citor set up a right under the first two heads of claim to show deteriora¬ 
tion in the quality of the Apples, and for that purpose to take evidence 
in Nova Scotia, and to have in the meantime a further adjournment, 
and during such adjournment Mr. Shaw’s solicitors applied to the 
Judge at Chambers in the vacation (Mr. Justice Collins) to order a 
Commission to take evidence in Nova Scotia. The learned Judge, how¬ 
ever, declined to make such an order. Mr. Shaw now appealed against 
that decision, but the appeal was dismissed.— fTimes, November 24th.') 
The Decorative Value of the Chrysanthemum. 
There has been a tendency to imply that the chief merits of the 
Chrysanthemum consist in its adaptability for exhibition purposes and 
competition for money or other prizes in public, but great as is its value 
in this way it has qualities fitting both plants and cut blooms for 
decorative purposes, equalling in general utility the other characters, 
and likely to lead to a more enduring popularity. We have no plant to 
approach the Chrysanthemum in its importance for house decoration 
during the months of autumn and early winter, and it rivals some of the 
best in the whole year. In its comparatively easy culture for such work, 
abundance of flowers, gracefulness of form, and variety of colours, it 
stands as pre-eminently and unquestioned the queen of autumn as the 
Rose holds undisputed reign in summer. How we could now dispense 
with the Chrysanthemum it is difficult to imagine, for we have nothing 
to take its place. 
Commercially, also, this phase of its character is very important, 
as many cultivators have proved, or are proving. The demand for the 
flowers in the market and at the florists is increasing every year, and 
some nurserymen who have made a specialty of these plants say that 
they can make larger returns from the sale of flowers at certain seasons 
than they could formerly from the cuttings or plants of new and estab¬ 
lished varieties. The brightly coloured Roi des Precoces, a small early 
Japanese, has, to my knowledge, brought one grower an astonishing 
return for the flowers sold. Source d’Or is another which has sold well 
in the same way, and numbers of others could be named equally useful, 
the pure white, bright red, and bronze or orange, and golden-tinted 
varieties being the favourites, the small, or not above medium size, and 
of light graceful appearance. 
Quite recently I had an opportunity of observing what enormous 
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