Angnst 6, 1885.] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
Ill 
season, but they are easily suppressed by suitable applications 
used at a time when the branches can be brushed as well as 
washed. The solution of petroleum, with soap or soda, applied 
at a temperature of 130° answers well enough, though some 
rely upon a sulphur wash for the extirpation both of scale and 
thrips. And when the scarlet scale or mealy bug (Coccus 
adonidum) has got into a Peach house it is difficult to eradicate, 
since the pest spreads itself over the woodwork and lurks in the 
crevices of walls. It is a largish species, occasionally confounded 
with the American blight, which is certainly like it in the circum¬ 
stance of having an outer garb of woollen. Protected by this the 
shield-like female insect keeps quiet, and apparently lifeless 
through the winter, to deposit, if undisturbed, a numerous batch of 
eggs in early spring. Now and then we observe on the Peach or 
Nectarine the curious little mussel scale of the Apple (Aspidiotes 
conchiformis). Of the prolific genus thrips we see two species 
upon the Peach and its allies, both injurious; one is a dingy 
blac* with yellow legs and white wings, the other is a yellowish 
brown insect, as small but rather slimmer than its relative. 
The power of springing which they possess aids them to dis¬ 
tribute themselves over a tree, and “ keeping them low down,” 
which has been advised, does not prove very feasible in practice. 
Those atmospheric conditions that favour the increase of tbrips 
also suit the red spider, which is often in its company under 
glass, and requires to be dealt with similarly. 
.Reserving till we treat of the Apricot some other insects that 
are common to it and to the Peach, we may mention here the 
Waberian moth (Tortrix Wteberiana), the presence of which in 
K G 1 J arva ^ s *- a *- e is indicated by small heaps of dust upon the 
bark. When this is removed a furrow is perceptible, in which 
the larva feeds and occasions a flow of sap, the consequence 
being that the tree is much weakened should the insects be 
numerous. This small but pernicious caterpillar feeds through 
the greater part of the year; it is dull green and red-headed. 
The moth, which is brown with silvery and golden marks, sits 
upon the bark in May or June, and while the wings are folded 
the eye hardly distinguishes it. The moth is represented in 
ng. 19.— Entomologist. 
ANTWERP INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL 
EXHIBITION AND CONGRESS. 
August 2nd to 6th. 
The present season has been an exceptionally busy one in the com 
mercial capital of Belgium owing to the great Exhibition there held, and at 
excellent opportunity was thus afforded fir a series of horticultural shows 
such as hasi never been held in Antwerp before. The principal event was 
owever, that fixed for August the 2nd to 6th, and which was publiclj 
opened on Sunday last. To render this still more memorable it was alsc 
ecidea to hold an international botanical and horticultural congress in 
connection with the Exhibition, and a number of invitations were sent to the 
chief horticulturists and botanists of Great Britain and other European 
countries. The British contingent comprised several well-known persons, 
amongst whom may be specially mentioned Professor Thistleton Dyer, 
d “ a , ,? n8 ’.^ ew , and Dr. Robert Hogg, who were appointed to represent 
Horticultural Society both at the Jury and the Congress, 
io many who were induced either by business or pleasure to make the 
journey to Belgium the selection of an agreeable route became a matter of 
considerable importance, and as there is a choice of several there was 
ecessarily a diversity of opinion as to their respective merits. Having, 
wever, the opportunity of starting a week in advance of the Show the 
wTfi- men< n mellt ' t ^ le da J Berv * ce between Harwich and Antwerp by the Great 
: eri L ( - j0m P an y a ® or ded a most convenient mode of reaching the Conti- 
. °u 01 ??*?? years this Company has had an excellent service of boats 
. q 1 ” „ , ) C1 commercial men is very advantageous, as leaving London 
• Antwerp is reached by 9 or 10 the next morning, and no time is 
s ost in travelling. To accommodate those, however, who are not quite 
f0r t ( me , or . wh ° prefer voyages by day, the Company decided to 
a ^ servlce twice a week from London to Antwerp and vice versd, the 
journey being performed on Wednesday and Saturday and the 
eho 9 -iuT 1 n T uesda y and Friday. The first journey was made on Saturday, 
“ July, by the handsomely fitted boat, the “ Adelaide,” and by this we 
„ * our , * n P a cross the German Ocean in remarkably fine weather. 
r,.,.. 1 ”” from Liverpool Street at 9 a.m., a quick run conveyed the 
fi * >> j * aarwic h in about an hour and a half, from which the 
6 o e P ar ted punctually at 11 a.m. A slight breeze and an un- 
onnlri ko!? n ’ sea as calm as a lake, rendered the journey all that 
at desired > a ? d lt was almost with a feeling of regret that the majority 
alnn<rfu aSSeD ^. er t knd shortly after four in the afternoon. Passing 
snH £ ® C , 0a ?f ° f .iP um within an easy distance of the shore,Blankenberghe 
month oftifa ? r tj I f lng waterin g places were readily seen, and by 6 p.m. the 
to tat. „ “ e Scheldt was reached, the boat stoppings few minutes at F'ushing 
Hftloor, o.,5 1V 15 on board. An excellent dinner was then served in the 
the riv’o ,- 0 'tu c? passengers again ascended to the deck we were far up 
mnn , „ I ne Scheldt is not an interesting river ; its low banks and the flat 
ranter 5,-??v. eao ^ Sld e being exactly of the distinguishing Netherland cha- 
licrhteA U th erefore afforded much satisfaction to all when the long, brightly 
moon ° f Antwerp came in sight about 9.30 p.m. By this time the 
was im' 8 ? min f? brightly, and t h e ] 0 fty handsome tower of the Cathedral 
the Snnth'r5 nent °, i ect in a ver 7 pretty picture. We were soon alongside 
SJuay, where the Great Eastern Company's boats are secured, and 
a great bustle ensued, passengers hurrying off to their hotels, the Customs 
officers busily examining the luggage, porters and cabmen eagerly soliciting 
patronage. The Company had, however, wisely arranged that all passengers 
who wished could secure berths on board on the night of arrival, and this 
was taken advantage of by many who wished to avoid the trouble of search¬ 
ing for rooms at a late hour, especially as the town was unusually full owing 
to preparation for the great fece on the next day—the opening of the new 
quays by the King. A refreshing sleep in a comfortable berth concluded a 
most pleasant day’s journey. The next morning we were prepared for the 
great event which attracted so many thousands of home and foreign visitors 
to the busy and interesting old city. Concerning the events of that day, and 
a series of visits to the horticultural establishments at Ghent and elsewhere 
our notes must be reserved, for the Horticultural Exhibition now specially 
demands attention. 
THE HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 
When the Jury assembled on Saturday, August the 1st, the pavilion 
devoted to the horticultural exhibits presented a beautiful sight, and con¬ 
stituted one of the grandest displays of foliage plants that has ever been 
provided, even on the continent, where foliage plants are so extensively 
grown. The pavilion is a lofty building adjoining the International 
Exhibition, about 300 feet long and 180 wide, with three spacious annexes, 
the whole of which were fully occupied with the plants in competition or 
otherwise. The majority of the 132 classes provided in the schedule were 
represented, and in some the competition was very close, for the good- 
natured rivalry prevailing between the Belgian nurserymen induces them to 
try their utmost at shows of this character, the result of which is that 
visitors can obtain a good idea of the skill of the horticulturists and the 
extent and variety of their collections. Perhaps the most striking feature 
at such an exhibition to those familiar with British shows is the informality 
of the arrangement, and in that respect they unquestionably surpass us, 
though in other matters, especially in making known the decisions of the 
Judges, we are much more expeditious. The exhibition is first prepared 
for the Jury, as it was on Saturday. These gentlemen perform their duties, 
and in the afternoon an official, with a large staff of assistants, takes charge 
and re-arranges the exhibits to facilitate the entrance of visitors, and to pro¬ 
duce a better general effect, and this work was not completed until midday 
on Sunday, during which time all persons are rigidly excluded, so that a day 
and a half elapses from the time the Jury made their awards until the prize 
cards are all affixed, and then the public are admitted. For shows extending 
over five or six days this plan may be suitable, but in our exhibitions we 
have to get through the work much more quickly. 
Considerable taste is, however, exercised in the arrangement of the 
exhibits, and this compensates to a great extent for the delay which occurs. 
Around the sides of the pavilion were disposed the groups of foliage and 
miscellaneous plants, while in the centre were placed the groups of flowering 
plants that imparted a most welcome colouring to the effect. Few who are 
only accustomed to our comparatively small displays of foliage plants could 
imagine the beauty that can be produced by the varied collections grown by 
Belgian horticulturists. In Palms alone a dozen or twenty species and 
varieties are rarely seen together at one show in England. At Antwerp 
there must have been some hundreds at least, and differing largely in their 
leaf characters, from the huge leaves of the Verschaffeltia to the most 
graceful of the Cocos or Arecas, there was every intermediate form. 
Dracrenas, too, were very beautiful, highly coloured, or with clearly 
variegated foliage, and of all sizes, from specimens suitable for the table 
to others 5 or 6 feet high, and clothed with foliage to the rim of the pots. 
Some well-coloured Crotons were also noticeable, but these are frequently 
better shown at London exhibitions. Very distinct characters were im¬ 
parted by the numerous Marantas and Bromeliads, the last-named being 
exceedingly fine, and several enormous plants of Billbergia and Yriesias, 
especially of V. Hillegeriana, with channelled leaves 4 or 5 feet long, were 
very striking. Pitcher Plants, particularly Nepenthes, were also strongly 
represented, Orchids and new plants forming departments of great interest 
and beauty, while smaller collections innumerable of Lilies, Pelargoniums, 
and Roses, all assisted in furnishing the Show. Conspicuous amongst the 
latter were eight fine boxes from Messrs. Soupert et Notting, Luxembourg ; 
and Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, contributed sixty superior blooms of Car¬ 
nations and Picotees that were greatly admired. 
When the arrangement of the Exhibition was completed for the opening 
by the Minister of Agriculture on Sunday at mid-day the general effect was 
grand. The groups had been placed closer together, or slightly altered 
where necessary, with considerable taste, and they were all margined with a 
neat white wicker edging about 1 foot deep, which gave a most pleasing 
finish. The paths were widened so as to allow free passage in every 
direction, and the visitor could wander about, almost imagining himself in 
some grand tropical garden where all the choicest vegetation of the globe 
had been collected together for his delectation. The plants were placed 
upon the floor, no staging being employed except in the two annexes, which 
contained the Nepenthes and Orchids, and these were suitably draped. In 
the principal pavilion, however, there were no formal lines of tables such 
as are too familiar in English exhibitions, and the whole plan was as artistic 
in design as it was complete in the execution. 
GROUPS AND COLLECTIONS OP PLANTS. 
Considerable space in the pavilion was occupied by gronps, the majority 
in competition ; but some that were contributed out of the classes also 
added greatly to the extent and attractions of the display. These cannot 
be taken in detail, but the more important will be mentioned, and fore¬ 
most honours must be accorded to Madame La Grelle-Dhanis, Berchem, 
Ghent, who had an extraordinary number of large specimen plants, all in 
excellent health, and giving satisfactory evidence of the best culture. The 
Jury very fittingly recognised the importance of this lady’s exhibits by 
awarding her the gold medal offered by the town of Antwerp to the 
amateur who contributed most to the beauty of the Exhibition. Several of 
these groups were arranged together on one side of the pavilion, and 
formed the grandest bank of specimen plants that we have ever seen from 
one amateur, and Antwerp has every reason to be proud of its distin¬ 
guished exhibitor. Gold medals were also awarded as first prizes in each 
of the following classes, in which Madame Le Grelle-Dhanis was the prin¬ 
cipal exhibitor :—A superb collection of fifty species or varieties of plants 
