August 18, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
131 
At the time of our visit they were in full bloom, and most certainly 
would have delighted the eyes of our English florists had they found 
themselves so fir away from Hammersmith, the Temple, or Stoke 
Newington. I procured some extraordinary varieties most peculiar 
in form and in colouring, and quite distinct from any of the kinds at 
present known in Europe ; one had petals like long thick hairs of a 
red colour, but tipped with yellow, looking like the fringe of a shawl 
or curtain ; another had broad white petals striped with red like a 
Carnation or Camellia, while others were remarkable for their great 
size and brilliant colouring. If I can succeed in introducing these 
varieties into Europe they-may create as great a change among 
Chrysanthemums as my Chusan Daisy did when she became the 
parent of the present race of Pompons." It is at this place that the 
Chrysanthemum, the national flower of Japan, is honoured every year 
by a special imperial garden party in the palace grounds. We are 
told that the Chrysanthemums here are unequalled throughout the 
world, and that some of the plauts display from 375 to 430 fully 
developed blooms at a time. 
Mr. Salter, of course, took them in hand, and succeeded in raising 
a few new varieties, while the Channel Islands growers, Mr. Downton 
and Major Carey, also added to the number within a very few years. 
It was, however, reserved for the French florists to make the very 
rapid strides in the improvement of this class of Chrysanthemum that 
has taken place, and the enormous number of novelties they have sent 
out in the past few years show how highly they appreciate the weird 
fantastic form and brilliant colours that distinguish the more recent 
productions. We can only give vent to a deep-drawn sigh of regret 
when we think what they might do if they could only be persuaded 
to deal with the incurved section in the same marvellous way that 
they have handled the Japanese ; and it is also a matter of curiosity 
that the French, with their refined taste in so many other things, 
should look down upon the incurved section with what appears to be 
almost utter disregard of its beauty. 
We have heard that the Japanese varieties had long been culti¬ 
vated iu Portugal previous to their introduction into England, but 
there is some little probability that those so referred to were more 
likely to have been varieties of the older Chinese Chrysanthemums, 
some of which had long loose tubulated petals with which our own 
florists were well acquainted about the year 1826, as several of those 
sorts bore so great a resemblance to the modern Japanese, and which 
if in cultivation to-day would be unhesitatingly placed in that 
section. 
Up to 1865 the influx of the new varieties of incurved, reflexed, 
and large Anemone flowers continued, and many of our favourites 
made their appearance up to that date ; some of them, such as 
Antonelli, Belladonna, Beverley, Cherub, Cleopatra, Dr. Brock, 
Emperor, Empress, Eve, General Bainbrigge, Golden Eagle, Golden 
Beverley, Her Majesty, John Salter, Lady Hardinge, Lady Slade, Lady 
Margaret, Little Harry, Miss Margaret, Mr. Brunlees, Mrs. Halibur- 
ton, Mrs. Petbers, Nil Desperandum, Prince Alfred, Queen Margaret, 
Venus, and White Christine being still worthy of mention. 
The Chrysanthemum was now probably a more popular flower than 
ever. Societies had sprung up all over the country to encourage its 
culture, and besides the numerous local shows and those at the Temple, 
Mr. Salter’s annual exhibition at Hammersmith and Mr. Adam 
Forsyth’s at the Brunswick Nursery, Stoke Newington, were thronged 
during the month of November by thousands of admirers of the 
Chrysanthemum. 
The new seedlings distributed between the date last mentioned and 
the year 1870 comprised among Pompons and other sorts Gloria 
Mundi, Golden Beverley, Dr. Lindley, Ossian, Golden Dr. Brock, 
Baron Beust, Lady Talfourd, Lord Derby, Faust, Fingal, Isabella 
Bott, Mrs. Ileale, Mrs. Geo. Bundle, Pink Perfection, Rival, Little 
Harry, Beethoven, White Eve, Plenipo, Orange Annie Salter, all of 
which are tolerably familiar to us growers of the present day. At the 
same time it must be remembered that a large number of varieties had 
been raised, appreciated for a while, and then had gradually dis¬ 
appeared from cultivation, and as there can be but little interest in 
these it has been considered unnecessary to burden the reader with 
long lists of varieties no longer known. 
We are now approaching the close of the history of a plant that 
is even now supposed by some to be in its infancy, and before reach¬ 
ing the conclusion of this treatise it will perhaps be permissible to 
make some slight reference to the subject of sports, as many of our 
well-known flowers have been obtained in that way. 'Without 
attempting to explain the scientific reasons for so curious a variation, 
a task for which the writer is by no means competent to deal with in 
a proper or scientific manner, it may be observed that there are 
numerous plants subject to the phenomenon of sporting, but that there 
seems to be none so liable to it as the Chrysanthemum. It is not, of 
course, every kind that sports so freely as others, and from what we 
can learn nearly all the early imported varieties from China were 
much more inclined to do so than the majority of those since raised 
from seed ; the old parple, the expanded light purple, the quilled 
light purple, the curled lilac, and the buff seem to have been those 
most sportive in the olden time. There are, too, many cultivators 
who have never in the course of a lifetime devoted to the culture of 
the Chrysanthemum been so fortunate as to secure one. A sport is 
defined by Mr. Beaton, no mean authority, as he lived in a time when 
some of the greatest changes were made in this popular flower, in 
something like the following words—viz., that a branch here and 
there would occasionally give flowers of a different colour from the 
rest, and when cuttings were instantly made from the sporting branch 
the new colour (and occasionally, though rarely, the new form) would 
follow and become permanent. The first sport noticed and fixed in 
this country originated from the old purple, the plant first introduced 
in 1790, in the garden of the Bishop of London at Fulham. This 
was treated in the way described above, and was called the Change¬ 
able White Chrysanthemum. Mr. Mean, gardener to Sir Abraham 
Hume, tells us that it occurred in the year 1802. There are many 
varieties now in cultivation which were obtained by this means, and 
most of us are aware that even sports will in their turn produce new 
flowers in the same way. Among the principal flowers that origi¬ 
nated by this curious and interesting variation the following are 
fairly well known. 
Alfred Salter . 
Angelina . 
Barbara . 
Bronze Jardin de3 Plantes 
Canary Yellow Cherub ... 
Emily Dale. 
Geo. Glenny . 
Golden Andromeda 
Golden Aurore . 
Golden Beverley. 
Golden Cedo Nulli 
Golden Christine. 
Golden Dr. Brock. 
Golden Empress of India 
Golden Geo. Glenny 
Golden Hermione. 
Golden Queen of England 
Golden Trilby . 
Hero of Stoke Newington 
Lady Selborne . 
Lord Wolaeley . 
Miss Jeannie . 
Miss Oubridge . 
Mons. Harman Payne ... 
Mr. Bunn. 
Mr. Cobay .. 
Mr. Bateman . 
Mr. W. Piercy . 
Mrs. Bateman . 
Mrs. J. Crossfield. 
Mrs. Heale. 
Mrs. Marigold . 
Mrs. Shipman . 
Mrs. Todman . 
Mrs. Weston . 
Nellie Rainford . 
Niobe . 
O-Kiku . 
Orange Annie Salter 
Rotundiflorum . 
Venus (Jap) . 
White Christine. 
White Queen of England 
White Trevenna. 
W. Robinson . 
and others.—C. Harman Payne. 
... from Queen of England 
... „ Lady Slade 
„ Barbara 
„ Jardin des Plantes 
,, Cherub 
... „ Queen of England 
... „ Mrs. Rundle 
„ Andromeda 
„ Aurore Boreale 
... „ Beverley 
„ Cedo Nulli 
... „ Christine 
„ Dr. Brock 
... „ Empress of India 
„ Geo. Glenny 
... „ Hermione 
„ Queen of England 
„ Trilby 
... „ Princess Teck 
... „ James Salter 
„ Prince Alfred 
„ Anna de Belocca 
„ Mdlle. Marthe 
... „ Marguerite Marrouch 
... „ Golden Beverley 
... „ Prince of Wales 
„ Miss Walker 
„ Madame Pecoal 
„ Miss Wheeler 
... „ White Globe 
... „ Princess of Wales 
,, Miss Mary Morgan 
„ Lady Hardinge 
... „ Leon Lequay 
„ White Venus 
... „ Rosinante 
... „ Nil Desperandum 
... „ Bismarck 
... „ Annie Salter 
... „ Beverley 
... „ La Erisure 
... „ Christine 
... „ Queen of England 
... , „ Rose Trevenna 
... „ Bouquet Fait, 
(To be continued.) 
PRUNING FRUIT TREES IN SUMMER. 
I DO not believe in beginning this until August. It may be done 
earlier. Some practise it in June, and many in July, but I am not one 
of these. When it is done early, and when the shoots are in full growth, 
in my opinion more harm than good is done. Any shoot which has the 
top cut off it when it is in full growth immediately throws out a number 
of young shoots from the buds below where the cutting-ofi took place, and 
in the place of having one shoot, as was the case in the first instance, 
from one to a dozen will come in a cluster, and it is this which is most 
objectionable. In such a crowd of wood and leaves there will be neither 
fruit buds nor wood buds of any value formed for another year, and 
to secure these is the only object to be kept in view in summer pruning. 
By this time, or a little later, all the shoots have become very firm and 
pretty well ripened, and when cut back they do not rush into growth 
again, but the buds, which are more exposed than they were before 
cutting the tops away, develope more fully, and mature thoroughly into 
fruiting or leaf buds of the highest quality for next year. This is how 
we look on the matter, and what we find answer best in practice. N > 
doubt the majority of your readers will understand summer pruning, 
