August 20,1885. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
171 
Seedling Oranges (Petit). —You do not say what convenience you have 
for growing the plants, but if only an ordinary greenhouse they will be 
better not repotted until spring. Remove the moss from the surface of the 
soil with a pointed stick, and do not allow it to grow again ; stirring the soil 
occasionally will prevent it and be good for the young Orange trees. The 
presence of moss is indicative of stagnant soil. Give the plants water when 
the soil appears slightly dry, and only then, always pouring on sufficient to 
ass quite through the soil. If the pots are pretty well filled with roots in 
larch the plants may be placed in others about 2 inches wider, draining 
them well, and using turfy loam, pressing it down firmly. 
Early Hardy Flowers (Idem). 1 —We fear there are few plants that will 
answer your purpose. White Aconites and Snowdrops are the earliest of 
bulbs, and planted in October would be over in time for sowing the beds with 
annuals. Iris reticulata is also early, rich, and sweet, and Triteleia uniflora 
is pretty in masses in early spring. Crocuses, Hyacinths, and early Tulips 
might be grown, and the beds be afterwards planted with Stocks, Asters, 
Zinnias, Phlox Drummondi, Petunias, French and African Marigolds, and 
Scabiouses, which are readily raised from seed, but not sown in the beds 
after the bulbs are over, as the seedlings must be ready for planting then. 
Setting Chrysanthemum Buds ( Lover of Perfection). —The term “ set¬ 
ting ” means fixing or establishing the buds. When a bud forms in the 
tip of a shoot at this season it is “taken” or fixed by promptly removing 
the growths surrounding it with the point of a penknife, and the bud then 
developes into a fine bloom; but if the growths or breaks are allowed to 
extend the bud shrivels; it has not been “taken” or fixed, and later and 
smaller flowers are produced by the growths that are permitted to extend, 
these terminating in buds. No further growth starts from these, hence 
they are called terminals, the earlier buds around which two or three shoots 
spring naturally, if allowed to do so, being termed crown buds. Numbers 
of persons who grow Chrysanthemums fail to observe these buds, but 
growers of blooms for exhibition watch for them, and “ take ” all that in 
their judgment show at the proper time for the development of grand 
blooms. 
Name of Caterpillar (O. B., Lichfield ).—The specimtn sent is the cater¬ 
pillar, about half-grown, of the vapourer moth (Orgyia antiqua), which feeds 
upon a variety of shrubs about gardens and along lanes, but it is not suffi¬ 
ciently abundant to do injury to cultivated plants of any kind. The species 
belongs to that group of Lepidopterous insects where the bodies of many of 
the caterpillars are adorned with “tussocks” or pencils of stiffish hairs, 
which at the time of its final change are woven by the insects into their 
cocoonB. A notable peculiarity in this species is that the female is wingless, 
the eggs are laid by her upon the cocoon, where they remain from the 
summer or autumn until the ensuing spring. 
The Medlar ( J.. B.). —Your tree is a Medlar, known botanically as 
Mespilus germanica and is a native of several European countries, chiefly 
England, France, and Germany. The fruit in its natmal condition is hard 
and extremely astringent, but after undergoing a kind of incipient decay, 
which is termed “bletting,” it becomes softer and of more agreeable flavour, 
slightly acid with some astringency still remaining. The fruits are com¬ 
monly eaten in an uncooked state, but some persons prefer them as a preserve. 
The tree is raised from seed, but the usual mode of propagating is by 
grafting or budding upon the Quince, Pear, or wild Medlar, or sometimes, 
especially on the Continent, upon the White Thorn. The fruits should be 
gathered at the end of October or in November, and must be laid thinly 
upon dry shelves. It is fit for use in a week or two after gathering, but 
will keep for two months. 
Hyacinths (E. Mason ).—You give no idea as to how many you desire to 
grow. The following are “ good, and not dear,” and you can choose as 
many as you wish in the order in which they are named in each section :— 
Single Bed or Rose. —Yon Schiller, Gigantea, Charles Dickens, Mrs. Beecher 
Stowe, Macaulay, Robert Steiger, Solfaterre, Sultan’s Favourite, La Joyeuse, 
Lina, Baron Rothschild, and Madame Hodgson. Single White. —Baroness 
Van Tuyll, Elfride, La C-tndeur, L’lnnocence, Madame Van der Hoop, 
Mirandolina, Paix de l’Europe, Queen of the Netherlands, Miss Nightingale, 
Grand Vainqueur, La Franchise, and Alba Maxima. Single Blue. —Charles 
Dickens, Baron Van Tuyll, Grand Lilas, Marie, Couronne de Celle, Mimosa, 
Sir John Lawrence, L’Unique, Haydn, Jeschko, La Precieuse, General Have¬ 
lock, De Candolle, Baron Von Humboldt, Argus, and Lord Byron. Single 
Yellow. —Ida, Bird of Paradise, Due de Malakoff, Anna Carolina, La Citro- 
niere, and Alida Jacoba. Double Bed. —Waterloo, Lord Wellington, Regina 
Victoria, Noble per Merite, Princess Dagmar, and Groot Vorst. Double 
White. —La Tour d’Auvergne, Prince of Waterloo, Triumph, Blandina, 
Bouquet Royal, Jenny Lind, and Anna Maria. Double Blue. —Van Speyk, 
Louis Philippe, Blocksberg, Garrick, Lord Wellington, and Prince Van Saxe 
Weimar. 
Vine Leaves Discoloured (A. E. G .).—We do not think there is much 
the matterwith your Vines—nothing at all if the roots are working freely in 
fresh soil and the Vines are not overcropped. The season, in the south at 
least, has been an exhaustive one to Vines, the dry air and bright sun 
causing excessive transpiration, and unless a proportionate quantity of water 
has been given to the roots the foliage has lost its freshness prematurely. 
It is quite common for the leaves of Gros Colman to show signs of wither¬ 
ing before the fruit is ripe, and some growers have found it advisable to 
slightly shade the Vines with hexagon netting in very hot weather ; but if 
all the leaves of your Vines are as good as those before us you will scarcely 
find it necessary to adopt that practice, especially if the roots are well 
supplied with water and you continue ventilating the house judiciously. 
Gros Colman is a month or more longer than the Black Hamburgh is in 
finishing after the colouring commences, and we have seen very fine crops 
colour in October. You are possibly overcropping your VineB, and liquid 
manure might be of much assistance. You had better not remove any 
great quantity of the lateral growth or you will check the flow of sap. 
Merely removing the tips will suffice, and possibly this may not be necessary. 
You give no particulars as to the age of the Vines, weight of the crop, or 
extent and condition of growth. The temperature is right, and your method 
of ventilation appears to be correct. You will find the names of your plants 
below. 
Gloxinias from Leaves (A. (?.).—There are various methods followed in 
multiplying by this means. Some make incisions in the main veins on the 
lower surface of the leaves, and lay them flat on a bed of silver sand in the 
propagating house. Over the cuts small pebbles are placed to prevent the 
haf shifting until roots are formed, and in the course of time small 
crowns are formed, and each makes separate plants, which will flower the 
following summer if carefully ripened and preserved over the winter. 
Another plan is to cut up the leaves into slips, following the direction of 
the veins, and running the knife out without damage to the margin. This 
operation should be performed with a very keen-edged knife, so that the 
tissue of the leaves is not lacerated. By this means the leaves may be 
divided into a number of wedge-like pieces, narrowing to the bases. These 
are inserted into pots filled with silver sand intermixed with a little peat 
soil; and after moistening the body of the compost cover with a bellglass, 
or place the tops inside the glass case if the house is furnished with such. 
Keep moderately close, and never wet the leaves while applying water to 
the roots, at the same time being careful that the cuttings do not suffer 
from damp. Under such favourable conditions roots will soon be formed, to 
be succeeded by bulbs and minute leaves ; but it is the best plan to pot off 
singly as soon as well rooted, so that the progress of the two latter is not 
checked, and that nice plump bulbs may be produced before the fall of the 
year. After the rooted portions of the leaves have been put separately into 
pots, have them watered and returned to the place they formerly occupied, 
and give them the same watchful attendance as hitherto, not once allowing 
the soil to get dried up, which would permanently cripple their growth, 
until indications of their going to rest are shown at the end of summer. 
No more water will be required after such symptoms, except enough to pre¬ 
vent the soil from getting dust dry, and thereby causing the bulbs to 
shrivel. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers- 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should anive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
( H. M.j. —Your plant appears to be Helianthus multiflorus, which is closely 
related to Harpalium, and H. rigidum is by some writers ranked as a 
Helianthus. (A. H. G.). —1, Santolina Cbamfecyparissns ; 2, Antennaria 
plantaginifolia; 3, Alstroemeria chilensis ; 4, Appears to be a Lysimachia, 
but we cannot determine the species ; 5, A variety of Potentilla atrosanguinea. 
( T. W.). —1, Erigeron acre; ,2, E. canadense; 3, Senecio vulgaris. [B. P. 0.). 
—1, Trachelium cseruleum; 2, Eryngium amethystinum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 19th. 
Soft fruit is now nearly over, and prices are higher. Heavy supplies] of 
hard fruit to hand, with a steady trade doing. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
s. d« 
Apples. 
4 sieve 
i 
6 to S 6 
Melons. 
i 
0 
to 2 
Cherries .. .. 
4-sieve 
4 
0 
8 0 
Oranges. 
.. 100 
8 
0 
13 
0 
Filberts, Kent.. per 100 lbs. 
25 
0 
0 0 
Peaches . 
perdoz. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Currants, Red 
4 sieve 
3 
6 
4 0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Black .. 
\ sieve 
4 
0 
5 0 
,, dessert 
dozen 
1 
6 
3 
6 
Figs . 
dozen 
i 
0 
1 6 
Pine Apples English .. lb. 
3 
0 
3 
0 
Gooseberries.. .. 
4 sieve 
i 
6 
2 0 
Plums. 
5 sieve 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Grapes. 
0 
6 
2 0 
Strawberries.. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons.. .. ,. 
.. case 
15 
0 
21 0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
3 
0 
7 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8. d 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes • • •. 
dozen 
l 
0 to 0 0 
Lettuce .. .. . 
. dozen 
1 
0 
to l 
s 
Asparagus .. .. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 0 
Mushrooms .. . 
punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
3 
0 
0 0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red .. .. 
dozen 
i 
0 
2 0 
Onions. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Brussels Sprouts .. 
j sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
0 
0 
1 0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums .. .. 
100 
1 
6 
2 0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
S 
0 4 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers .. .. 
dozen 
3 
0 
3 0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 0 
Scorzonera .. . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dez. bunches 
3 
0 
4 0 
Seakale .. .. per basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers .. .. 
each 
0 
S 
0 6 
Shallots. 
.. lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 6 
Spinach .. 
bushel 
2 
0 
4 
6 
Her os . 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 0 
Tomatoes .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
5 
Leeks . 
bunch 
0 
8 
0 4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
THE CLERGYMAN’S FARM. 
(Continued from page 150.) 
It lias recently been laid down as a self-evident fact that 
the average clergyman must fail as a farmer. We do not by 
any means agree, for, as we have shown, his farm is, or 
ought to be, a home farm specially devoted to the production 
of farm produce for home consumption, and not for the culti¬ 
vation of crops or the rearing and fattening of live stock for 
market; and we fail to see why a clergyman may not do this 
as successfully as anyone. Certainly he ought not to fail in 
