S«pU*aber 17, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
263 
foliage. ( H . JET. C .).— The Apple ia Early Julien. (23.).—1, Brown Turkey ; 
2, Brunswick. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, nor 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(J. H. W., Leicester). —Lycium europreum. The fruits are, we believe, harm¬ 
less but useless. It is curious that the fruits of Solanaceous plants that are 
black or purple in colour are usually poisonous, but the yellow or scarlet 
fruits are generally innocuous. (Perthshire). —1, Poly podium aureum. The 
dull flowered plant is Nicotiana rustica, the white wooly plant is Anten- 
naria margaritacea ; 4, Solidago virgaurea. The numbers were displaced 
from some of the specimens, and two were quite unrecognisable owing to 
the fragile package having been damaged in the post. (22.). —1, Abutilon 
vexillarium maimoratum; 2, specimen very imperfect, but resembling 
Lycopodium Selago. (IF. S.). —1, Selaginella Martensi; 2, too small and 
immature ; 3, Adiantum cuneatum ; 4, Cyrtomium falcatum; 5,Pteris cretica 
albo-lineata ; 6, Davaliia dissecta. ( D . H .). — 1, Not recognisable; 2, Akebia 
qumata; 3 and 4, varieties of Cupressus Lawsoniana ; 5, Cupressus torulosa. 
(22. S.). —Genista hispanica. (IF. C. <J' Sons). —Tecoma capensis, a green¬ 
house plant, which can be increased by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in 
moderate heat. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— September 16th, 
Trade heavy, with prices still lower. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples .. .. 
i sieve 
l 
0 to S 
6 
Melons. 
1 
0 to 1 
6 
Cherries 
.. 
A-sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Filberts, Kent.. 
per 100 lbs. 
25 
0 
27 
6 
Peaches . 
per doz. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Currants, Red 
# . 
A sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Black 
,. 
J sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Figs .. .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English., lb. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gooseberries.. 
A sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums. 
A sieve 
1 
8 
2 
6 
Grapes .. .. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Strawberries.. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons.. .. 
• - 
.. case 15 
0 
21 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
..each 
3 
0 
7 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8 
d. 
s 
d 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Artichokes 
dozen 
l 
0 to 0 
0 
Lettuce. 
dozen 
l 
0 
to 1 
0 
Asparagus 
. bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms .. . 
punnet 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
0 
S 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
s 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
1 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums .. 
100 
I 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
e 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
bunch 
0 
S 
0 
4 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Cauliflowers .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery ., .. 
bundle 
I 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera .. . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dcz. 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale .. .. per basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers 
each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Shallots. 
.. Ib. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Heros .. .. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. % . 
0 
4 
0 
n 
Leeks .. .. 
. bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
AUTUMN CROPPING. 
To be really useful advice should be timely, so that 
prompt action may be taken while it is worth while making 
a special effort to improve upon past work, and to apply 
remedies to faulty practice when they are calculated to tell 
home. Now, therefore, is the time to see if we are doing all 
that is possible to make provision for another spring—or, to 
be more exact, for that critical period of the year, the end of 
winter, when our hay and straw ricks grow smaller daily, 
our root heaps dwindle, and bare pastures afford no prospect 
of “ keep ” for some time to come. That is precisely the 
time to which we are looking forward now, and we cordially 
invite our readers to give the matter the attention it 
deserves. 
Green crops for an early and successional supply of food 
for horses, cows, sheep, pigs, fattening and store cattle are 
being sown now, and it very much depends upon how this is 
done whether we are to have plenty of green food next March, 
April, and May, or are to follow the miserable suicidal prac¬ 
tice of turning our stock out upon pastures which ought to 
be held in reserve for hay, and which, at that early period of 
the year, can hardly afford a full meal to any of the animals 
turned out upon it. We have already sown our Trifolium, 
and would urge those who have not done so to lose no more 
time, but to sow at once upon a clean stubble. To show our 
high estimate of the value of this crop we may mention the 
fact of our having sown 40 acres of it now for use while it 
is green ; but if it should not all be wanted for green food it 
will be turned to account for hay or for seed. Rye is the 
next crop, and we are sowing 12 acres of it upon the home 
farm, and enough upon four other farms for the requirements 
of each. This is the earliest green crop of the year; we 
have never had too much of it—seldom enough. This year 
we have 50 acres of it, and hope to supply horses, cows, and 
other stock in yards with it, as well as having enough to fold 
the breeding flock upon. It is off the land so early that we 
may plough and sow spring Tares, or hold it in reserve for 
a crop of Maize or Turnips. Large quantities of Rye used 
alone is apt to prove too relaxing, but chaffed with dry food 
it is both wholesome and nourishing. So, too, when sheep 
are folded upon it, care is taken to give them chaffed hay, 
bran, and crushed Oats in the troughs. Winter Oats will be 
sown before the end of the month. We have made arrange¬ 
ments to sow 50 acres solely for an early crop of corn, but if 
it is required for grazing in spring we shall certainly turn to 
it, and it will render us invaluable aid. Need we dilate 
again upon the obvious advantage of being able to turn to 
such a supply of green food in our need ? and remember 
that farm is indeed a poor one which is not self-supporting. 
Green crops are often termed stolen crops, but we venture 
to assert that they will soon assume so much importance in 
that improved style of farming which is an inevitable out¬ 
come of the present depression, as to take a leading rather 
than a secondary position in our arrangements for the farm 
work of a year. Let it henceforward be an inflexible rule 
that farm land shall never be idle. Well indeed would it 
be if farmers would take a lesson from market gardeners, 
and regard bare fallows as a piece of extravagance in all 
ordinary seasons. It is only after two or three consecutive 
wet summers that we can be driven to fallows for cleaning 
the land. Brisk and energetic action must rule our practice. 
There must be no period of taking our ease ; we cannot afford 
now to finish the harvest and go partridge-shooting and cub¬ 
hunting. Save the corn, run the pigs, sheep, and turkeys 
over the stubbles, and then at once, without the loss of a 
day, up with them. Clean and burn foul weeds; set to at 
the autumn cropping with a clear end and aim in view, 
making the present the handmaid of the future, and the past 
the stern mentor, literally the wise counsellor, to teach us 
what to do and how to do it. Is it possible that any farmer 
who has been driven to turn his cows out of the yards in 
spring for lack of fodder in search of food which he knows 
they cannot find, not to consider if he might not have done 
more in the past, or cannot do better in the future for them, 
and, therefore, for himself ? The mention of cows reminds 
us how invaluable Tares have been for them in the hottest 
and most trying period of the drought that is happily a thing 
of the past once more. Upon many a parched meadow have 
the cows been supported and the flow of milk sustained by 
carting a daily supply of Tares there. We began in May 
with the Winter Tares, which were ready before the Trifolium 
was done, and spring-sown Tares came on crop after crop in 
brisk succession. The Winter Tares were not sown till the 
second week in October, and we never had a better crop; it 
was so abundant that use could not be made of all of it in the 
green state, so a portion was left to ripen for seed, which 
will now be threshed for sowing this autumn. It is only a 
trifle, but little things mount up and tell in the aggregate. 
Do not sow Tares only as provision for cows and horses, but 
also for folding sheep. They thrive upon Tares, and at the 
same time impart fertility to the land in a much more speedy 
and economical manner than is possible with manure heaps 
and cattle yards. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
The farm horses have been taken into the stables at night once more, 
exposure now often leading to colds and rheumatism, especially in old 
