Oofcober 8, 1885. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
329 
succeeding are often cut by frost, but by deferring the work, though the 
top buds may start and be killed, the lower will remain dormant until the 
shoots are shortened. The exact length to which the shoots should be cut 
can only be determined by their strength. As a rule, weak growths may be 
shortened to 2 inches, medium to 4, strong to 5 or 6, more or less 
according to circumstances. If a great number of flowers for cutting for 
room-decoration should be preferred to a few large blooms, the strong shoots 
of established dwarf Roses may be pegged down instead of being closely 
pruned. Such depressed growths will flower from almost every joint; but 
newly planted Roses should be rather closely pruned the first year, not 
pegging down the shoots till the following season, when the plants will be 
firmly rooted, and can thus support the extended growths. 
Earwigs and Chrysanthemums (J. A. E .).—Earwigs are highly destruc" 
tive, devouring the young leaves near the tips of the shoots in summer, and 
eating the florets of the flowers when the plants ar- under glass in the 
autumn. Hollow bean stalks, elder stems, or anything of that kind placed 
amongst the plants are often taken possession of by tarwigs and should be 
examined every morning and the occupants taken care of; small flower pots 
with a little dry moss in them placed near the stems of the plants or fixed 
amongst them on sticks are also useful. But nothing equals a rigid personal 
search for the pests after dark, and every bloom intended for exhibition 
should be closely examined with the aid of a lamp at nine or ten o’clock every 
night. Earwigs are “ on the move ” then, but quickly hide themselves in 
the blooms, so that the light should be turned on suddenly, and a quick eye 
and nimble finger will do the rest. It is because the pests will lurk in full 
blooms in the daytime that traps such as those alluded to are not com¬ 
pletely effectual. All the varieties in your list are good for exhibition, and 
you cannot do better than stage the largest, best formed, and freshest blooms 
you can cut at the time of the shew. Golden George Glenny and Mrs. 
Dixon a'e the same, and these with others of the “ Rundle type” are not 
always large mougb, but are occasionally seen in the front rows of winning 
stands. You do not indicate how many blooms you wish to exhibit, and 
you cannot do better than turn to the reports of last year’s shows, and you 
will see the names of the varieties in winning stands large and small. If 
you exhibit either blooms or plants, it is important that they be neatly and 
correctly named, and we strongly advise you to spell the names as you find 
them printed in the Journal or catalogues. There is no such variety as 
“Miss Hales,” but there is a Mrs. Heale, which is probably what you mean, 
nor is there a “ Blound Duty,” which you have written for Blonde Beauty; 
and there are other curious inaccuracies in your list. 
Planting Crocuses in Lawns ( R. A., Athlone ).—Your letter, dated the 
3rd insc., is the first we have received from you on the subject. Crocuses 
and other bulbs are planted informally in the grass of eom; of the London 
parks. In some places they are in clumps not far from the margins of 
shrubberies, wilh a few bulbs dotted here and there singly between the 
clumps, so that when in flower they appear as if they had spread naturally 
from the borders for several feet into the grass. In other cases they are 
planted singly but informally—that is, not in rows, so as to form sheets of 
colour, the bulbs being inserted from 1 to 2 feet apart, more or less accord¬ 
ing as they arc near or oistant from the walks; the nearer they are the 
closer they must be put in for producing a good effect. The present is a 
good time for planting, squares of turf being cut out, the soil beneath well 
stirred so that water can pass from it freely, the bulbs placed in and the turf 
pressed in position again. In very poor or heavy ground it is very desirable 
to remove some of it and add fresh for insuring the growth and inciease of 
the bulbs, but in many lawns that is not necessary provided the soil is 
stirred and sand is added if of a heavy nature. Some persons simply make 
holes in grass with pointed sticks, press in the bulbs and tread in the grass 
over them ; but that is not a good plan, as they are then practically sus¬ 
pended in the pointed cavities, and these in firm wet ground act as so many 
miniature water traps, preventing the growth and causing the decay of the 
bulbs. The better the soil is and the more careful the planting the more 
satisfactory will the results be, as bulbous plants cannot increase and mul¬ 
tiply in unsuitable soil. Lawns in which bulbs are planted should not be 
mown in the spring until the l aves of the bulbous plants are matured and 
commencing to decay. 
Names of Fruits—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to 
be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not nece-sarily required for publication, initials sufficing tor that. (J. F. C.). 
—StriDed Beefing. (F. Martin). —1, Cellini; 2, Reinette de Canada; 3, 
Summer Pearmatn ; 4, Hoary Morning; 5, One of the Crabs. (D. J.). —1, 
Sam Young; 2, Greenup’s Pippin; 3, Golden Harvey; 4, Dutch Codlin ; 5, 
Minshull Crab ; 6 and 7, uncertain. ( N. II. Pownall )—Pears:—1, Beurrd 
Coloma ; 2, Autumn Nelis. Apples :—1, Rosemary Russet; 2, Adams’ 
Pearmain. ( Joseph Lane). —1, Hollandbury; 2, Summer Beurrd d’Arem- 
bere; 3, B urrd Clairpeau. (P., Surrey). —2, Carel’s Seedling; 4, Flower 
of Kent; 6, Sturmer Pippin; 6, Braddick’s Nonpareil. (W G.).—1, Cellini; 
3, Grosse Ca ebasse ; 4, Baronne de Mello ; 5, Flemish Beauty. ( Oakfield ).— 
1, Hubbard’s Pearmain; 5, Court Perdu Plat; 6, Dutnelow’s Seedling. 
(J. E. R.). —1. Paradise d’Automne ; 2, Swan’s Egg; 3, Bois Napoleon; 5, 
Winter Nelis ; the Apple is Sweeny Nonpareil. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, no r 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spo es. Specimens should anive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves foim the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(IF. E. B .).—1, Last ea Sieboldi; 2, Gymnogamma tartarea ; 3, Lastrea 
glabella ; 4, Asplenium palmatum ; 5, Niphobolus lingua ; 5, Polystichum 
capense. (C. C Arnsine ).—1, Impatiens cristata ; 2, Lysimachia lanceo- 
lata, 3, Galega officinalis. (A Young Gardener). —1, Tradescantia zebrira ; 
2, Echeveria retusa ; 3, Sempervivum arboreum variegatum ; 4, Selaginella 
Krausstana ; 5, Euonymus japonicus medio aureus ; 6, Cordyline indivisa. 
<W. C.).—Eccremocarpus scaber. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— October 7th. 
Large supplies of Jersey Grapes clearing at low prices. Cobs inclined to fall 
iu price. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples .. .. 
A sieve 
i 
0 
to S 
6 
Peaches . 
per doz. 
2 
0 to 8 
0 
Cobs, Kent .. 
per 100 lbs. 24 
0 
26 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs .. .. 
dozen 
0 
8 
0 
9 
,, dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
X 
6 
Grapes .. .. 
0 
6 
3 
0 
Pine Apples English .. lb. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lemons .. .. 
.. case 
15 
0 
SI 
0 
Plums. 
4 sieve 
1 
8 
2 
0 
Melons .. 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Strawberries.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges.. .. 
8 
8 
12 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
3 
e 
7 
8 
VEGETABLES. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d 
8. 
d. 
s. d 
Artichokes .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lettuce. 
dozen 
1 
0 to 
1 
0 
Asparagus 
. bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
bunch 
0 
i 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
1 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
e 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
bunch 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Cauliflowers .. 
dozen 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery .. .. 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera .. .. 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dcz. 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale .. .. per basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers 
each 
0 
s 
0 
6 
Shallots. 
.. it. 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Endive .. .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Heros .. .. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. . 
.. lb. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks 
bunch 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
SOME LESSONS OF THE YEAR. 
Green manuring has again been done as extensively as 
possible, especially upon two poor farms where the land was 
so foul that when they came into our hands last April an 
excessive proportion of land had been left for a long fallow. 
Prompt measures were at once taken to clean and sow as 
much of it as possible with White Mustard, selected in pre¬ 
ference to other green crops because of its quick growth. 
Fairly strong growth from the first sowing upon poor land is 
insured by the application of a hundredweight of nitrate of 
soda, and then by ploughing in the green crop when it is in 
flower, and repeating the process without the nitrate of soda, 
we impart an ample store of fertility to the soil. Avoiding 
nicety of calculation, the high value of green manuring may 
be shown by the fact that the ordinary green crop of an acre 
contains about half a hundredweight of phosphoric acid, a 
hundredweight of nitrogen, and a hundredweight of potash. 
Now, to plough in such a dressing of manure is to enrich 
the soil sufficiently to insure, so far as manure can do, a full 
crop of either corn or roots ; but when it is remembered that 
by an immediate second sowing we may add considerably to 
this rich store of fertility in the soil at a much less cost than 
was entailed upon us by long fallows, surely it should require 
no argument to induce a general adoption of a process so 
clearly to every farmer’s advantage. 
Charlock was very plentiful this year in every county we 
visited. What was done to combat and overcome this pest, 
which is spreading far and wide so fast as to be literally a 
growing evil ? We have already called attention to our own 
process of eradication, and may usefully do so again. As 
much land as could be dealt with in the fine weather with 
which we were favoured last autumn was pared and all the 
foul rubbish burnt. It was then ploughed, and early this 
spring it was sowed with White Mustard, as we had enough 
ashes from the autumn fires to afford a moderate dressing 
before the ploughing. No nitrate of soda was used. Up 
sprang the Charlock and Mustard together, and when this 
mixsd growth was in full flower the whole of it was ploughed 
in and Mustard again sown. Another crop of Charlock came 
up with it, and the process of ploughing in was repeated. 
It was then optional for us to do this a third time; and 
although a third sowing may suffer from drought, yet if there 
is any reason to suppose more seed of Charlock can be stirred 
up it ought certainly to be done. We thus get rid of an 
enemy in the best way of all by making a friend of it, for 
Charlock is very beneficial to the soil when ploughed into 
before it has run fully to seed. 
