502 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ December 8, 1888. 
Wigtonshire. —Mr. P. Lemon, gardener to J. F. Hathorn, Esq., Castle 
Wigs', Whithorn, had thirty-one dishes of green and small fruit. 
England. —The English Apples were largely shown on the tables, a 
large number of these being undistinguishable from the average Scotch as 
to size and qnftlity. This of course refers to those from the north of 
England, as the large collection from Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle, and 
others. Kent sent the finest collection in the Show, that of Messrs. G. 
Bunyard & Sons, Maidstone ; while the best from gardens was that of Mr. 
Smith, gardener to the Earl of Rosebery, Mentmore, Bucks. As with the 
Scotch counties, we shall take these in their alphabetical order. 
Buckinghamshire .—As above noted, Mr. Smith forwarded the finest col¬ 
lection shown by gardeners, and consisted of 180 dishes of Apples, several 
of which were duplicates. The fruit was of good size and well coloured, 
the more remarkable being Blenheim Pippin, Bess Pool, Ecklinville, 
Warner’s King, Gloria Mundi, Waltham Abbey Seedling, Cox’s Pomona, 
Hanwell Souring, Alfriston, Golden Spire, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, and Lady 
Henniker. Mr. G. T. Miles, gardener to Lord Carrington, Wycombe Abbey, 
sent twenty-six dishes Pears and thirty-four of Apples. Of the former, 
Beurre Diel and Glou Morgeau were good, and of the latter, Dumelow’s 
Seedling, Warner’s King, Golden Noble, and Mere de Menage. 
Cumberland. —Messrs. Little <fc Ballantyne, Carlisle, set up 560 dishes, 
mainly from the gardens of this county. Much of the fruit was small and 
green, though much of it, on the other hand, was good. Lord Suffield, 
Brabant Bellefleur, Melon, Warner’s King, Gloria Mundi, and Bank Apple 
were among the best sorts. 
Durham. —Mr. Hunter, gardener to Earl of Durham, Lambton, sent fifty 
dishes of very green fruit, though generally of good size, Lord Suffield and 
Lord Derby the best. 
Hei efordshire .—From Mr. Watkins, Pomona Farm, Withington, came 210 
dishes and eighty of the cider kinds, which attracted much attention from 
their beautiful colouring. The other sorts were also very highly coloured. 
Tom Putt, Mere de Menage, Calville Rouge, Royal Codlin, Greaves’ Pippin, 
Yorkshire Beauty, and Flanders Pippin were the most noticeable in this lot. 
Kent. —Messrs. G. Bunyard ifc Son, Maidstone, showed 300 dishes, the 
finest samples being Cox’s Orange, Gascoigne’s Seedling, Dutch Mignonne, 
Lady Henniker, Cox’s Pomona, New Hawthornden, Melon, Wellington, 
Warner’s King, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Lord Derby, Mere de Menage, 
Annie Elizabeth, Blenheim Pippin, Hoary Morning, Gloria Mundi, 
Alexander, Worcester Pearmain, Reinette Van Mons, Nanny, Cornish 
Aromatic, Stirling Castle, Golden Noble, Duchess of Gloucester, 
&c., very fine. Pears—Beurre Ranee, Beurre Diel, Doyennd de Comice, 
Durondeau, Marie Benoist, &c. Mr. McLean, gardener to Jas. 
Whatman, Esq., Vinters Park, Maidstone, had forty dishes, of which the 
best were Scone Pippin, Blenheim Pippin, Warner’s King, &c. Mr. R. 
Young, 52, High Street. Sittingbourne, thirty dishes of fairly good Apples 
and a few Pears. Mr. Killick, Langley, a few dishes of fine fruit, including 
Stevens’ Seedling, Tower of Glamis, King of the Pippins, and Blenheim 
Pippin. 
Yorkshire. —Mr. Tindal, gardener to Sir Joseph Copley, Bart., Sprot- 
borough Hall, Doncaster, sent about thirty dishes of Pears and a few fairly 
good Apples. Mr. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall, Guisborough, twenty-one dishes 
of green Apples. 
Wales was poorly represented, only three collections having been 
forwarded. 
Denbigh. —Mr. Loundan, The Quinta, Chirk, sent 100 dishes of good 
fruits, the finest being New Hawthornden, Ecklinville, Warner’s King, 
Gloria Mundi, Peasgood’s Nonsuch, and Stirling Castle. 
Ireland. —Half a dozen exhibitors hailed from Ireland, some of the 
fruit being good, and much of it small and green. 
Antrim. —Mr. C. Warwick, gardener to Lord O’Niel, Shanes Castle, 
Antrim, sent seventy-two dishes of generally small, though some of it fairly 
good, fruits. 
Co. Down. —Messrs. Rogers, M'Clellan, & Co., Newry, sent forty dishes 
of good well-coloured fruits, English Codlin, Warner’s King, and Catshead 
being best. Mr. Backburn, Abbotstown Gardens, Castlerock, also sent a 
collection. 
Galway. —Mr. Cobham, Garbally Gardens, Ballinasloe, sent sixty dishes, 
of which Alfriston, Peasgood’s Nonsuch, and Cox’s Orange were good. 
Mayo. —Mr. R. Farrell, Westport, sent thirty dishes of good well-coloured 
fruit. 
Sligo. —Thirty-five dishes of poor fruit came from this county. 
Wexford. —Mr. Turner, Courtown, Gorey, had seventy dishes of good 
fruit, some of the best were Dumelow’s Seedling, Cox’s Pomona, Golden 
Noble, and Blenheim Pippin. 
Wicklow. —One collection of ninety-six dishes came from this county, 
wanting in size and colour of fruit. 
Switzerland. —Herr Strasse, Insbruck, Tyrol, showed eight dishes of 
beautiful clear-coloured fruit, though not of great size. 
Nova Scotia. — From here cami 110 sorts, many of these were very 
remarkable for size. Some of the finest were Esopus Spitzenberg, Hoary 
Morning, Waggoner, Harris, Biglow, Mother, Blenheim Pippin, extra ; Fox 
Pippin, Gloria Mundi, Calashen, Fameuse, Rymer, Gravenstein, Maiden’s 
Blush, King of Tompkins County, extra; Golden Russet, and Kaign’s 
Spitzenberg. 
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Rutland—Mr. Ingram, Belvoir Gardens, showed thirty-seven dish°s of 
Pears, of which the following were fine :—Beurrd d’Anjou, Beurre Clairgeau, 
General Todtleben, Pitmaston Duchess, and Huyshe’s Bergamot ; and fifty- 
eight dishes of Apples, of which Lord Lennox, Flower of Kent, Cox’s 
Pomona, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Golden Noble, Lord Derby, Warner’s King, 
and Blenheim Pippin were very fine. 
Leicester .—M ssrs. Harrison & Sons, Leicester, sent a good collection, 
Lord Melbourne being the moit noticeable kind. 
Middlesex. —Messrs. Veitch it Sons, Fulham Nurseries, London, sent a 
fine collection consisting of 145 sorts of Apples and seventy-four sorts of 
Pears. Some of the finest examples of Apples were Bismarck, King of the 
Pippins, Gloria Mundi, Mere de Menage, Warner’s King, Barker’s Seedling, 
Hollandbury, Sandringham, Flower of Kent, Stirling Castle, Beauman’s 
Red Reinette. Of Pears, Duchesse d’Augouleme, Beurre Diel, Huyshe’s 
Prince Consort and Victoria, Beurre Clairgeau, Knight’s Monarch, Glou 
Morgeau, and Forelle were best. Mr. Barron, the Royal Horticultural 
Society’s Gardens, Chiswick, sent 100 sorts Apples and 100 of Pears ; of the 
latter were grand examples of Duchesse d’Angouleme, Passe Crassane, 
Triomphe de Jodoigne, Beurre Bachelier, Marie B moist, Beurrb d’Anjou, 
Marechal de Cour, and Mardchal Vaillant ; and of Apples, Stone Apple, 
Alexander, Scnall’s Admirable, Mrs. Barron, Golden Noble, Beauman’s Red 
Winter Reinette. 
A orfolk. Mr. S. Castle, West Lynn, King’s Lynn, sent forty-five dishes, 
some of these being very good, notably so Warner’s King, Mere de Menage, 
Yorkshire Beauty, Norfolk Beaufin, and Hawthornden. 
Northumberland .—There were four exhibitors from this county. Mr. 
Inglis, gardener to Lord Grey, Howick, had 110 dishes Apples and 200 Pears. 
Of the latter very good dishes of Hacon’s Incomparable, Beurre Diel, and 
Duchesse d’Angouleme from cordons. Some of the Apples were very small. 
Amongst the best were Catshead, Gravenstein, Mere de Menage, Costard, 
Red Autumn Calville, Yorkshire Beauty, Warner’s King, and Alfriston. 
Mr. Harris, gardener to the Duke of Northumberland, Alnwick Castle, sent 
thirty-two dishes Pears and 114 of Apples. Of the former Souvenir du 
Congress, Beurre Superfin, Marie Louise, and Josephine de Malines were 
good. Mr. McAdams, Haggerstone Castle, sent sixty-eight dishes, some of 
the fruit being gooi, but much of it small; and from Mr. Berrie, gardener 
to the Earl of TankerviUe, Chillingham Castle, eighteen dishes of well- 
coloured good examples. 
Shropshire— Mr. Jessels, Aquicote House, Newport, sent twenty dishes 
of rather poor fruits, and from Mr. Sherwood, gardener to J. C. B. Boroughs. 
Esq., Chetwynd Park, Newport, sixty-four dishes of Apples and forty-one of 
Pears, all of which were rather small in size. 
Surrey.- Mr. Burnett, The Deepdene, Dorking, sent eighty-six dishes of 
Apples and thirty of Pear3. Of the former very good examples of Hormead 
Pearmain, Cox’s Pomona, and Hollandbury, and of the latter Beurrd Bose 
was of large size. 
Sussex.— Mr. Rust, gardener to the Marquis of Abergavenny, Erid<*e 
Castle, had 100 dishes of Apples and twenty of Pears, generally of -poor 
quality for the south of England. J f 
Worcester. —From Mr. Ritchie, Eirdenton, Gardens, Worcester, 120 dishes 
ot Apples, and thirty of Pears. The Apples being mostly small, though well 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Winter Pruning .—For many years it has been a settled plan with U3 
to try and get the winter pruning of fruit trees as forward as possible 
before Christmas. Pears, Plums, and Cherries ate usually done first, then 
come the Apples, bush fruit, and, lastly, wall trees generally. The only 
thing left late in the season is the pruning of Nuts and Filberts, all which 
are left till pollen is so plentiful in the catkins that the impregnation of 
the female blossom is insured. When the pruning is left till January cold 
weather not unfrequently sets in with such severity that the work is 
hindered, and there is some risk of spring being upon us before it is done. 
Therefore let no opportunity be lost of pushing on the work. Thin all 
crowded spur and branch growth, for without free admission of air and 
light amoDg the branches the trees cannot continue healthy nor the fruit 
become fully developed. Often have we gone over our favourite trees 
again and again before we became fully satisfied with our work. Our 
object in pruning, too, is not only to render a tree fruitful, but to insure 
so far as we can the production of really fine fruit. No doubt fruit¬ 
thinning contributes materially to this, but we prefer first of all to keep 
lateral growth thin, and also to thin the fruit when necessary. Avoid 
excessive pruning of Cherry trees; they are always liable to suffer so 
much from severe pruning that trees so treated often die. We have loR 
many trees from this cause, the sorts which have suffered most being 
Morello, Kentish, Early Purple Gean, Duchesse de Palluau, Early Rivers, 
and Transparent. 
Lateral growth shortened to 6 or 8 inches in August must now he 
pruned to two or three buds. Do not prune with a long oblique cut, but 
rather with a short one, taking especial care that the bottom part of the 
cut is above the bud, in order that there may be plenty of tissue around 
the base of the bud to insure a full free flow of sap to it when growth 
begins. Making one side of the cut below the bud is a common error, a 
piece of slovenly careless practice to be avoided. See that the growth of 
all young trees is shortened sufficiently to insure a free lateral growth, and 
take care that the lower branches of pyramids and palmette verriers have 
a sufficient start to insure robust growth before the upper branches make 
much progress. Do not prune the shoots of Fig trees now ; thin them, if 
necessary, leaving enough to be tied in thickly. It is from the buds near 
the tips of the branches that we shall obtain the fruit crop next year. 
Stake and tie securely espaliers and other trees requiring supports ; 
also examine the supports and fastenings of newly planted trees occa¬ 
sionally, and see that no roots or stems become loosened in the soil. 
Of bush fruits prune away the old wood of Raspberries and Black¬ 
berries, and tie in new growths for next year’s crop. Raspberries a-e 
shortened to about 4 feet, it is quite immaterial whether Blackberries 
are shortened or not : but it is important to have new growth for fruiting 
aud not old spurred growth. Thin out Black Currant wood, cutting old 
crowded growth clean down to the ground. Red and White Currants and 
Gooseberries may also be pruned now, and the bushes should then be 
