522 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ December 0, 1835. 
man, Atherston, sent samples of an Apple called Paekington Free Bearer, a 
local dessert variety in use November and December, said to be a very free 
bearer. The Committee thought it 11 a nice Apple, but not so good as others 
in cultivation.” Mr. Hutchison, Haggerston Castle, Northumberland, also 
sent an Apple of oblong form, but unnamed. 
Floral Committee. —Present : G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the chair, and 
Messrs. James O’Brien, Henry Williams, H. M. Pollett, J. Dominy, H. Ballan- 
tine, John Fraser, T. Baines, J. James, H. Herbst, W. Bealby, H. Bennett, 
J. Child, Shirley Hibberd, James Douglas, H. Cannell, W. B. Kellock, 
M. T. Masters, James Hudson, H. Turner, G. Duffield, and F. R. Kinghorn. 
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., showed several interesting and beauti¬ 
ful seedling Calanthes from C. vestita, C. Yeitchii, and others, one of the 
best being C. porphyrea, which was certificated. C. burfordiensis has a 
large rich crimson flower, similar to a highly coloured C. Yeitchi; C. ama- 
bilis, also one of the Veitchii group, and has rosy flowers with a white eye ; 
C. aurantiaca, one of the vestita section, has white flowers and a deep 
orange centre ; C. casta, of the same type, being pure white. They are all 
very beautiful forms, and attracted much attention. Messrs. J. Veitch and 
■Sons, Chelsea, showed a plant of Chrysanthemum Domination, a free-flower¬ 
ing variety with white, flat, or slightly quilled, spreading, and drooping 
florets. C. Dorman, Esq., The Firs, Laurie Park, Sydenham (gardener, 
Mr. White) sent a plant of Odontoglossum Humeanum, with white flowers 
—the lip white, the sepals brown, and the petals barred with yellow at the 
base. It is like a fine O. maculatum. W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, 
Chislehurst, sent a specimen of Barkeria Vanneriana, with lilac purple 
flowers, narrow sepals and petals, with a white blotch in the lip. Mr. 
Rallend, Hampstead Heath, showed a distinct variety, said to be a sport 
from Chrysanthemum Duchess of Albany, which in general character much 
resembles Belle Paule, the florets recurved or drooping, slightly fluted, 
yellow edged with red. Mr. J. James, Woodside, Farnham Royal, ex¬ 
hibited plants of Primula Purity and Argus, both Fern-leaved, the 
former with a large, substantial, well-form d, pure white flower; the 
other of a crimson tint. M ssrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, exhibited 
stems of Boussingaultia baselloides, a peculiar trailing p'ant from South 
America, with slender stems bearing numerous tubers. A vole of thanks 
was awarded. 
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, had a beautiful collection of Zonal 
Pelargonium blooms, comprising the following admirable varieties :—Kate 
Greenaway, bright pink ; Norah, blush white ; Crocus, scarlet; Eurydice, 
bright pink; Jealousy Improved, orange scarlet ; F. Kauffer, violet crimson ; 
Queen of the Belgians, pure white; and Swanley Gem, salmon with a white 
eye, very large and handsome. A stand of the superb double Ivy-leaf 
Pelargonium Madame Thibautwas also shown, the flowers of good form and 
very full. A collection of single and Anemone Chrysanthemums tastefully 
arranged also added much interest to this collection. A silver-gilt Banksian 
medal was awarded to Messrs. H. Page & Son, Teddington, for a group of 
about 300 Cyclamens of varied tints, the pure white Albion being exceed¬ 
ingly fine, as also were Queen of the White and October White. 
First-class certificates were awarded for the following plants :— 
Calanthe porphyrea (Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P.).—A lovely hybrid 
partaking of the hematodes in the form of the flower, the lip cupped and 
spurred, light in the centre with a few darker spots, the other portion with 
the small acute sepals and petals being brilliant rosy crimson. 
Chrysanthemum Boule de Neige (R. Owen, Maidenhead).—A decorative 
reflexed variety of great merit. The blooms of moderate size, the florets 
flat, equally spreading, and pure white. The plant is dwarf in habit, very 
free, and late. 
Chrysanthemum Queen of the Yellows (H. Cannell & Sons).—A single 
variety with even-spreadiDg bright yellow rosy florets. Very neat and 
pretty. 
Scientific Committee. —The Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen in the chair 
Sclerotia in Stems of Chrysanthemums. —Examples of these describel by 
Mr. W. G. Smith in The Gardener’s Chronicle were forwarded by him, as 
also an abnormal form of Lentinus lepideus (Agaricini), closely resembling 
a branching Clavaria, from a coal-pit near Stoke-upon-Trent. It is often 
phosphorescent when in this state in mines. 
Produce of Large Palmate Potato. —A Potato much resembling a hand in 
form was sent to the Scientific Committee in November, 1884. It weighed 
15 ozs. On being planted the produce in 1885 was 8 lbs., or more than 800 
per cent. Such a result would seem to corroborate those at Chiswick— 
namely, that whole sets usually give a much greater produce than those 
which have been cut, the former presumably supplying more nourishment, 
and, therefore, greater vigour on commencement of growth. 
Pesults of Experiments on Earthing of Potatoes at Chiswick. —Dr. Masters 
brought a preliminary report, observing that through the absence of 
Peronospora, as in 1884, the object of the experiment failed; but the general 
results of produce under the different methods of treatment corroborated 
6* those of last year. He summarised them as follows :—1, Earthing up pro¬ 
duces a crop of more uniform and of superior quality, even if less in quantity ; 
2, that bending the haulms occasions a diminished yield ; 3, that a larger 
aggregate produce is derived from planting whole tubers than from the em¬ 
ployment of cut sets. It was suggested that the Sub-Committee should 
continue the experiment next year, but with fewer ro ws, and confine the 
observations to testing the Jensenian method of moulding should the disease 
occur. 
Delphinium, fasciated. —Mr. Boulger exhibited specimens, about 5 feet 
long, which had occurred on the same plant for two or three years. Dr. 
Masters observed that a Holly, var. Doningtonensis, is particularly liable to 
fasciatien, as also are the Hollies at Bearwood, Bagshot. Mr. Boulger was 
inclined to attribute it to poverty of soil. Hon. and Rev. Mr. Boscawen 
remarked that fasciated stems often occurred from the same root of 
Asparagus. 
Deserve Materials of Plants in Delation to Disease. —Rev. G. Henslow 
called attention to a paper by Mr. D. P. Penhallon in the “ Canadian Record 
of Science ” (vol. i., No. 4, October, 1855), in which the author fully cor¬ 
roborated a single result of a large series of experiments carried on at 
Houghton Farm in 1883, to ascertain (amongst other objects) a cure for 
Peach Yellows. In only one instance was the Early York Peach very 
decidedly benefited by the special manures applied, and that was with 
muriate of potash. “ Instead of small abnormal and coloured leaves in early 
July, the foliage developed into organs of good size and a fine healthy 
colour, while the growth was also fine (1883).” The cause of the disease he 
had found to be localisation of starch in the bark, &c., during the summer, 
instead of its being utilised for growth. In the author's latest communica¬ 
tion he calls attention to the fact that in 1871, Wobbe and Schroeder 
demonstrated by their experiments on Buckwheat the influence which 
may be exerted upon the distribution of reserve material by an abnormal 
food supply. Chlorine and potash were found to have important bearings 
upon the products of assimilation ; potash being essential to the formation 
of reserve matters, while chlorine was found to bear a most important rela¬ 
tion to their final distribution, and that by withholding chlorine, starch 
accumulated in the bark and leaves, particularly in young growth. Re¬ 
storation of chlorine gradually effected the distribution of starch and 
restored the normal state of health. Acting on these results, and applying 
them to the case of Peach yellows Mr. Penhallon gives the following 
analyses to show the beneficial results of a similar application of chlorine. 
FRUIT OF CRAWFORD’3 
EARLY. 
WOOD OF 
DITTO. 
Healthy. 
Diseased. 
Restored. 
Diseased. 
Ferric acid. 
,. 0-58 
0 46 
0-52 
1-45 
Calcium oxide ... 
,. 264 
4 63 
54-52 
64-28 
Magnesium oside, 
.. 629 
5-49 
7-58 
10-28 
Phosphoric acid . 
. 16-02 
18-07 
11-37 
8-37 
Potassium oxide , 
.. 74-46 
71 30 
26 01 
15 67 
100 00 
100-00 
100-00 
100-00 
These analyses, before and after the application of the muriate of potash, 
made it at once clear that in the diseased the ash contains more phosphoric 
acid and lime and less potash. Consequently a number of diseased trees 
were treated with muriate of potash. “ After the lapse of a few years they 
lost all appearance of disease, and were restored to such a condition of 
health that up to the present time they have been most profitable in their 
production of fruit.” . . . Hence, “ So far as chemical data could deter¬ 
mine, the. disease was caused by, or, at least, associated with, imperfect 
nutrition (1885).” 
Crocuses, Dried Specimen of. —Col. Clarke exhibited a series of twenty- 
five species, illustrating the various characters of the perianth and stigmas 
the latter organ being regarded as an important c.lassificatory character. 
The Chairman .—As this was the last Meeting a vote of thanks was pro¬ 
posed by Dr. Masters, and seconded by Col. Clarke, to the Chairman, Sir 
J. D. Hooker, and the hope was expressed that he would continue to hold 
the office in the ensuing year. 
PINE APPLE PLANTS IN WINTER. 
The wintering of Pine Apple plants is a more difficult matter than 
growing them in summer. Those with perfect houses and a complete 
system of heating may think little or nothing about getting their plants 
safely through the winter, as the change from summer, so far as heat is 
concerned, will be slight; but many others with old houses and pits 
and deficient heat, will be less sanguine, and may experience much 
difficulty in keeping the plants healthy. We have only one row of 4-inch 
piping round our Pine house here. It is rather a large lean-to house, and 
from October until April the temperature is often so low as 40°. A pit 
for successional plants is much the same, and gave us a great deal of 
anxiety ; but I do not mind it much now. At first we watered our plants 
at the roots, in much the same way as I had been in the habit of doing in 
a temperature of 65° ; but this I soon found would never do, as the foliage 
became quite yellow by the spring and the plants so unhealthy that it 
took them a long time to recover after the good weather came. This does 
not happen now, however, as we have got into the habit of dealing very 
sparingly with the water in the winter. Suckers potted in September 
have received no water as yet, and probably they will not be given any 
until after they have been transferred to their fruiting pots in March. 
They are plunged in leaves with a gentle bottom heat, and the condition 
of their soil might be termed rather dry, but they root freely in this, and 
the leaves are as healthy and green as we could desire. 
The successional plants were watered about the middle of October, and 
unless it is those which are started into growth in January, no more 
water will be given them until March. Those in fruit receive a little 
more water, but very little, and it is always mixed with a small quantity 
of guano. Altogether the whole of our Pines are kept decidedly on the 
side of dryness from October until March, and in my opinion it is simply 
astonishing how well they succeed in a very low temperature when parti¬ 
cular attention is paid to this condition.—J. Muir, Margam. 
THE INSECT ENEMIES OF ODR GARDEN CROPS. 
THE CABBAGE. 
( Continued from page 365.) 
Both in gardens and in fields the Cabbage suffers from injects which 
would often be greatly reduced in number, or altogether absent, were 
more care bestowed upon the soil previ us to sowing or planting. Rotation 
of crops, too, is a capital practice, but sometimes the result is that the 
enemies of one vegetable, having done execution upon that, are left, 
almost undisturbed, in the ground ready to begin operations upon another 
vegetable that next occupies the space. Not unfrequently it happens that 
Cabbages are grown upon land where there has previously been corn, 
grass, or Turnips. It does not surprise us, then, to hear a complaint that 
they have gone wrong through the insidious attacks of wireworm or the 
crane-fly maggot, involving trouble and loss which might have been 
avoided had suitable measures been taken. One important point is, with 
reference to the wireworm especially, that, as far as possible, the soil 
should be well broken up, no lumps of earth or tangles of roots being left 
