542 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ December 17, 1885. 
Mr. Oliver in saying it ought to be more widely known, as it is undoubt¬ 
edly the best all-round Cabbage I know. We are cutting daily from a 
large square of them which have come through a series of very severe 
frosty nights last week, and to-day they seem as fresh and plump as 
before the frost, which proves it to be a very hardy Cabbage. 
My chief object in writing was, if possible, to prevent this old variety 
being sent out under a new name, and it would be to the interest of the 
public if nurserymen’s catalogues contained a less number of synoymous 
names.— David Inglis, Horvieh, Lesbury, Northumberland. 
[Mr. Inglis has sent us seed, and the two stocks referred to shall be 
fairly tested.] 
THE HORTICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 
We are fast approaching towards the end of another year, and it may 
not be out of place to “ take stock ” of what are the prospects of horti¬ 
culture in the future. We know that sometimes the “ unexpected 
happens,” and it may be that the material prosperity of the country, 
which has shown in recent years some signs of backgoing, will now 
progress by leaps and bounds. This is no doubt a sanguine view of 
matters, and is not, I fear, very generally shared in. It will have to be 
conceded, I fear, that no such great improvement will take place, and 
there are many reasons for thinking that such is most likely. The 
agricultural outlook is not so bright and flourishing as it was twenty 
years ago. The boundless stores of other lands are now so easily trans¬ 
ported to this country that the farmer will have to face this kind of com¬ 
petition, always in the future in a great degree, and even in a much 
greater degree than that at the present time. This means reduced rents, 
and consequently reduced landlord’s incomes ; and they in turn must be 
further compelled to reduce expenses, and also to try and enlarge their in¬ 
comes by means which most of them in more prosperous times would not 
have thought of. Selling farm and garden produce is now quite common 
among landed proprietors, and one can hardly blame them. At the same 
time they are reducing working expenses in every way possible, and this 
means a loss to the working man. It is, indeed, true that one class 
cannot be independent of another, and in this present crisis the straits of 
certain classes are making themselves felt on all. 
Those who make a living by horticultural products are of course feel¬ 
ing very severely the “ hard times.” Look for instance at the prices ob¬ 
tained for Grapes in Covent Garden and other markets in the country at 
the present time. They are simply ridiculously low. It may be urged 
that this is the result of over-production. No doubt this has something to 
do with it. But the over-production is caused more by gentlemen selling 
the produce of their gardeus, and by the general public not giving so many 
dinner parties, than by the quantiiy produced being in excess of the de¬ 
mands of the nation if only trade were good and rents had not come 
down. At the same time, if such a state of matters is to continue some 
growers must go to the wall, and things will in some measure right them¬ 
selves by bringing about the “ survival of the fittest.” This is not a 
pleasant prospect to contemplate, but it must be faced. 
Emigration must be more and more increased if our countrymen are 
to find scope for trade, and also “ ways and means ” of living. “ Greater 
Britain ” must in the future receive from her more ancient and somewhat 
failing progenitor more of her sons and daughters, so that they may find 
room to grow and flourish, and also employment that will give them a 
due reward. Having had a good ueal of experience in regard to sending 
young men abroad to grow Tea, Coffee, C >tton, &e., I may venture to 
advise young gardeners who have good constitutions, and are of steady 
and moral habits, to seek engagements in some of the quarters of the 
globe where there are openings for enterprise and prospects of employ¬ 
ment which will yield a fairly good competence for after years. It 
must he admitted that ill times at home have also had a bad effect on the 
prospect of foreign enterprises too, but still there is more room for 
pushing young gardeners abroad than here. 
Compared with sixty years ago, of course, horticulture has made such 
wondrous strides that almost no comparison can be made ; but such 
enormous preparations have of late years been made to supply what till 
very lately appeared an ever-to-be-increasing demand for gardeners and 
all things required to stock gardens and carry them on, and also to 
supply the apparently quite unlimited public demand for fruit, flowers, 
and vegetables, that now, when things are either at a standstill or going 
back, tbere is a glut in the market, and produce is being disposed of at 
miserable prices for the vendors. 
There seems no way of getting out of this difficulty but by the old 
rule of supply and demand, and I fear many will have to suffer in the 
process.—H ortus. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM NOTES. 
National Chrysanthemum Society. —This Society held its last 
floral meeting of the year on Wednesday the 9th inst,, at the Koyal 
Aquarium, when many fine blooms were exhibited. The chair was 
occupied by the President, Mr. E. Sanderson, and amongst other members 
of the Committee present were Messrs. Holmes, Ballantine, N. Davis, R. 
Dean, H. Cannell, Gibson, Berry, and Swift. The variety Cullingfordi 
again occupied the attention of the Committee, Mr. Holmes pointing out 
that the variety being already published in the official catalogue as a 
Japanese, the decision at which the Committee arrived at their last meet¬ 
ing might lead to some confusion. After discussing the subject at some 
length it was agreed to refer the matter to the General Committee. 
Messrs. Drover, Fareham, submitted the following blooms of Japanese 
Chrysanthemums, and were awarded first-class ceitificates in each in¬ 
stance :—• 
White Dragon. —A large white flower, with broad florets, somewhat in 
way of Golden Dragon. 
Bicolor. —A promising American variety of the Mons. Desbrieux type ; 
colour reddish bronze, with distinct gold markings. 
Gloriosum. — A clear bright yellow flower, with slightly twisted 
florets. 
Messrs. Yeitoh & Sons were awarded first-class certificate for 
Pelican. —A large white Japanese, with broad florets, also of the 
Dragon type. 
Mr. N. Davis, Camberwell, showed a number of fine blooms, including 
several well-known varieties, such as Striatum and its parent Roseum 
Pictum, Thunberg, Boule d’Or, Sarnia, &e. The following five varieties, 
all Japanese, received first-class certificates. 
Jackson's Duchess of Albany. —A variety much resembling Brunette ; 
colour orange buff; a large and fine exhibition flower. 
Ceres. —A large pinkish white flower, very useful as a late variety. 
Japonaise. —Deep orange, with incurved florets, in way of Comte de 
Germiny. 
Mons. Burnet. —A very full flower, of a rosy peach colour. 
Ville de Toulouse. —A superb flower, of the richest violet amaranth, 
with silvery reverse, much admired. 
Messrs. Cannell & Sons showed an interesting collection of cut flowers 
of Chrysanthemums neatly arranged in bunches. One of the varieties, 
a large Anemone flower, was awarded a certificate. 
Catherine-wheel. —A strikingly distinct Anemone variety, with long 
narrow white spreading or drooping ray florets, and a bright yellow 
centre. 
Mr. R. Owen, Maidenhead, showed several plants of the dwaif white 
free-flowering reflexed flower, named Boule de Neige, which will be useful 
for decoration, and as such was certificated ; it was also so honoured on the 
previous day at Kensington. The total number of certificates awarded 
was eleven, the largest number given at any one meeting. A vote of 
thanks to Messrs. Cannell and Mr. N. Davis for their exhibits brought the 
meeting to a close. 
Chrysanthemum Cullingfordi.— Considerable discussion has 
taken place as to this variety being classed as a reflexed or Japanese, and 
as far as I can see we are not likely to bring the question to a satis¬ 
factory decision by argument. I think when the matter was brought 
before the Floral Committee of the National Chrysanthemum Society, and 
it was unanimously resolved to classify it as a reflexed flower, the reso¬ 
lution, as far as that Society was concerned, should have decided the 
matter. If the Committee could not decide with flowers actually before 
them, it is hardly likely that they can come to any satisfactory conclusion 
without blooms, which probably will not be forthcoming at their next 
meeting, when the question is to be re-opened. I have seen a considerable 
number of blooms of Cullingfordi both this season and last, and I never 
saw a better type of a reflexed flower outside the old Christine family. 
Cullingfordi was simultaneously sent out from several nurseries as a 
reflexed flower. It was certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society, 
and likewise by the National Society itself as a reflexed variety. It was 
also reported upon by the whole of the horticultural press as a reflexed 
variety. The usual custom would be to follow such a unanimous decision 
until good cause is shown to the contrary. I venture to say that as a 
Japanese flower it would rarely be shown in any good stand, and would 
soon be put on one side like Progne, Julia Lagravbre, and other favourites, 
simply because they are not large enough. I noted Mr. Barker’s remarks, 
and fail to see the resemblance of Cullingfordi to Pere Delaux. Has Mr. 
Barker got the variety correct ? I rather doubt it from his description.— 
A Grower. 
Chrysanthemums Mrs. Heale and Princess of Wales. —There 
seems to be some confusion respecting these varieties, and perhaps my 
opinion may be worth recording. Mrs. Heale is as distinct from what I will 
call White Princess as Lord Alcester is from Golden Empress, and more 
so. Tbere are two varieties ■ f Princess of Wales in cultivation—one a rosy 
pink with longitudinal lines of pearl grey, petals broad at the base and 
tapering to the point, and shell-shaped ; the upper half of this flower 
loses some portion of colour with ago, but before it has entirely lo t its 
distinctive colour in that respect the lower petals have turned to an 
absolute purple, thus rendering it practically unfit for exhibition purposes. 
This is what I take to be the original Princess of Wales. A very large 
flower is rarely seen. The other variety, which 1 call White Princess, and 
which is correctly named and described in the National Society’s cata¬ 
logue under that name, is a large flower, very frequently occupying a 
back row in good exhibition stands ; it is pearly white, slightly suffused 
with pink in colour, petals slightly narrower at the base than the true 
Princess, not quite so much incurved, and semi-transparent in texture. I 
have grown these two varieties for six or seven consecutive years, and 
they have always come true to their respective characters as I have here 
pourtrayed them. Mrs. Heale is a medium-sized flower, on an average like 
the true Princess of Wales ; the florets are as much incurved as its parent, 
and are about the width of those of White Princess. They are nearly 
opaque in texture, and vary in colour from milk white to creamy white, 
and have an almost imperceptible glaze on the outer surface.— 
A Northern Exhibitor. 
An American Chrysanthemum Show. — The Massachusetts 
Chrysanthemum Show, held last month in Boston, is said to have been 
