January 21, 188G. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
39 
blooms which have been grown at Swanmore Park. The list could 
be much increased, but will suffice as typical of large, medium, and 
smaller varieties. Larger measurements could be given, but not 
consistent with the depth and solidity required, these qualities being 
absolutely necessary for blooms to win in good company at the 
leading exhibitions. Flowers are often measured larger in diameter, 
particularly in the early season, but they lack depth and solidity ; 
therefore I should warn young beginners to pay more attention to 
depth than mere width, especially in the incurved section. The 
first figure following the name in the following list denotes the 
diameter of the flower in inches, and where a second figure is given 
that signifies the depth of the bloom. The best way to measure the 
blooms when on the plant is to place the left hand under the florets 
and gently raise them to a horizontal position, then with a rule 
passed under the size can be determined. In the case of irregular- 
petalled kinds it is not well to take the extreme outside size, but 
take a fair average measurement consistent with the depth of 
the flower. Sometimes one or two florets will have advanced a 
long way beyond the general quantity, and to measure such would 
be misleading, as all flowers of the same kind do not have these 
extra long florets In considering the depth allowance must be 
made for the reduction in that part which is made when incurved 
blooms are cupped ready for show, to allow of the petals being 
arranged in proper form, and reduces the flowers in depth consider¬ 
ably, because the weight of the petals without support has a 
tendency to deepen the blooms, and when measured in this manner 
disappointment often occurs when prepared for exhibition. Ours 
are generally measured when arranged on the stands ready for 
conveyance to the show. 
Japanese. —Mdme. Audiguier, 7 by 6 inches; Meg Merrilees, 9 inches; 
Fair Maid of Guernsey, 8J inches ; Comte de Germiny, 6 by 4 inches ; 
Elaine, 6 by 4 inches ; Baron de Prailly, 9 inches ; JeanneDelaux, 6 inches; 
Criterion, 6£ by 4 inches ; Boule d’Or, 8 by 5 inches ; Marguerite Marrouch, 
CJ by 41 inches ; Md)1“.Lacroix, 7£by4 inches; Hiver Fleuri, 6 by 4inches ; 
Peter the Great, G by 4 inches ; Mons. Tarin, 7£ inches; Thunberg, 7 by 
41 inches ; M. Ardene, 7 by 4 inches. 
Incurved. —Lord Wolseley, 6 inches; John Salter, 6 inches; Jeanne 
d’Arc, 5 by 4J ; Princess of Wales, 6 by 3 inches ; Empress of India, 6 by 
4 inches ; Queen of England, G by 4 inches ; Golden Empress, 51 by 3 inches ; 
Alfred Salter, 6 by 31 inches; Hero of Stoke Newington, 5 by 4 inches ; 
Princess Teck, 41 by 21 inches : Mrs. Bunn, 5 by 3 inches; Refulgence, 5 by 
3 inches; Barbara, 41 inches; Eve, 41 by 21 inches; Jardin des Plantes, 
54 inches ; Lady Haidinge, 41 by 21 inches. 
Reflexed.—K> ng of Crimsons, 6 by 4 inches; Golden Christine, 6 by 
3 inches ; Dr. Sharpe, 5 by 2J inches ; Cloth of Gold, 5 by 21 inches ; 
Mrs. Forsyth, 4J by 3j inches; Pink Christine, 41 by 3 inches. 
Anemone Japanese.—M dme. C!os, 61 inches; Mdme. Cabrol, 8inches; 
Soeur Dorothbe Souille, 6 inches ; Fabian de Mediana, 8 inches. 
Anemone Flowered.—-A cquisition, 6 inches ; Fleur de Marie, 5 inches ; 
Mrs. Pethers, 5 inches ; Gluck, 44 inches. 
—E. Molyneux. 
(To be continued.) 
TELE CULTIVATION OF THE LEMON. 
I know of few places in this country where the Lemon is 
grown specially for its fruit. The plants, like the Orange, are 
generally grown in boxes to ornament the terrace and flower 
garden during a few months in the summer, and then stored away 
for the winter in some dark shed or barn where they will be safe 
from the effects of severe frosts. Plants treated in this way 
cannot be expected to produce fruit in quantity or of good 
quality. 
The cultivation of the Lemon as a fruit-bearing tree is simple 
enough to those who possess the means. When properly 
attended to the plant will yield abundant crops of much larger 
and finer fruits than the imported ones that are so plentiful in 
our markets. The fruit can be grown to great perfection in a 
lean-to vinery or Peach house when planted out and trained on 
the back wall. 
Margam Park, in this county, has been long famed for 
its large collection of Orange and Lemon trees, some of 
which are of great antiquity. By far the greatest number of 
these are grown in large boxes to ornament the terraces and 
pleasure ground, where they produce flowers in great abundance, 
which till the air in the immediate vicinity with their sweet 
fragrance. Besides those which are grown in boxes, a great 
many varieties of Oranges and a few Lemon trees are planted 
out in the border of a long lean-to greenhouse, and trained on the 
back wall, which they completely cover from top to bottom, and 
mature heavy crops of fine fruits annually. It was from these 
trees that Mr. Muir ga'hered the fine collection of Oranges that 
obtained the gold medal at the Manchester International 
Flower Show a few years since. The first time I saw the Lemon 
trees growing in this way at Margam Park, some ten or eleven 
years since, I was so pleased with them and the crops they were 
bearing, that I resolved to grow some in the same way here. I 
raised a few Orange plants from seeds the same year for stocks, 
and when these were sufficiently strong I obtained a few Lemon 
scions from Mr. Muir, and grafted them. In due time three of 
the best of these were planted close to the back wall of a lean-to 
vinery in a compost principally of rich yellow loam, a little 
leaf mould, and some crushed bones. The plants in a short time 
covered the wall, and they have been carrying heavy crops of 
much better fruits than we can get to buy for the last five or six 
years. 
I told one of my young men to count the fruits which are 
nearly ripe on the three trees to-day. This he did, and in¬ 
formed me there were no fewer than 230. Besides those on the 
trees I have gathered a great many at different times. During 
the time the fruits are swelling the trees receive liberal supplies 
of liquid manure, and they are never allowed to suffer for the 
want of water at any time. The trees give the back wall a 
furnished appearance. They do not interfere in any way with 
the cultivation of the Vines, and iheir fruits are much prized by 
the housekeeper at all seasons.—A. Pettigrew, Cardiff. 
[Splendid examples of culture accompanied this communi¬ 
cation, two sprays each about a foot long, bearing a dozen 
Lemons, superior to the best we have seen in fruiterers’ shops 
during the week.] 
ON THE STATISTICS OF THE CAPE BULBS. 
[Read at a meeting of t ie Horticultural Club, January 12th, 1886, by J. G. Baker, F.R.S.] 
I have not, like Dr. Masters and Professor M. Foster, 
had any experience worth taking into account in practical 
gardening ; but I hold strongly to the opinion that botanists 
and gardeners should work together hand in hand, and con¬ 
tinually consult one another, and that if they do not do 
this the work of both will be so much the worse for it. For 
instance, in these plants we are now considering a description 
drawn from dried specimens alone is always more or less incom¬ 
plete and unsatisfactory, and in the Aloinese to draw up any 
reasonably satisfactory description from dried specimens is 
altogether out of the question 
Of all the members of the rich Cape flora, which includes the 
garden Heaths, Pelargonia, and Meseinbryanthemums, these 
bulbs are the plants which possess the greatest horticultural 
interest, and are at the present time exciting the greatest share 
of attention. One of the most interesting facts in botanical 
geography is the way in which the three bulb bearing natural 
orders, Iridacese, Amaryllidaceas, and Liliacese, are concentrated 
at the southern extremity of the African Continent. All that 
I can attempt to do in the time we have at command is to lay 
before you the broad general facts of the case. 
In Iridacese there are in the whole wor!d fifty-^even genera 
and 700 species. Of these thirty-two genera and 374 species, or 
more than half the total number, belongto the Cape ; of the genera 
twenty are endemic, nine found a'so in tropical Africa, and only 
three widely dispersed. The large genera, taking them in order of 
size, are Gladiolus, Morasa, Geissorhiza, Tritonia, Babiana, 
Hesperantha, Ixia, Romulea, Lapeyrousia. In Amaryllidacese 
there are in the whole world sixty-four genera and 650 species, 
and of these twenty-one genera and 154 species belong to the 
Cape; one third of the genera and a quarter of the species. Of 
the genera, thirteen are endemic, three also found in tropical 
Africa, and five widely dispersed. The large Cape genera are 
Hypoxis, Hssmanthus, and Cyrtanthus. In Liliacese there are 
in the world 187 genera and 2100 species; of these there are 
at the Cap • forty-nine genera and 62 / species ; of the forty nine 
genera eighteen are endemic, fifteen found also in tropical 
Africa, and sixteen widely dispersed. The large Cape genera 
are Haworthia, Aloe, Gasteria, Asparagus, Ornithogalum, Scilla, 
Anthericum. Lachenalia, Eriospermum, B.ilbine, and Kniphofia. 
The area of Africa south of the tropic is about a million 
square miles The total area of Cape Colony proper is about a 
quarter of a million square miles, or about one-two hundredth 
part of the whole land area of the world. 
In the whole world there are in these three orders 308 genera 
and 3450 species; and of these 102 genera and 1148 species, or 
about one-third of the whole number, belong to the Cape. 
Nearly all the Cape species are endemic; and of the 102 genera, 
fifty-one, or just one-half, are endemic, twenty seven repre¬ 
sented also in tropical Africa, and twenty-four are widely 
dispersed. 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND CLIM U E. 
In climate one correlates the idea of bulbs with variability in 
heat or moisture, or"" aually in both; a high degree of heat in 
summer, and the J of protection from long periods of drought. 
