January 21, 1886. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
57 
very thickly, and combed down -with forks to conduct the rain to the ground. 
We have seen old Mushroom beds thus protected too dry in the centre when 
removed. Many persons err by making Mushroom ridges too flat for winter 
production. 
Shaded Passage (F. S .).—With the exercise of a little taste a Very 
attractive fernery might be made in the position described, and if heated 
to maintain a night temperature of about 45°, falling to 40° in the winter, 
it would enable you to grow many varieties of Ferns and be also agreeable. 
In the summer it could be brightened by a few flowering plants in pots, 
such as Begonias and Fuchsias ; in the spring Hyacinths and Narcissus 
would render it attractive, and in the winter it would be suitable for 
Camellias. If your plants are now expanding their blooms are in a warm 
house we should not remove them, as if frost should occur they might 
receive a severe check. Camellias are nearly hardy, but even hardy plants 
are made tender by being grown in a warm house. Lapagerias would 
grow in such a position as you describe if you desire anything for the roof ; 
and the fernery, if heated, would be safe for the birds, not otherwise during 
very cold weather. 
varieties perfectly true by going through and “roguing” them when in 
fl ower. If you do this and guarantee the stock true we do not think you 
would have any difficulty in disposing of good seed. We have no doubt that 
if you were to consult some of the large seedsmen about varieties of which 
they would be anxious to obtain stock, they would undoubtedly supply you 
with seed and purchase the produce. If you can make such arrangements 
you would thereby obtain the best market for your seed. We have known 
hundreds of acres grown on the system indicated in Lincolnshire. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to 
be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. 
(W. L. Bird). —1, Colmar; 2, Autumn Josephine; 3, Forelle ; 4, Ne Plus 
Meuris; 5, Knight’s Monarch ; G, Winter Nelis. The Calanthe is a good 
form of the variety luteo-oculata, but it does not differ materially from 
others we have seen except that the flowers are rather more closely placed 
on the raceme. 
Raising Water from a Brook ( U. W. Gunn ).—The most economical 
and effective method of raising water is by a ram, but whether you will 
have sufficient fall could only be determined by an engineer on the spot. 
If you write to some hydraulic engineers stating your requirements tin y 
would tell you the probable cost when particulars were taken; indeed they 
alone can give a correct estimate. We do not know anything of the engine 
or pump to which you refer, and they are probably not obtainable. We 
have a hot-air pump or engine which raised water for the house, and though 
it answers is not to be compared with the ram in economy. We do not 
think second-hand gas piping would be suitable for conveying the water 
from the reservoir to the garden. We should advise 2-inch cast iron socket 
pipes, the joints leaded, as the most suitable and economical. The following 
engineers are competent to execute what you require, and have advertised 
in our publications. They are mentioned alphabetically : —Messrs. Astle 
and Co., Park Street, Derby ; Mr. J. Blake, Oxford Street Works, Accrington ; 
Mr. Hett, Ancholme Foundry, Brigg ; Messrs. S. Owens & Co., Whitefriars 
Street, London, E.C.; Messrs. J. Warner & Sons, Crescent Foundry, Cripple- 
gate, London, E.C. 
Rabbits Eating Fruit Trees ( W. A. K .).—It is very injurious, and may 
be ruinous to allow rabbits or anything else to eat the bark of fruit trees. 
Pigments applied to the stems are seldom of permanent value. We have 
tried several, but they only proved effective for a time. Pure gas tar we 
have known to be injurious to the bark, but mixed with dried powdered 
clay so as to form a thick paint it is safer and equally efficacious. The best 
method of protecting the stems is either to fix some fine-meshed hexagon 
netting round them, or cradles made of strips of wood bound together at 
the top and bottom with wire. These are easily made, and answer perfectly. 
Where Furze is plentiful some persons tie this round the stems, others 
Briars; but cradles made of deal or any other would answer equally well 
if the strips are placed close enough together. In affixing them they must 
not press firmly on the bark, this being easily prevented by interposing 
soft material. If any of our readers are able to communicate the particulars 
of any methods that have proved satisfactory in protecting the stems of 
fruit trees from hares, rabbits, and other animals we will readily publish 
them for the benefit of others. You can scarcely err in giving a good 
•dressing of lime to the new garden. The subsoil should be well broken up, 
but very little brought to the surface at once. By digging a little deeper 
each year and adding manure you may greatly increase the fertility of the 
laud. 
Evergreens for Lawn (An O/d Subscriber ).—You have made the 
position quite plain now, and we are confirmed in our opinion that 
large-growing Conifers or spreadin g shrubs would be out of place. We think 
the flower beds are large enough for the lawn, and the Conifers or shrubs 
should be in proportion to both. As we presume you desire the garden 
to have an attractive appearance viewed from the end A and B, we should 
have a pair of Thuia aurea there, C and D Retinospora plumosa, E and F 
Thuia elegantissima, G and H Cupressus Lawsoniana erecta viridis. With 
stations of good soil, such as loam, decayed vegetable matter, sand, and 
wood aBhes, the site drained so that water does not lodge near the roots, and 
these not turfed over, but each plant standing in a small circular bed, would 
grow freely and have a pleasing appearance without encroaching unduly on 
the surrounding space. The pairs are alternately gold tinted and green. 
Cryptomeria elegans, bronzy green, would answer probably as well as the 
Retinosporas, and you may safely plant either of which you can get the 
best examples for the money, the prices of all necessarily varying with size 
and quality. The partial shade will not interfere with their growth. When 
you order the plants you will not err by sending the plan to a good nursery¬ 
man, giving liberty for other kinds of the same character to be suggested 
in case well-balanced examples of those named cannot be supplied. 
Making Hot-water Pipe Joints—Peas for Seed (A Twenty-years 
Header ).—Had we been erecting a boiler we should have endeavoured to 
arrange that the flow did not. come in contact with the fire. You may, 
however, make the joint or joints required so that they will stand the fire 
and last in perfect condition as long as the pipe itself. You must make the 
oints of iron, and this is accomplished by mixing borings, chloride of 
ammonia, commonly called sal ammoniac, and water together, a very small 
per-centage of red lead in a dry state may also be included. You must be 
careful not to employ too much sal ammoniac, or you will destroy the pro¬ 
perties of the iron. For two joints a small piece about the size of a Cob 
Nut broken fine and mixed with the borings will be ample. As much 
water should be used as will moisten the whole, which will booh become 
heated, and in a very short time after mixing is ready for use. First of all 
commence caulking the joint with a piece of good rope well coated with 
white or red lead about three times the consistency of paint, and then com¬ 
plete the joint with the borings, which must be well hammered up, and 
they will nest up and become as solid as the metal. Peas, no doubt, will 
pay very well on good land if the season proves favourable and the seed is 
well harvested ; but to grow them profitably they must be grown on 
the same principle as field varieties—that is, in rows 12 to 18 inches apart, 
according to the heights of the varieties. You must he careful to keep the 1 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— Januaby 20th. 
No alteration. A better trade doing at last week’s quotations. 
FRUIT. 
Apples.£ sieve 1 
„ Canadian., barrel 10 
„ Nova Scotia „ 10 
Cobs, Kent .. per 100 lbs. 27 
Figs . dozen 0 
Grapes .. .. .. .. lb. 1 
Lemons.. .. . ..case 8 
Melons.each 0 
Artichokes .. .. dozen 1 
Asparagus .. .. bundle 0 
Beans, Kidney .. lb. 0 
Beet, Red .. .. dozen 1 
Broccoli.bundle 0 
Brussels Sprouts .. £ sieve 
Cabbage . dozen 0 
Capsicums .. .. 100 1 
Carrots.bunch 0 
Cauliflowers .. .. dozen 2 
Celery .bundle 1 
Coleworts dcz. bunches 2 
Cucumbers .. .. each 0 
Endive.dozen 1 
Herbs .bunch 0 
Leeks .bunch 0 
Aralia Sieboldi .. 
Arbor vita; (golden) 
„ (common) 
Arum Lilies .. .. 
Azaleas. 
Begonias .. .. 
Bouvardia .. .. 
Cineraria .. .. 
Cyclamen .. .. 
Cyperus . 
Dracama terminalis, 
„ viridis .. 
Erica, various 
Euonymus, in var. 
s. 
dozen 9 
dozen 6 
dozen 6 
dozen 12 
dozen 24 
dozen 6 
dozen 12 
dozen 10 
dozen 12 
dozen 4 
dozen 30 
dozen 12 
dozen 12 
dozen 6 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0 
to 3 
6 
Oranges. 
.. 100 
4 
0 
0 
12 
6 
Peaches . 
perdoz. 
0 
0 
0 
12 
6 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
6 
30 
0 
,, dessert 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English., lb. 
1 
0 
6 
4 
0 
Plums. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
10 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
..each 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d. 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lettuce. 
dozen 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms .. . 
punnet 
0 
6 
6 
l 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
Onions . 
bunch 
0 
3 
9 
i 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
e 
S 
0 
4 
Ithubarb. 
bundle 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera .. .. 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
4 
0 
Sealtale .. .. per basket 
1 
6 
9 
1 
6 
Shallots. 
0 
3 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
2 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. ,. 
0 
6 
S 
0 
4 
Turnips .. .. ,, 
bunch 
0 
4 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
a. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0 to 18 
0 
Evergreens, in var. 
dozen 
6 
0 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastica 
each 
1 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ferns, in variety .. 
dozen 
4 
0 
0 
18 
0 
Foliage Plants, var 
each 
2 
0 
0 
42 
0 
Genistas .. .. 
dozen 10 
0 
0 
12 
0 
Hyacinths .. .. 
dozen 
6 
0 
0 
18 
0 
Marguerite Daisy 
dozen 
8 
0 
0 
12 
0 
Myrtles. 
dozen 
6 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var. 
each 
2 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
6 
0 
0 
60 
0 
Poinsettia .. 
dozen 12 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Primulas, single, 
dozen 
4 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Solanum .. .. 
dozen 
8 
0 
0 
18 
0 
Tulips. 
12 pots 
6 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. d. 
0 to 1 6 
1 
0 
0 
s 
3 
5 
6 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 6 
Abutilons .. 12 bunches 2 0 to 4 0 
Acacia (Mimosa), Fr., per 
bunch 
Arum Lilies 
Azalea .. 
Bouvardias 
Camellias 
Carnations 
12 blooms 
12 sprays 
per bunch 
12 blooms 
12 blooms 
0 6 
Chrysanthemums 12 blooms 
12 bunches 
Cyclamen 
Epiphyilum 
Eucharis 
Gardenias 
Hellebore 
doz. blooms 
doz. blooms 
per dozen 
12 blooms 
doz. blooms 
1 0 
8 0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
6 
8 
4 
18 0 
0 6 
Hyacinths,Roman,12 sprays 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
6 
18 
1 
1 
S 
Lapageria, red .. 12 blooms 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 blms. 
Marguerites .. 12 bunches 
Mignonette .. 12 bunches 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
Poinsettia .. 12 b'ooms 
Roses (indoor), per dozen 
„ Tea, French., dozen 
„ red, French., dozen 
Tropteolum .. 12 bunches 
Tuberoses .. 12 blooms 
Tulips .. dozen blooms 
Violets .. .. 12 bunches 
,, Czar, Fr., .. bunch 
„ Parme, French, per 
bunch .. .. 
1 
9 0 
6 0 
s. d. 
24 0 
7 0 
18 0 
10 0 
12 0 
9 0 
12 0 
12 0 
21 0 
9 0 
18 0 
6 0 
12 0 
9 0 
s. d. 
Oto 2 0 
12 0 
80 
6 0 
1 6 
1 0 
8 0 
6 0 
1 6 
4 0 6 0 
THE FLOCK. 
A day or two before writing this article we went to see 
wbat provision of shelter for early lambs had been made by 
a shepherd to whose care a valuable breeding flock of some 
300 ewes had been given. All we found was an enclosure 
