March 4, 18S6. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER . 
183 
Peas for Use (B. L. E.). —The question of varieties to grow is'often 
very much a question of sticks for supporting them. A great number of 
varieties are mot necessary for succession. A succession can be maintained 
by growing a few rows of many sorts, but not better than growing several 
rows of a few varieties. We know a gardener who sows twenty quarts of Peas 
annually—two of William I., fourteen of Champion of England, and four of 
Ne Plus Ultra. With the last sowing of the first named he sows the second, 
and with the last of this he sows the third. As soon as the plants of the 
Champion are visible he sows more rows. The succession is unfailing and 
the produce of the first quality. His last sowing of Ne Plus Ultra in June 
is three or four times the extent of spring sowings, because the rows are 
not so productive in late autumn as in summer. He gathers Peas from the 
end of May till the end of November. This is very plain practice, perhaps 
too plain for you, but the gardener who adopts always has “ Peas for use ” 
in Beason. 
Market Gardening (//.).—It is a matter requiring very careful con¬ 
sideration. The distance from market will tell considerably upon the pro¬ 
ceeds of the sale, and the question will be whether it would not be cheaper 
to take the produce the whole distance than to take it a fourth of the whole 
to the railway and then have to pay carriage. This must be ascertained by 
a comparison of rates or cost of the two modes of transit, but as there is 
little means of keep for horses, we think the railway would prove the 
cheapest and quickest. The glass would not bring in much, as the vineries 
are planted with varieties that would have to be forced so as to come on 
early in May or June if they brought paying prices in the London market, 
but you might find better prices at local shops were the Grapes ripened 
successionally; indeed we should not expect to realise more than £50 from 
the glass, though you might derive some profit from growing plants. As 
not more than half the wall trees can be depended upon it will lower the 
value proportionately, and the value of the land outside will depend upon its 
availability for crops. Something could be made by keeping pigs no doubt, 
and you will need to take into consideration the facilities of procuring 
manures. According to the statement you give we think the rent high, 
especially as the fruit trees are in poor condition, and will need a consider¬ 
able outlay before the wall can be made remunerative, the lease not being 
long enough to allow of any great improvement without compensation at its 
expiration. We Bhould certainly make a calculation very carefully before 
committing yourself, our opinion being that £10 per acre, taking the concern 
as it stands, would be a sufficiently high rental nnder the circumstances, 
beyond which we should not go without there are other advantages, which 
oo not appear to us from a careful consideration of your letter. Trade is 
not brisk, nor likely to be for some time, and expenses are heavy. 
What is a Pippin? ( Oxon ).—We publish your postcard question, and 
answer it from the last edition of the “ Fruit Manual." The word Pippin 
is derived from the French Pepin, the seed of an Apple, and in its earliest 
signification meant an Apple tree raised from seed in contradistinction to 
one raised by grafting or from cuttings. Thus Leonard Mascal, writing in 
1572, says, “ Then shall you cover your seedes or pepins with fine erth so 
sifting al over them and “ when the winter is past and gone, and that ye 
see your Pepinsri.se and growe j” and again, “When so euer ye doe replante 
or change your Pepin trees from place to place, in so remouing often the 
stocks the frute there of shall also change ; but the frute which doth come 
of Graffing doth always kepe the forme and nature of the tree whereof he is 
taken.” It is evident from this last quotation that Pippin is synonymous 
with seedling, and is used to distinguish a tree raised directly from seed from 
one that has been raised from grafts or cuttings. The Golden Pippin, 
which, by the way, was raised in Sussex, where Mascal also was born, 
means simply Golden Seedling. But there was another meaning attached 
to the word. In “ Hmry IV.,” Shallow says to FalstafE, “Nay, you shall 
see mine orchard ; where in an arbour we will eat a last year’ Pippin of my 
own graffing.” And this is interpreted by what Sir Paul Neile says in his 
Discourse of Cider,” written in the time of the Commonwealth, wherein 
speaking of “ Pippin cider,” he says, “ For by that name I shall generally 
call all sorts of cider that is made of Apples good to eat raw,” and that is 
evidently the signification in the above quotation from Shakspeare. 
Coming to more modern times, we have the word kernel, which is the 
English equivalent of Pepin, also used to signify a seedling Apple tree ; as, 
for example, Ashmead’s Kernel, the seedling raised by Dr. Ashmead of 
Gloucester ; Cook’s Kernel, Knott’s Kernel, and many others. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(A. <7., Bath). — The fungus on the leaves of the Eranthemum was examined 
by Dr. Cooke and determined to be a new species, which he has named 
Isariopsis acanthacearum. ( W. It.). —The Orchid is Dendrobium luteolum, 
a useful winter-flowering species ; see the figure on another page. It is a 
native of Moulmein, whence it was sent by the Rev. C. S. Parish to Messrs. 
Low of Clapton. (J. S.). —Cytisus filipes. 
Selling Honey (Eastern County ).—Undoubtedly your best plan would be 
to advertise the honey, and at a moderate price you would soon find pur¬ 
chasers. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— March 3rd. 
Trade the same, with a good demand for forced fruits and vegetables. 
FRUIT. 
Apples. 
4 sieve 
2 
0 
to S 
6 
Oranges. 
4 
0 to 
6 
0 
n Canadian .. 
barrel 
10 
0 
12 
6 
Peaches . 
perdoz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
»t Nova Scotia 
10 
0 
12 
6 
Pears, kitchen 
dozen 
1 
0 
1 
6 
i>OD8, Kent .. per 100 lbs. 
27 
6 
30 
0 
dessert 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
*lg9 . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English .. lb. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Grapes .. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Plums. 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons. 
.. case 
8 
0 
10 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
..each 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Melon .. . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
a. d. s. d a. d. s. d 
Artichokes .. 
. dozen 
1 
0 to 0 
0 
Lettuce .. •• 
1 
0 
to 1 
6 
Asparagus .. 
. bundle 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
..punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
. lb. 
2 
6 
3 
6 
Mustard aud Cress punnet 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Beet, Red .. . 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli . 
. bundle 
0 
9 
i 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Brussels Sprouts . 
. 4 sieve 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Parsnips .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Capsicums .. . 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney 
.. cwt. 
4 
e 
6 
0 
Carrots. 
. bunch 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Rhubarb.. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Cauliflowers .. . 
. dozen 
3 
0 
3 
0 
Salsafy .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera 
.. bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts doz. 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale .. 
per basket 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cucumbers .. . 
. each 
0 
6 
i 
3 
Shallots .. 
0 
s 
0 
6 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach .. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Herbs . 
. bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Leeks . 
. bunch 
0 
S 
0 
4 
Turnips ., 
,. bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi .. dozen 9 
0 to 18 
0 
Ficus elastica 
each 
l 
6 to 
7 
0 
Arbor vita: (golden) dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Ferns, in variety .. 
dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (common) dozen 6 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage Plants, var 
each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Arum Lilies.. .. dozen 12 
0 
18 
0 
Genistas .. .. 
dozen 
10 
0 
12 
0 
Azaleas.dozen 24 
0 
42 
0 
Hyacinths .. .. 
dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Begonias .. .. dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy 
dozen 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Bouvardia .. .. dozen 12 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles. 
dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Cineraria .. .. dozen 10 
0 
12 
0 
Palms, in var. 
each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Cyclamen .. .. dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Cyperus.dozen 4 
0 
12 
0 
Poinsettia .. .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Dracsena terminals, dozen 30 
0 
60 
0 
Primulas, single, 
dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ viridis .. dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Solanum .. .. 
dozen 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Erica, various .. dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Spiraea. 
dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Euonymus, in var. dozen 6 
0 
18 
0 
Tulips. 
12 pots 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Evergreens, in var. dozen 6 
0 
21 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
S. 
Abutilons 
12 bunches 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lilies of the Valley, in 
Acacia (Mimosa), Fr., per 
clump9 or pots, per doz. 
15 
0to30 
0 
bunch 
. • . • 
1 
0 
l 
6 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Arum Lilies .. 
12 blooms 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerites .. 12 bunches 
6 
0 
8 
O 
Azalea .. .. 
12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette .. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Bouvardiaa .. 
per bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Camellias 
12 blooms 
g 
0 
6 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Carnations .. 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Poinsettia .. 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), per dozen 
3 
0 
9 
0 
>t 
12 bunches 
9 
0 
18 
0 
„ Tea. French.. dozen 
2 
0 
4 
6 
Cyclamen .. 
doz. blooms 
0 
4 
0 
9 
„ red, French., dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Epiphyllum .. 
doz. blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Spirsea .. .. 12 sprays 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Eucharis .. 
per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Tropfeolum .. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Gardenias 
12 blooms 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Tuberoses .. 12 blooms 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Hellebore 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tulips .. dozen blooms 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Hyacinths,Roman, 12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Violets .. .. 12 bunches 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Czar, Fr., .. bunch 
1 
6 
2 
O 
Lapageria, red 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ Parme, French, per 
Lilium loDgiflorum, 12 blms. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
bunch .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
LAMBING TIME. 
Fat lambs may still be regarded as a profitable item in 
farming accounts, and now that lambing time is almost 
ended on the home farm we are making strenuous efforts 
to assist growth and do all we can to promote 
early development into a marketable commodity of as 
many lambs as can be spared for early fattening. At the 
outset this is best done by affording a liberal diet to the ewes, 
or, rather, it should be mentioned that the ewes are never 
suffered to fall into low condition, but are kept fairly sleek 
throughout the year. By a moderate addition of corn or 
cake in August we are able to manage early breeding, and 
remember that a ewe in poor condition is always slow and 
backward in breeding. Why is it that so many ewes are 
pressed upon the markets in such wretched plight as we saw 
them last autumn ? No doubt the answer generally would 
be that, owing to the drought, pastures had become bare and 
flocks had suffered privation. But then we may well inquire 
farther, if such privation was unavoidable ? What is there 
to debar one from trough-feeding throughout summer if need 
be ? Sheep do not always take readily to a fresh article of 
diet, but we may safely take it for granted that bare pastures 
would soon drive them to racks or troughs, and chaff or straw 
