March 11, 1886.] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
187 
considerable; besides, the tops of the Potatoes can be turned 
away from the Broccoli plants into the space between the two 
rows of Potatoes*if necessiry, thereby keeping them sturdy, and 
the facilities for lifting the Potatoes is considerable, to say 
nothing of cleanliness afterwards. 
Sprouting Broccoli is a paying crop, the best variety being 
Early Purple Sprouting, which, coming in when Brussels Sprouts 
are getting over, meets a ready sale, especially after such a season 
as the last, which was dry in summer, and that with the pro¬ 
longed severity of the winter has told upon supplies to the 
advantage of the seller. 
Borecole or Kale. —This doe3 not bring much to the 
grower, but being taken as a between crop, and one that may be 
planted later than autumn Cauliflowers or spring Broccoli, it 
occupies ground that might otherwise be vacant; and if there be 
a scarcity of greens in spring the crop may prove remunerative, 
at least is better than nothing. Tall and Dwarf Green Curled 
are the hardiest, but I find Read’s New Hearting far ahead of 
all others in largeness of head and in resisting frost and wet, 
and stands longer than any other before running, bringing a 
higher price. Cottagers’ Kale is useful, and both Buda and 
Asparagus affording sprouts in spring, they being very hardy, 
exceeding tender, and good flavoured. 
Cabbages. —The principal object is to get these into the 
market early, for which none surpass Ellam’s Dwarf Early 
Spring. Larger varieties are represented by Denning's Early 
and Hill’s Incomparable; Enfield Market and Battersea being 
best for the general crop. Drumhead is useful for spring sowing 
to afford Cabbages in autumn and winter, and so is Denning’s, 
both remaining a long time fit for use and being hardy. Red 
Dutch is unsurpassed for pickling if care be taken in selecting 
plants for seed, choosing those that exhibit the highest colour, 
for to bring good returns the heads must be large, close or heavy, 
and deep coloured. Early Cabbage is usually taken after Onions, 
and the Cabbage is cleared in time for Peas, Runners, and where 
double cropping is practised late Celery between the rows of Peas. 
Savoys. —In autumn and winter these are what Cabbages are 
in spring and early summer—the staple of green vegetables. 
For early cutting it is doubtful if there is any better than a care¬ 
fully selected stock of Early Dwarf Ulm, though I think Gilbert’s 
Universal will, at least ought, to supplant it. Drumhead is the 
best for autumn and early winter use ; but it cannot endure wet, 
and is soon spoiled by frost. To follow Drumhead Dwarf Green 
Curled is excellent, withstanding wet and frost well, but in loose 
soil is liable to form loose heads, therefore the soil should be firm; 
indeed, for all Brassicas in order to a sturdy growth, hardiness 
of plant, and enlargement of the useful part or head. I do not 
know whether it is generally known or not that all the Brassicas 
succeed best sown where they are to remain, the ground being 
firm though in good heart, the seed drilled, and the plants after¬ 
wards thinned to the requisite distance. Planting, or rather 
transplanting, is only matter of convenience and utilisation of 
space. Chou de Burghley is useful to those requiring Cabbage 
n winter, being very hardy, withstanding wet well, the quality 
being excellent, but it does not find much favour at market. 
Similar remarks apply to Couve Tronchuda, it being esteemed in 
some private gardens, but is tender and is only useful iu autumn. 
The thick midribs are used similar to Seakale. 
Turnips. —Early Turnips are always in demand. The very 
best and earliest is Extra Early Milan Strapleaf. It is fine in 
shape and excellent in every respect; not the least of its merits 
s its small top, which admits of bunching readily. It comes into 
use a fortnight before any other, and keeps in condition some 
me. Next in order comes Early Strapleaf White Stone and 
Eaidy Stone, or Six Weeks, both capital kinds for summer use. 
Veitch’s Red Globe is superb fo r general crop and the best for 
ate sowing, keeping well. Golden Ball, or Orange Jelly, is 
excellent for winter use, but does not find much favour with the 
cook, only being taken to when white-fleshed kinds cannot be had. 
Turnips require firm soil. In loose rich soil they run too 
much to top, and the seed should be sown thinly or the plants 
thinned early. It may not be generally known that the best way 
to nave Turnips late is to lift in autumn before the roots are 
much exposed to frost and lay them in on a north border, the 
Turnips being entirely covered with soil, which saves them from 
rost, as the tops are some protection, and from the vicissitudes 
of climate. In this way they keep until a very late period.— 
Utilitarian. 
SHRUBBY CALCEOLARIAS. 
I CAN fully endorse Mr. Brothers.ton’s practical remarks on this subject, 
and Iwould recommend those of your readers who have not hitherto suc¬ 
ceeded so well in the cultivation of this old-fashioned though indispens¬ 
able bedding plant, to follow the method of procedure indicated at page 
158, and which, if carried out in detail, will insure success. In addition to 
my own successful experience of the system advocated, I had the pleasure 
of inspecting the gardens and grounds at Tyninghame early last September, 
on which o cas on I was particu’arly struck with the healthy floriferous 
condition of the Calceolaria plants in the beautiful and well-kept flower 
garden opposite the south and west fronts of the man-km, and which, in 
connection with the well-arranged var eties of other flowering and foliage 
plants, made a very pietty floral p’c'ure, one which Mr. Brotherston might 
feel justly proud of. 
The only Calceolaria grown here for bedding purposes is that excellent 
old variety amplexicaulis, which produces abundance of flowers of a beauti¬ 
ful soft yellow colour from the middle of July until nipped by the frost, 
and this we propagate in a cold frame in which the cuttings are inserted 
about 4 inches apart about the middle of October, a week earlier or later 
according to the weather, in the manner indicated by Mr. Brotherston. 
As all the beds in our Italian garden, except twenty-four beds devoted 
exclusively to carpet-bedding plants, are each planted with only one 
variety of plant, so as to have masses of distinct colours, ranging from 
scarlet to white, we plant it 1h nly in the beds to admit of the plants, 
which are of a straggling hab ;f , being pegged down over the surface of 
the beds. Thus grown, the efiect which C. amplexiiaulis produces when 
contrasted with the masses of scarlet, p nk, white, &c , ii very telling.— 
H. W. Ward, Salisbury. 
HINTS ON OROIIID CULTURE. 
{Continued from page 177.) 
Orchids in Vineries.— Some reference has already been made to 
the adaptability of vineries for many Orchids, but it deserves more 
particular attention. In ordinary early houses the Vines are started 
at a convenient time for starting the Orchids also. The temperature 
and moisture suitable for one is equally suitable for the other, and 
later on when the Grapes have been cut and the Vines are resting 
can be made the resting season of the Orchids. Many tine specimens 
have been grown in this way, and some of the most remarkable were 
those exhibited some years ago by Mr. L. Temple, then gardener to 
W. G. Joy, Esq., Head'ingley, Leeds. The success of the treatment 
may be judged from the following particulars of the principal 
plants :—Cattleya crispa superba, 4 feet in diameter, fifty blooms ; 
0. Harrisonim violacea, 3 feet in diameter ; 0. crispa, 3 feet in 
diameter, thirty flowers ; Odontoglossum grande, 2 feet in diameter, 
forty-one flowers ; Dendrobium nobile, 4 feet in diameter, 400 
blooms ; Miltonia Clowesi, 3 feet in diameter, 100 blooms ; M. specta- 
bilis, 3 feet in diameter, forty-nine flowers ; Oncidium flexuosum, 
4 feet in diameter, forty spikes ; Phajus grandifolius, 4 feet in 
diameter, thirty spikes ; Cypripedium insigne, 3 feet in diameter, 
forty flowers ; and Dendrobium densiflorum, forty-four spikes. Most 
of these were grown in tubs 2 fe t 6 inches wide and 1 foot deep. 
These were exceptionally fine specimens, but all the following have 
been found to thrive with similar treatment : —Anguloas Clowesi, 
Ruckeri, uniflora ; Arpophyllum giganteum ; Barkerias elegans, Lind- 
leyana, Skinneri, spectabilis ; Braisavola glauca, Brassia verrucosa; 
Cattleyas citrina, Hanisonise, crispa, and others ; Coelogyne cristata ; 
Cymbidiutn eburneum, giganteum, Hooktrianum, Mastersi; Cypri- 
pediums insigne, Schlimi, Suleni, v. nu-tum, and many others; 
Dendrobiums nobile, densiflorum, thyrsifl rum, chrysanthum, Hilli, 
speciosum, Wardianum, Pieiardi, and others ; Epidendrums amabile, 
aromaticum, macrochilum, vitellinum ; Laelias albida, acuminata, 
autumnalis, majalis, superbiens ; Lycaste aromatica, cruenta, Skinneri ; 
Masdevallias coccinea, Harryana ; Maxillarias aroma'ica, grandiflora, 
Harrison', venusta ; Odontoglossums Alexandra, citmsmum, cordatura, 
gloriosum, Lindleyanum, Pescatorei, nsevium ; Phalienop.-us pulchel- 
lum, Uro-Skinneri; Oncidiums bif burn, criipum, incinvum, leucochi- 
lum, ornithorhynchum, serratum ; Pleione humilis, lagenaria, maculata, 
Wallichiana ; Trichopilia tortilis ; Zyopetalums crinitum, Mackayi, 
and maxillare. It may be remarked that the coolest position should 
be assigned to the Masdevallias and Odontoglossums at the forcing 
period of the year, and for this reason they are better in late vineries 
than in early ones, as the former are especially impatient of too 
much artificial heat. 
Temperature.— Since Orchids are found in such widely varied 
districts it can be readily understood that with other conditions the. 
temperatures to which they are exposed differ considerably. In 
cultivation, however, we are compelled to group the plants as nearly 
as possible according to their respective requirements as regards 
heat. Nurserymen and wealthy amateurs who have extensive 
collections commonly devote houses to each of the larger genera, 
structures being appropriated to Cattleyas, Lielias, Dendrobiums, 
Cypripediums, Phalienopses, Vandas, Odontoglossums, Masdevallias, 
&c. ; but in smaller establishments it is seldom that more than three 
houses can be used for Orchids alone ; and all that need the protection 
of glass can be readily grown in those by regulating the temperature. 
Thus the warmest house (day temperature of the year 65 s to 80°) 
would contain the Orchids from the tropical regions of the Old World, 
especially the East Indies, the Malayan Archipelago, and adjoining 
