April 15, 1886. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
289 
Hybrid. 
Odontoglossum Ander 
sonianum . 
aspersum 
baphicanthum 
Coradinei 
Dennisoniss 
Edithi® . 
elegans . 
Galeottianum 
hebraicum 
Horsmanni 
Humeanum 
Leeanum 
mulus . f 
Murrellianum . 
Pollettianum . 
Ruckerianum . 
Scbroderianum 
Btellimicans 
Williamsianum. 
Orchis alata . 
ambigua . 
Lorenziana 
Morio-papilionacea 
purpureo-militaris 
Regeliana 
Yalesiaca 
Phalaanopsis Casta 
intermedia 
leucorrhoda 
Sanderiana 
Yalentini 
Yeitchiana 
—Lewis Castle, 
Parents. 
0. crispum — gloriosum 
Rossi — maculatum 
crispum — odoratum 
triumphans — odoratum 
crispum — luteo-purpureum 
crispum — Andersonianum 
cirrhosum — cristatum 
nebulosum — Cervantesi 
Pescatorei — luteo-purpureum 
cordatum — Rossi 
luteo-purpureum 
Pescatorei — nrevium 
crispum — gloriosum 
crispum — Andersonianum 
tripudians — Pescatorei 
Pescatorei — triumphans 
grande — Schliperianum 
0. laxiflora — Morio 
incarnata — maculata 
mascula — pallens 
Morio — papilionacea 
purpureo — militaris 
maculata — G-ymnadenia odoratissima 
O. globosa — G. conopsea 
P. Schilleriana — amabilis 
rosea — amabilis 
Schilleriana — amabilis 
amabilis — Schilleriana 
Cornu-Cervi — violacea 
rosea — Schilleriana 
ESTIMATES OF VEGETABLES. 
Parsnips.— These form a profitable crop and do well in 
almost any soil, but best in that of a deep, moist, alluvial nature; 
in such the roots are clean and straight, the size being dependant 
on the ground and the distance accorded the plants. I give 
18 inches from row to row, and about 9 inches distance in the 
row, and secure fine roots. Medium-sized roots are, however, 
most esteemed for private use, and the kind I find most esteemed 
is The Student, which has very handsome clean roots, fine 
quality, and rich flavour. I grew them last year on trenched 
ground after Peas, and had a crop bringing first-rate returns 
from the salesman. Under field culture, however, it does not 
attain sufficient size to please buyers, though for shallow soils 
it is far the best. Large Guernsey may differ from Hollow- 
crowned, but it is difficult to distinguish. Hollow-crowned 
Improved has lai'ge roots, the crop being heavy, and taken 
altogether is the best for general use. 
Carrots. —The value of an early crop is considerable, but to 
secure this warm soils and situations must be chosen. I had a 
considerable breadth of Early Nantes last year and got an 
excellent crop, the roots being of medium size, stump-shaped, 
and coming early to maturity. The colour is a bright red, and 
that means money. It is the very best of the Early Horn 
section, and is a selection from the Early Scarlet Horn—an 
excellent variety, very short small top, but sufficiently large for 
bunching. James’ Intermediate Scarlet affords a capital succes¬ 
sion, is of fine shape, and medium size, with fine quality. There 
are many forms of this be-it of keeping Carrots, but the most 
desirable is that with a bright scarlet colour, and strange as this 
may seem these have firmer, more solid, and sweeter flesh than 
the pale-coloured roots. These improved forms are all due to 
selection—seed-saving from the finest quality roots. Long Red 
Surrey is an excellent Carrot for deep soils, attaining to a large 
size, and good flavoured. Large Carrots, however, are not in 
much demand for private use, a medium-sized one being always 
more acceptable, such are obtained by sowing after a crop of 
early-lifted Potatoes, and the roots from an early July sowing 
keep much longer in spring than those obtained from spring 
sowing. 
Beet. —The quality is everything in Beet, and this is in pro¬ 
portion to the colour, for the deeper the colour the more tender 
the flesh, and the higher the flavour, with freedom from woody or 
stringy matter, so characteristic of the pale-coloured Beets. 
For private use none sui-passes Nutting’s Dwarf Red, which is 
of medium size, red colour, fine quality, and sweet flavour, the 
top being small. Pine Apple Short-top is also excellent, but 
does not attain such evenness in growth or size as Nutting’s. 
Dewar’s Dwarf Red is of fine shape and good size, and the 
colour bright red. It is a very good Beet and attains a good 
size early, and as such is valuable for marketing. Cattell’s 
Crimson attains to a large size, and is not by any means coarse, 
the colour being good. It is first-rate fpr market, but colour is 
essential, and this it seems to be losing, and points to want of 
care in selecting seed stock. Black, which is credited with the 
prefix of its improvers in selection, is in every respect first-rate 
for market, large and handsome in shape, very dark in colour, 
and of high quality. This and Cattell’s must not be sown early 
or the plants are liable to run to seed, but sown early in May 
very fine roots result. Egyptian Turnip-rooted is very useful 
as an early variety. Beet for late use keeps best buried in the 
soil on a north border, a protection of straw or litter free from 
horse droppings being placed on the surf ice. 
Radishes. —For frames there is none to surpass Wood’s Early 
Frame in the long varieties, Scarlet Forcing and White Forcing 
Turnip, Early Rose Globe, and French Breakfast. They are all 
excellent, and very fine for early crops outdoors, except in the 
height of summer, and then if care be taken to water and sow 
frequently they are the best at that season for private use, where 
their mild flavour causes their being held in high esteem. Long 
Scarlet, Red, and White Turnip are the best for summer use, as 
they stand hot dry weather better than the others, being crisp 
and of a mild flavour when the early sorts are hot, hollow, and 
woody. 
In Salsafy I do not know of more than one variety, but of 
Scorzonera there is a great advance in the Russian which is 
larger and not running to seed so much as the old sort. 
Leeks. —Musselburgh is without exception the best, and the 
giants and others are only selected stocks of this fine sort. 
Leeks afford fairly good returns, being sown in rows 15 to 
18 inches asunder, and 6 inches asunder in the rows. This sur¬ 
passes the trench, transplantim, and blanching system, for 
Leeks blanch themselves when properly grown. 
Lettuce.— Cabbage for spring use, Hardy White Dutch; 
summer use, Royal Albert; for frame, Commodore Nutt. Cos— 
spring and early summer, Bath or Brown Cos, Summer White 
Cos, of which there are many fine selections, all of the Paris 
White. Early Lettuces pay well, summer crops do not pay 
much carriage. 
Endive. — Batavian Improved Round-leaved and Green 
Curled Improved. These afford good returns if they can be had 
in well blanched large heads in winter and early spring, but the 
foreigners compete keenly with the home grower in early produce, 
and the shipping and railway companies seem to combine to help 
them all they can. 
Tomatoes.— Whether grown under glass or outdoors large 
fruits with little rib or corrugation command the best prices. 
The best I have grown is Hackwood Park Prolific. Acme, Ded¬ 
ham Favourite, Hathaway’s Excelsior, and Perfection have very 
fine fruits, all are good croppers and are all after the style of 
Stamfordian, and in what that differs from Excelsior is not 
easily observable. Earliness, however, is a consideration, and 
the corrugated sorts then come to the front, such being Con¬ 
queror, Orangefield Dwarf, and Trentham Early Fillbasket. 
They are hardier than the smooth round sorts, and not so liable 
to split with wet as the round smooth varieties, therefore are better 
suited for outdoor culture. For the last purpose none surpasses 
the Large Red, seed being saved from the plants that have the 
best-shaped fruits, and tend to earliness and prolificacy in the 
plants. 
Spinach.— There is not much choice in this very highly 
esteemed vegetable, but one sort is worth the other two. How 
it originated it would be interesting to know, but it grows better 
and is hardier than the others, and does not bolt or run to seed 
nearly so quickly, and that means having Spinach in summer. 
I had it giving large thick dark green leaves this winter when 
the Prickly or Winter had its leaves parboiled, and it realised 
6s. per bushel, when the other gave nothing. It is named 
Victoria, and well it deserves its name.— Utilitarian. 
THE PERILS OF MANURE. 
It is the habit of some gardeners to have in an odd corner of 
their ground a manure heap, which, like certain columns of gleanings we 
meet within periodicals, is moreremaikable for the promiscuous character 
of its contents than for their excellence. O ten it combines animal and 
vege able refuse, earth turned out of flower pots containing fibrous roots, 
larger roots and stems of decaying ve eiables, bulbs, dead leaves, dung, 
and a comprehensive et-cetera. This is suff red to remain from autumn to 
spring ; it is then spread upon the soil, perhaps dug in wiihout much 
preparati >n or examination. Its condition, indeed, after the moisture of 
winter is rarely such as to allow of the process of sifting or division by 
chopping, and unfortunately this half-fermenting pasiy substance is 
likely to be a fertile source of insect life during the ensuing season. I 
will only mention a part of the enemies of the garden that may possibly 
be lurking therein, frequently they are at such a stage in their growth 
that even if the manure be casually inspected they are not perceived. 
There will be, for instance, the crustacean woodlice, hiding amid 
