May 6, 1386. ] 
JOURNAL OF HOkTIGULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
369 
of coarse sand. When potting them, which should be done just as they 
are starting into growth, the soil used should be pressed firmly into the 
pots. Care must be taken to do this, for if the new soil is not made slightly 
firmer than that of the old ball, water will pass through the new soil and 
leave the old ball dry, which would soon prove fatal to the plants. They 
should be most carefully watered at their roots, and never allowed to be¬ 
come dry in any stage of growth. The foliage must be liberally syringed 
during the greater part of the year in order to keep it free from thrips, an 
insect very troublesome to these plants. After the plants have flowered 
they should be encouraged to make a good growth by keeping the house in 
which they are growing close and moist, the plants being well syringed in 
the morning and again in the afternoon, also shaded from bright sun. After 
the growth is completed they should be hardened, and may be stood outside 
until September, when they should be housed. Before placing them out 
the flower buds will be formed. While outside be careful that the sun does 
not strike direct upon the pots, or the roots, which are very fine, will be 
destroyed. Portions of old mats Becured on the sunny side of the pots will 
protect the roots from injury by the sun. Cimellias require much the same 
treatment, but removing loose orsour soil from the roots, and using half 
loam or more, not containing lime, and a little crushed charcoal. Avoid 
oyerpotting, and drain effectively, so that copious supplies of water can be 
given without rendering the soil sour. 
Roses in Pots (D.).—Mr. Ladds, to whom you refer, grows all his Tea 
Boses in large pots, but many other growers have them planted out. The 
latter plan gives the largest blooms, but those in pots are more useful and 
admit of the house being put to other purposes when the Roses are outside. 
The only way to get large blooms is by good feeding, and for this to be of 
any avail the plants must have active roots; therefore the plants must be 
established in a good soil, and with plenty of roots there is no difficulty in 
increasing the size of the blooms by rich surface dressings and the applica¬ 
tion of liquid manure. All the artificial manures are good. A little of any 
of them sprinkled on the surface of the pots and washed in will make a 
great deal of difference in the growth and size of the blooms. Bonemeal is 
a capital dressing for Roses in pots, and Beeson’s, Clay’s, Jensen’s, die., are 
capital fertilisers. A surface dressing of manure, to which a quart of bone- 
meal and a quart of soot have been added and intermixed with half a bushel 
of the manure is first rate, applied as a surface dressing about an inch thick, 
and renewed from time to time as it becomes reduced or wastes away. 
Liquid manure should be given once or twice a week, than which there is 
none better than cow dung put in a sack or coarse bag, and at the rate of a 
peck to 30 gallons of water. If no surface dressing is used containing soot, 
then add soot also in a bag at the rate of a peck to 30 gallons of water or 
00 gallons for the peck each of cow dung and soot. No pruning is necessary, 
only any weak worn-out wood is cut out to encourage young and strong 
growth, on which the finest flowers are produced. 
Substitute for Wood Ashes in Compost for Chrysanthemums 
(J". L. J.). —The potash of commerce will hardly do for mixing with the 
soil for Chrysanthemums. It would be much better to apply the potash as 
surface-dressing and in combination with other manurial substances, as 
potash is not all that is required to ensure a good clean growth, and there is 
danger of disaster from too much potash; indeed, all salts require to be 
given in small supplies, and not too frequently. Urine contains potash 
largely, and we find that the drainings of stables, diluted with six times 
its bulk of clear water, sufficiently powerful for Chrysanthemums if given 
twice a week. Amies’, Clay’s, Beeson’s, Jensen’s, and other advertised 
manures contain potash. You may use any of these with safety, and as we 
have proved with benefit for mixing with the soil at potting at the rate of 
a quart to a bushel of compost, and if you use calcined oyster shells or 
crushed bones, or drainage an inch thick over the two or three large pieces 
of crocks atthelast potting, nothing more is wanted in the soil,as the chief 
thing is to get a good rooting medium and feed with liquid or rich surface 
dressings. A teaspoonful of sulphate of ammonia to three gallons of water 
is the best liquid we have used, it being applied once a we»k; the other 
waterings being of animal manure and soot, one peck each to sixty or 
seventy gallons of water, and the drainings of the stables, mostly urine, 
diluted with six times the quantity of water. The plants, therefore, were 
watered every other day with stimulating food—viz., ammonia water, cow 
manure, soot, and stable tank water, and on other days with water only. 
Surface-dressings are excellent, but they must be used j udiciously and not 
frequently, or at intervals of ten days to a fortnight ; less frequently iu moist 
and more frequently in dry weather. If highly fed in wet weather the plants 
attain a luxuriance which is not sustained in dry weather, and the flower¬ 
ing is considerably affected. The thing is to get a sturdy growth thoroughly 
solidified or ripened, and then fine blooms may be relied upon. As a surface 
dressing, six parts superphosphate of lime and one part each of sulphate of 
ammonia and potash of commerce is likely to form an excellent stimulant, but 
we have not tried it sufficiently to warrant our confidently advising its use. It 
should be used in moderation, about a teaspoonful on the surface of a 9-inch 
pot, and the surface scratched a little with a label after its application, and 
then washed well in with a rose watering-pot. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to 
be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. 
{Bishop). —1, New Bess Pool; 2, Winter Greening ; 3, Not known. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(C. L.). —Oxalis rosea. (U. Coombs). —Aspidistra lurida variegata. (IF. C., 
Peebles). —It is a stunted specimen of Abies nobilis. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— May 5th. 
Good supplies of Grapes now reaching us at reduced prices. Strawberries 
inclined to advance. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
Apples .. .. 
2 
0 to S 
6 
Peaches . 
per doz. 
G 
0 ti20 
0 
„ Canadian 
.. barrel 
12 
0 
20 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs, Kent .. 
per 100 lbs. 27 
6 
30 
0 
,, dessert 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English., lb. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Grape?, New.. 
2 
G 
6 
0 
Plums. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons .. .. 
. .. case 
2 
G 
4 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Melon .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Strawberries .. .. 
per lb. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Oranges 
4 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8 
d 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Artichokes .. 
.. dozen 
l 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lettuce . 
dozen 
1 
0 to 
l 
6 
Asparagus 
.. bundle 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Mushrooms .. . 
punnet 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
.. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions . 
bunoh 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
g 
0 
s 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
.. 4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums .. 
.. 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
3 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers .. 
.. dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery .. .. 
i 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera .. .. 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale .. .. per basket 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Cucumbers 
.. each 
0 
8 
0 
8 
Shallots. 
.. it). 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Endive .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
8 
e 
4 
0 
Heros .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. .. 
.. lb. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Leeks .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips .. .. „ 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Aralia Sieboldi .. dozen 9 
Arbor vitae (golden) dozen 0 
,, (common) dozen 6 
Arum Lilies .. .. dozen 9 
Azaleas.dozen 24 
Begonias .. .. dozen 0 
Bouvardia .. ,. dozen 0 
Cineraria .. .. dozen 6 
Cyclamen .. .. dozen 12 
Cyperus.dozen 4 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 30 
,, viridis .. dozen 12 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
d. s. d. 
0 to 18 0 
0 0 0 
12 0 
18 0 
42 
0 
0 
10 
24 
12 
60 0 
24 0 
Ficus elastica 
Ferns, in variety .. 
Foliage Plants, var. 
Genistas .. .. 
Hyacinths 
each 
dozen 4 
each 2 
dozen 6 
dozen 
s. d. 
1 
a. 
Lilies of the Valley, in 
pots, per doz. 12 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 8 
Myrtles.dozen 6 
Palms, in var. .. each 2 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 4 
Primulas, single, dozen 0 
S to 7 0 
0 18 0 
0 10 0 
0 12 0 
0 0 0 
18 0 
12 0 
12 0 
21 0 
8 0 
0 0 
Erica, various 
Euonymus, in 
.. dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Solanum 
.. .. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
var. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Spirma .. 
6 
0 
12 
9 
Evergreens, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Tulips .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Abntilons 
12 hunches 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Marguerites 
.. 12 bunches 
8 
0 
to 6 
e 
Anemone .. 
doz. bunctes 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette 
.. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Arum Lilies . 
12 blooms 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Narcissus, various 12 bnche3 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Azalea .. . 
12 sprays 
0 
6 
i 
0 
0 
9 
i 
0 
Bouvardias . 
per bunch 
1 
0 
i 
6 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Camellias 
12 blooms 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Poinsettia 
.. 12 b’ooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Carnations . 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Boses (indoor), per dozen 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Tea.. 
0 
9 
2 
0 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ red 
.. .. dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cowslips .. 
doz. bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Primrose?, 
Yellow, dozen 
Cyclamen 
doz. blooms 
0 
4 
0 
6 
bunches 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Daffodils 
12 bunches 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Primroses, 
Double White, 
Epiphyilum .. 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen bunches .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Eucharis 
per dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Spiraea .. 
.. 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gardenias 
12 blooms 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Tropaeolum 
.. 12 bunches 
a 
0 
3 
0 
Hellebore 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberoses 
.. 12 blooms 
l 
6 
2 
0 
Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Tulips .. 
dozen blooms 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Dutch .. per box 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Violets .. 
.. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Czar, 
Fr., .. bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lapageria, red 
.. 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ Parme, French, per 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 blms. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
bunch .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Wallflower 
.. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
THE FUTURE OF FARMING. 
When the fall value comes to be known generally of the con¬ 
stituents of artificial manure, and farmers are able to distinguish 
between nitrogenous, phosphatic, alkaline and calcareous 
manures, and the relative value of each fertiliser and its 
particular use as plant food is known, the somewhat vague 
term of artificial will probably give place to the more appro¬ 
priate appellation of chemical manures. The mere use of 
manures has been termed “ Adding artificially to the fertility 
of the land.” Why artificially ? If we assist Nature in the 
right way she contributes materially to the fertility of the 
soil, but in order to obtain all that is possible from it we 
must make good each element of fertility in which it is 
deficient, and to do this as economically as possible we must 
know what was taken from it by the last crop, what will be 
required by the next one. In the acquisition of such know¬ 
ledge we need not at the outset trouble ourselves much about 
