June 17, 1886. ] 
JOURNAL OF H0RT1GULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
499 
Early Beatrice Peach (J. M .).—The fruits not having been packed 
securely arrived in the form of jam, caused by shaking to and fro in the tin 
box. This also nearly converted the paper on which you had written to its 
original pulp, and we can only decipher a portion of your letter. Your 
Peach is probably correctly named. It is one of the earliest in cultivation, 
and the following the description:—Fruit medium sized, 2$ inches in 
diameter; round, a little pointed at the apex, and marked on one side with 
a distinct suture. Skin with a yellowish ground, but almost covered with 
blotches of bright red, and altogether very highly coloured. Flesh melting 
and juicy, richly flavoured, and adhering slightly by some of its fibres to the 
stone, which is white. Flowers white. Leaves with kidney-shaped glands. 
Orange Fungus on Roses (J. IF., Pershore ).—We have never seen a 
worse attack of this fungus than on the shoot and bud you have sent. No 
application could effect a cure in such an extreme case, for the bud could 
not possibly expand and develope into a presentable flower if it had been 
left on the plant. A weak solution of sulphate of copper has been found of 
service. Dissolve 2 ozs. of blue vitriol in hot water, then mix in two or 
three gallons of cold water, and apply to the affected parts with a sponge. 
Harris’s sulphide of potassium has also been found effectual by some culti¬ 
vators. It can be obtained from chemists, with directions for use. Mr. 
Bardney, who grows Tea Roses extensively, keeps their foliage and also 
that of fruit trees under glass perfectly free from mildew and insects by the 
following plan :—About 2 lbs. of soap are placed in a saucepan with a little 
water, and boiled for about twenty minutes. This is mixed with five or six 
gallons of water and kept in a large flower-pot. Half a pint of the solution 
is placed in a large water-pot full of water used for syringing. Neither 
insects nor mildew appear able to exist on the foliage, while nothing can 
exceed the admirable condition of the trees and Roses. It is important 
that it be used regularly—that is, whenever the syringe is employed. 
Lime Rubbish for Vines (J. G., Somerset ).—It is not necessary to crush 
the particles to powder; if they are broken to the size of walnuts, down¬ 
wards, there will be no lack of dust. The particles and dust should be 
mixed with the loam. If this is of a rather strong holding nature Mr. 
Barron recommends in his excellent book 1 cubic yard for mixing with 5 or 
6 yards of loam ; but the quantity to use depends entirely on the texture 
of the soil with which it is to be incorporated. Large particles of lime 
rubbish are suitable for drainage, on which the soil of Vine borders rests, 
a layer of turves being laid grass downwards to keep the drainage clear, 
due provision being also made for the free outlet of water that passes 
through the borders. Provided you do not lay the cross boards on the 
Vine border when it is very wet they will do no harm whatever, but, on the 
contrary, may do good in preventing the escape of moisture from the surface 
of the soil in summer. We have known the surface of Vine borders netted 
with roots under boards that bad been on the soil throughout the summer, 
and the roots covered with rich rough soil contributed materially to the 
health and fruitfulness of the Vines. We are of opinion that many Vine 
borders are kept too loose and dry near the surface in hot weather. 
Araucaria imbricata Coning (W. Ellis ).—Many Araucarias have pro¬ 
duced cones in this country, and seedlings have been raised at Bicton and 
Dropmore. The pollen-bearing and seed-producing catkins are quite dis¬ 
similar in form, and are usually borne on separate trees, but not always. 
On this subject we cite from Veitch’s admirable work that is mentioned on 
another page. “ The Araucarias are not absolutely dioecious, probably far 
from it. There is a tree of Araucaria imbricata at Bicton, in Devonshire, 
that has borne catkins of both kinds for several years past, and many 
young plants have been raised from the seeds of its fertile cones. A fine tree 
at South Lytchelt, in Dorsetshire, has shown the same peculiarity. As the 
numerous healthy trees now growing all over Great Britain become cone¬ 
bearing, the monoecious principle may probably be found among them to 
an extent not hitherto suspected. The difference in the sex of the trees was 
generally thought to give rise to the difference in aspect and habit that 
occurs so frequently among plants of the same species. The Araucarias, 
like other Coniferse, are now known to be polymorphous, irrespective of sex, 
which is Bhown by the numerous varieties and sub-varieties of nearly all the 
kinds under cultivation, and are constantly making their appearance.” 
We do not remember where the finest Araucaria is to be seen, but the 
magnificent Dropmore specimen was measured in 1881, its height being 
then 61 feet 6 inches, the circumference round the extremities of the 
branches as they rested on the ground 100 feet, the girth of the truDk, 3 feet 
from the ground, 7 feet 4 inches. It is a male or pollen-bearing form, and 
we have not seen a larger or more perfect example. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not move than six specimens can be named at once. 
(A. B. C.). —Dendrobium Dalhousianum. (A. C., Liverpool). —The yellow 
flower is Lycaste aromatica, the other is Cattleya Forbesi. (■/. R.). —1, Di- 
placus glutinosus; 2, Berberis empetrifolia. 
Supering (A Bee-keeper ).—It is not necessary to ventilate the supers, 
and if you make any perforations the bees will seal them with propolis. 
The supers will be quite warm enough in your bee house without extra 
protection. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— June 16th. 
Our market very depressed, and all classes of goods lower. 
Apples .. 
Cobs, Kent 
Figs 
Grapes 
Lemons .. 
Melon .. 
FRUIT. 
s. d. s. d. 
4 sieve 2 0 to 8 6 
perlOOlbs.27 6 
.. dozen 8 0 
.. .. It. 1 6 
.. ,.case 10 0 
.. ..each 1 6 
30 0 
6 0 
4 0 
15 0 
3 6 
Oranges .100 
Peaohes.per doz. 
s. d. s. d. 
Strawberries .. 
0 to 6 
0 10 
Pine Apples English., lb. 1 
Plums. J sieve 0 
St. Michael Pines ..each 4 
per lb. 2 
Artichokes .. 
. dozen 
8 . 
1 
d. 8 . 
0 to 0 
d 
0 
Asparagus .. . 
. bundle 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Beet, Red .. 
, dozen 
i 
0 
a 
0 
Broccoli . 
. bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts , 
. 4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage . 
. dozen 
X 
6 
0 
0 
Capsicums .. . 
. 100 
1 
6 
a 
0 
Carrots . 
. bunch 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Cauliflowers .. . 
. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Celery .. 
, bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Coleworts doz. 
bunches 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Cucumbers •• . 
. each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Endive .. 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Herbs . 
. bunch 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Leeks .. .. . 
. bunch 
0 
8 
0 
4 
PLANTS 
s. d. s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi .. dozen 9 0 to 18 0 
Arbor vitas (golden) dozen 0 0 0 0 
,, (common) dozen 6 0 12 0 
Arum Lilies .. .. dozen 0 0 0 0 
Azaleas.dozen 0 0 0 0 
Bedding Plants, var. doz. 10 2 0 
Begonias .. .. dozen 6 0 9 0 
Calceolaria .. per dozen 6 0 12 0 
Cineraria .. .. dozen 00 00 
Cyclamen .. .. dozen 0 0 0 0 
Cyperus.dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 30 0 60 0 
„ viridis .. dozen 12 0 24 0 
Erica, various .. dozen 12 0 24 0 
Euonymus, in var. dozen 6 0 18 0 
Evergreens, in var. dozen 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in variety .. dozen 4 0 18 0 
ILES. 
8. d. s. d 
Lettuce .. • 
6 
Mushrooms . 
. ..punnet 0 6 
i 
0 
Mustard and Cress punnet 0 2 
0 
0 
Onions .. .. 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 2 0 
8 
0 
Parsnips.. ., 
2 
0 
Potatoes .. . 
5 
(J 
,, Kidney .. cwt. 4 0 
5 
(1 
Rhubarb.. . 
0 
0 
Salsafy .. 
X 
6 
Scorzonera 
. .. bundle 1 6 
0 
0 
Seakale .. .. 
per basket 0 0 
0 
0 
Shallots .. 
0 
0 
Spinach .. ,, 
4 
0 
Tomatoes 
0 
0 
Turnips .. .. 
0 
6 
N POTS. 
s. d. 
8 . 
a. 
Ficus elastica 
.. each 1 6 to 
7 
0 
Fuchsia 
per dozen 6 0 
12 
0 
Foliage Plants, 
var. each 2 0 
10 
0 
Genistas 
.. dozen 0 0 
0 
0 
Hydrangea .. 
per dozen 9 0 
18 
0 
Ivy Geraniums 
per dozen 3 0 
6 
0 
Lilies o 1 the 
Valley, in 
pots, per doz. 0 0 
0 
0 
Lobelias .. .. 
per dozen 4 0 
6 
0 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 8 0 
12 
0 
Mignonette .. 
per dozen 4 0 
8 
0 
Musk .. .. 
per dozen 2 0 
4 
0 
Myrtles .. .. 
12 
0 
Palms, in var. 
.. each 2 6 
21 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 3 0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums 
per dozen 9 0 
18 
0 
Spiraea .. .. 
12 
9 
CUT FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
a 
Abntilons 
.. 12 bunches 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Marguerites .. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
to 6 
0 
Anemone . 
doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignonette .. 12 bnnehes 
S 
0 
6 
0 
Arum Lilies 
.. 12 blooms 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Narciesus, various 12 bnches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Azalea .. 
.. 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Double white 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Bouvardias 
.. per bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
0 
9 
i 
0 
Camellias 
.. 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Carnations 
.. 12 blooms 
1 
0 
s 
0 
Paeonies, various 12 b'ooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ranunculus .. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Cowslips 
.. doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Roses (indoor), per dozen 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Daffodils 
.. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Tea. dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Epiphyilnm 
.. doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ red .. .. dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eacharis 
.. per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Primroses, Yellow, dozen 
Gardenias 
.. 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
dozen bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hellebore 
. doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Primroses, Double White, 
Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pyrethrum .. 12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Iris .. .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Spiraea .. .. 12 sprays 
9 
6 
i 
0 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stephanotis .. 12 sprays 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Lapageria, red ..12 blooms 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Tropjeolum .. 12 bunches 
i 
0 
S 
0 
Lilac 
.. per bunch 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses •. 12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
6 
I,ilium longiflorum, 12 blms. 
s 
0 
< 
0 
Violets .. .. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily o t the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Czar, Fr., .. bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
THE FUTURE OF FARMING. 
In the papers specially devoted to this subject we have 
called attention in general terms to the soil, manures, the 
economy of Nature, of practice, of time, to the importance of 
thorough work, the use of pure seeds, the improvement of 
grass land, to the reduction of rent, and the size of farms. 
Many other subjects present themselves to us as having an 
influence for good or evil upon the future of farming; but 
they may be dealt with more usefully in full detail, each 
being taken alone, and therefore we purpose bringing the 
general consideration of it to a close in this paper. 
Success in the future as in the present, after all that can 
be said about it, depends more upon individual effort than 
anything else. A. man may work hard to very little purpose 
if he lacks intelligence and skill for the guidance of his 
work, and one lesson of the depression not hard to learn is 
the plain fact that if any man can he a farmer it by no means 
follows that he will be a successful one. Farms to let are 
now plentiful enough ; we have several, and in offering them 
to would-be tenants the conditions of hire are influenced by 
the condition of the land and the situation of the farm. In 
common fairness this should have weight both with landlord 
and tenant, and with due allowance for this, we fail to see 
why a really clever farmer should not make farming answe 
