July 25, 1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
79 
Chrysanthemum Shoots Eaten (S. S .).—The shoots have 
arrived quite fresh this time, and they confirm our suspicions that 
either caterpillars or earwigs, or both, have injured them seriously, 
and one of the shoots has been punctured near the end with a minute 
weevil, causing the tip to curl down. You ought to have observed the 
attacks much sooner and caught the depredators, also applied insecti¬ 
cides. If the best cultivators were not more watchful and prompt in 
action than you have been they would not win so many prizes. Take 
off the worst tops and force new shoots as soon as possible, taking 
care they are not eaten in turn. You ask if soot water would cause 
injury, while in a reply just above the one to yourself we advised it 
to be used, and we are not in the habit of advising that which is 
injurious ; applied weak and clear it is beneficial. You may syringe 
your plants every evening with either a solution of nicotine soap, 
Gishurst compound, or softsoap and quassia water, as may be conve¬ 
nient, and when the tips of the shoots are wet, dust them with tobacco 
powder and snuff ; but you should catch the enemies as we advised last 
week. 
Azalea indica from Cutting's ( Liverpool ).—Most of the plants 
cultivated in this country are obtained by grafting choice varieties on 
a vigorous growing common Azalea, and in this manner they can be the 
most quickly grown to a serviceable size. Cuttings are not difficult to 
strike, and own-root plants are usually the most dwarf in habit. The 
cuttings should be made from young or this season’s growth, which is 
now sufficiently firm for the purpose. They ought to be about 3 inches 
long, cut to a joint, and the lower leaves trimmed off. A bellglass will 
be needed for covering them, and the pot used should be just large 
enough to enclose this inside of the rim. Well drain the pot, fill up 
firmly with sandy peat soil, and finish off with a thick surfacing of 
silver sand. Insert the cuttings thickly, taking care that they touch 
the bottom of the holes, and to fix them firmly, then give water through 
a fine rose and cover with the bellglass. A gentle heat, or from 55° to 
C0°, is necessary, and the cuttings must be carefully shaded. After they 
are rooted, which is a slow process, remove them to a cooler house, and 
gradually remove the bellglass. Pot singly in thumb pots, and keep 
them in a close frame till they have rooted into the fresh soil (fine peat 
and sand), pinch out their points, and keep them steadily growing, a 
larger shift being given as needed. 
Hand and other Bouquets {0. I., Chester ).—Where so many 
err when making hand bouquets is in crowding the materials together, 
the flowers crushing against and hiding each other, and this therefore 
you must carefully avoid. Nor is it wise to use more than two, or at 
the most three distinct colours, a general mixture being altogether 
wrong. Select the choicest and most elegant flowers, and where the 
stems are stout substitute pliable wire stems. Also wire all that have 
fine stems, including the Maidenhair fronds for surrounding the 
flowers. Wire suitable for binding, and for light and heavy stems, 
can be procured from florists or seedsmen. Wire stems are not cum¬ 
bersome, and, in addition, admit of the flowers being bent in any 
position. It is surprising how well flow r ers keep in a bouquet with 
much of their stems removed, one preserving the other ; but in binding 
the wires to delicate stems, such as Eucharises and Pancratiums, first 
surround them with either a little soft fresh moss or well moistened 
cotton wool. The latter ought never to be used unless it is previously 
moistened, as it is liable to absorb moisture from the flowers. A good 
central flower should be chosen, nothing being better for the purpose 
than a perfect half-opened Marechal Niel, Niphetos, The Bride, 
Catherine Mermet, or some other Tea Kose of a delicate colour. Pass 
a wire or two through the tube of these, and fix firmly to a straight 
piece of hazel wood of near the size round of a lead pencil, this being a 
good foundation for the handle of a bouquet. Every flower must be 
bound in separately, and further, kept from wedging in with the aid of 
fresh, clean, and springy moss, packed behind them without showing 
on the upper side. Do not let the flowers fall away from the centre 
too rapidly, a conical bouquet being decidedly faulty; and if a rather 
large bouquet is needed—and it is useless to form a small one for a 
flower show—the outer rings of flowers must have extra long stems. 
After a nicely rounded, well-balanced bouquet has been made, the next 
proceeding should be to lighten it with the aid of single pips of Stepha- 
notis, Tuberoses, Jessamine, Orchid flowers, Pancratiums, and elegant 
light green small fronds of Maidenhair Fern, nothing being better than 
Adiantum gracillimum. Each and all of these should have a wire 
stem, and be drawn down through the groundwork, and are thus left 
in a more natural and elegant position than is the case when they are 
bound in at the same time as the other flowers. That is one of the 
greatest secrets in bouquet making. Finish off with a good fringe of 
Maidenhair Fern fronds, and if these are neatly wired they can be made 
to recurve gracefully over the bouquet paper finally attached. A 
ladies’ spray should be made on a foundation of either a strong Maiden¬ 
hair frond, or a spray of Asparagus nanus, duly wired. All the flowers 
used ought also to be very neatly wired, and these again should be 
choice, elegant, and the colours not much mixed. Small Tea Bose buds 
are very appropriate for the purpose, these being taken through the 
centre, the smallest near the point, and surrounded by other flowers, or 
they may be arranged irregularly over the spray. Young, highly 
coloured shoots of Tea Boses, notably Sunset, are very effective in 
sprays. Whatever is used must be neatly bound in with fine wire, and 
having wire stems, the flowers needing it may be given an upward twrn, 
so as to show them to the best advantage. Sprays are most effective 
when displayed on a small board covered with black velvet. Gentle¬ 
men’s buttonhole bouquets ought to be neat, and consist of one or two 
colours only. A single* tiny creamy white or pale yel’ow Bose bud, with 
perhaps a small piece or twp of Bouvardia, Forget-me-not, Stephanotis 
pips, neat Orchid, or some other elegant flower, backed by a frond of 
Adiantum mundulum, all duly and neatly wired, would be a model. 
The majority of the buttonhole bouquets shown are too large and 
common-looking, such as no gentleman of taste would care to wear. 
Names of Fruits. (G. II.). —As we have many times stated 
Peaches and Nectarines cannot be named without good leaves for 
observing the glands, and information regarding the size of the flowers. 
The Peach arrived in a shapeless mass. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(W. II.). —1, Oncidium longipes ; 2, Pellionia pulchra ; 3, Pellionia 
Daveauiana; 4, Polypodium Dryopteris ; 5, Linaria bipartita. {Novice). 
—1, Centaurea Isnardi ; 2, Capsella Bursa-pastoris ; 3, Veronica Bux- 
baumi; 4, Mentha sativa ; 5, Lysimachia Nummularia ; 9, Polygonum 
aviculare. We only name six varieties, and cannot undertake to give 
the names of all wild flowers that may be collected. ( JC. M .).—1 and 
2, Forms of Lilium pardalinum ; 3, L. Martagon; 4, Verbascum 
olympicum ; 5, Spiraea venusta ; 6, Campanula lactiflora. (G. if!.).— 
1, Achillea Ptarmica flore-pleno ; 2, Lilium candidum (for notes on 
forcing see page 55 last week) ; 3, one of the many unnamed forms 
of Chrysanthemum coronarium. 
COVENT GABDEN MAEKET.— July 24th. 
Supplies of soft fruit coming shorter. Hothouse goods heavy. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Auples, 4 sieve. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
tr .9 
0 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Canada, per barrel 
7 
0 
16 
0 
Red Currants, per i-eieve 
S 
6 
4 
0 
Cherries, J sieve .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Black ,, ,« 
5 
0 
5 
6 
Grapes, per Fb. 
0 
9 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pina , each 
2 
0 
6 
O 
Lemons, case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
9 
VEGETABLES. 
8e 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
e. 
A. 
Artichokes, dozen •• •• 
1 
0 to 8 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
to 1 
3 
Asparagus, bundle .. .. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet,Red, dozen .. ., 
1 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, per cwt. .. 
8 
0 
9 
O 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprout?, £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. ,, 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots, bunch •• M 
0 
4 
0 
0 
,, Kidnev,per cwt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. ,. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
8 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
G 
Shallots, per lb . .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Heros, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per fb. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch •• •• 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
E. 
d. 
6. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms ., 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
to 6 
0 
Asters (Fr.), per bunch.. 
i 
0 
i 
9 
Mignonette, 12 bnnehes 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Bcuvardiae, bunch .. .. 
0 
f> 
l 
0 
Myoaotis or Forgetmenots 
Gaelu?. dozen blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
doz. bunches 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Carnations, 13 blooms .. 
1 
0 
S 
0 
Narcisi (various) .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pansies, dozen bnnohes .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Clove Carnations, 12 bnchs 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Cornflower, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
4 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bunohes 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Enchari8, dozen .. ,. 
2 
6 
6 
0 
Pmmies, dozen blooms .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms •• 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pinks (various) 12 bnchs. 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Gladioli, per bunch.. .. 
0 
6 
i 
6 
Polyanthus, doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gladiolus brenchleyensis, 
Roses, Moss, doz. bunches 
6 
0 
12 
0 
dozen sprays. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
„ (indoor),dozen 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Iris, dozen banohes 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ Mixed, doz. bunches 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Lilac, White (French), 
„ Red, dozen bnnehes 
4 
0 
9 
0 
per bunch . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ „ 12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium auratum, 12 blms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen,. 
1 
0 
5 
0 
Lilium candidum, 12 blms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
,, Yellow . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ „ 12 bnchs 12 
0 
24 
0 
Suirma, dozen bunohes .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilium lengiflorum, 12 
Stephanotis, doz. ppraya 
2 
0 
s 
0 
blooms. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
O 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Sweet Peas. doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Sweet Sul; an, „ 
4 
0 
6 
0 
bnnehes. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B, 
d. 
8. 
d. 
b. d. 
8, 
d. 
Aralis Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen.. .. 
4 
0 
io 9 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Geranium?, Ivy, doz. 
s 
0 
5 
0 
Arbor vitae (golden''dozaa 12 
0 
24 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Asters, 12 pots. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lobe'ias, per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Caladiums, per doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Calceolaria, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Musk, per do.en .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
O 
„ Herbaceous „ 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Christmas Bose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Naatartiums, per dozen.. 
» 
6 
4 
O 
Cineraria, per dozapi 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
0 
21 
0 
Dracrcnaterrainalio, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Dr&< sena viridia, d( z. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Pe 1 irigomums, per dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Erioa Carendishi, doz. .. 
0 
0 
» 
0 
Rhodauthe, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ various, doz. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Saxafraga pyramidal:?, 
EuOnymua, var.. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
psr dozen .. .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Spiran, par dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ palmata, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus ela3tica, each 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Stocks, per dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Foliaga pUi-ts, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
