August 8, 1889. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
123 
apt to flourish for a few years and then become barren, sickly, and not 
unfrequently die outright; they must, therefore, be watched closely, 
and prompt attention be given to the slightest indication of debility, 
which undoubtedly arises most frequently from exhaustion. The station 
once abounding with fertility has become sterile, the roots having 
ramified in it till it has become permeated with them in every direction 
and lost all its goodness. The remedy is obvious. Make a trench 2 or 
3 feet wide and 2 feet deep around the station, fill it with soil similar to 
that used for the station, and feed the roots with sewage until they have 
entered the new soil. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
( W. B .~).—A light coloured variety of Crinum longifolium. QR. S .).— 
1, Lythrum Salicaria. 2, Chrysanthemum segetum. 3, Lilium chal- 
cedonicum, (fl/., Croydoii). —1, Linaria Cymbalaria, the Ivy-leaved 
Toadflax. 2, Epilobium angustifolium. 3, Asplenium cicutarium. 
4, Adiantum tenerum. (A. B.~). —1, Begonia ferruginea. 2, Polystichum 
aculeatum. 3, Adiantum pedatum. 4, Dracaena congesta. (A. S .).— 
Oncidium leucochilum. (J. C .').—The specimen is too imperfect to 
permit the determination of its specific name, but the portion of a flower 
received seems to be a Catasetum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 7th. 
Market quiet owing to the holidays. 
FBUIT. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
AppleB, 1 sieve.. .. .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
„ Soya Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Canada, per barrel 
7 
0 
16 
0 
Red Currants, per £-sieve 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Cherries, i sieve .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Back „ 
6 
0 
5 
6 
Grapes, per H>. 
0 
9 
2 
6 
St. Michael Pine , each 
a 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. .. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 to 8 
0 
Lettuoe, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
to 1 
3 
Asparagus, bundle .. .. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
6 
i 
0 
Beans, Kidney,per lb. •• 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Beet,Red, dozen .. M 
1 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, per cwt. .. 
8 
0 
9 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
s 
0 
Cabbage, dozen •• . • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
t 
0 
Carrots, bunch ., .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
„ Kidnev.per cwt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
8 
2 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunchos 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Soorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
8 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Shallots, per lb •• .. 
0 
S 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Hero?, bunch .. e « 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch .. .. .. 
0 
8 
4 
Turnips, bunch .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
flowers; 
B. 
d. 
P. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Marguerites. IS bunches 
a 
0 
to 6 
0 
Asters (Fr ), per bunch.. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
l 
0 
3 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. • • 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Myosotis or Forgefcmenots 
Cactus dozen blooms .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
doz. bunches 
l 
6 
4 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Narcis* (various) .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pansies,dozen bunches .. 
i 
0 
8 
0 
Clove Carnations, 12 bnchs 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Cornflower, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
4 
0 
,, scarlet, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. •• 
2 
6 
6 
0 
Pmmies, doz m blooms .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
P.nks (various) 12 baehs. 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Gladioli, per bunch.. .. 
0 
6 
i 
6 
Polyanthus, doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gladiolus brenchlejensis, 
Roses (indoor), dozeD .. 
0 
8 
1 
6 
dozen sp’ays. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
„ Mixed, doz. bunches 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Iris, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ Red, doz in bunohes 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lilac, White (French), 
,, ,, 12 blooms 
0 
8 
i 
0 
per bunch . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Lilium auratum, 12 blms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Yellow . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium candidum, IS blms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Spirma, dozm bmohea .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Stephanotis, doz. sprays 
2 
0 
3 
0 
blooms. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
8 
Sweet Peas, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Sweet Sultan, „ 
3 
0 
4 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
a. 
P. 
d. 
p. d. 
B. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, per doz°n .. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Geranium?, I?y, doz. 
8 
0 
5 
0 
Arbor vitfefgoldcnl dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Hy IraDgea, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Asters, 12 pots. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lobelias, per dozen 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Balsams, per dozen.. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignom tte, per dozen •• 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Caladium8, per doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Musk, per do-en .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Calceolaria, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
e 
0 
12 
0 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen,. 
2 
8 
4 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
a 
0 
21 
0 
Cockscombs, per dozen .. 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargonium?, scarlet, 12 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Dracrcnaterminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
P^l trgoniump, per dozen 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Dracaena viridis. doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
S 
0 
6 
0 
Erica Cavendishi, doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Saxafraga pyramidalis, 
Euonymus, var. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
par dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Spii mi T par dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ palmata, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastics, each 
i 
6 
7 
0 
StockB, per dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENT. 
That the depressed agriculturist is a much advised man is very 
true, but it is equally true that much of the advice showered upon 
him is not at all good or worthy of attention. No doubt a certain 
amount of failure and bankruptcy have followed in the train of 
depression ; that was inevitable, because in every class there are 
individuals so devoid of originality as to be quite unable to rise to 
an emergency or to grapple with and overcome difficulties of a 
novel character. This has been the case of many farmers during 
the last decade. Most of them were probably very worthy men, 
perfectly industrious, sober, and honest, and doing their utmost to 
stem the tide of failure which swept over their affairs with a force 
that they were unable to resist. Evidence of such failures has- 
been and is still present with us in the numerous vacant farms that 
have fallen upon the hands of landlords. This is indeed stem 
reality, and we do well to inquire were the failures inevitable, and' 
could not they have been avoided ? 
Not by any means difficult is it to answer that they were 
inevitable in almost every instance, simply because of the ignorance 
and incapacity of the sufferers. Most of them had been com 
growers all their lives, other branches of farming received little 
attention from them, and when corn fell in value they continued 
growing it for the simple reason that their habits were fixed and; 
they could turn to nothing else. Meanwhile the demand for dairy 
produce was steadily increasing, complaints of the inferior andl 
changeable character of home made butter were loud and general,, 
the foreign producer saw and seized his opportunity, and the butter 
merchants’ demand for a regular and adequate supply of butter of 
a high and fixed quality was ably met by the farmers of the Conti¬ 
nent, Denmark taking the lead, followed by France, Germany, 
and Holland. Importations from other countries are also consider¬ 
able, the total amount lost to the British farmer in 1888 for this- 
article alone being £8,902,193. We may as well add to this: 
£4,542,278 for cheese, and £3,077,109 for eggs, or a grand total of 
£16,521,580 paid to the foreign producer in 1888 for three articles: 
of farmyard produce, most of which might just as well have been 
expended upon home produce, and doubtless would have been had 
it been forthcoming in suitable condition to command the markets.- 
But we have supinely suffered the foreigner to wrest so large a. 
portion of trade from uj, and he will not lightly be driven from the 
field now. To compete with him we must offer a first class article- 
at low rates, see that the quality is of uniform excellence, guaran¬ 
tee a regular supply, and so strive to establish a feeling of con¬ 
fidence between producer, salesman, and consumer. It is upon 
such principles that trade is built up and business connections 
formed ; the farmer’s part in it is surely patent enough. 
Perhaps the most striking proof of the truth of these remarks 
may be found in the failure of so many Essex farmers. Close to 
the huge metropolis, with the endless wants of its teeming millions,, 
this home county should be one of the most prosperous in the 
kingdom. This self-evident fact induced Scotch farmers to turn 
their attention to it. They found plenty of vacant farms offered 
at very low rents within twenty miles of London, and they hired 
them. But instead of attempting to grow corn almost all the land 
was brought under a system of alternate husbandry, and laid down 
in temporary pasture for at least four years, and at the end of that 
time, if the layers appeared sound, they were left for another two- 
years. The expenditure for labour was thus kept down from the 
first, milk and hay found a ready sale in London, any quantity of 
London dung was available for the land, so that the poverty 
