August 29, 1859. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
191 
generally the leaves appear as if the plant were in an exhausted state. 
Cut oil useless and affected leaves, and dust the remainder with sul¬ 
phur, and we do not think you need be under any apprehension of any¬ 
thing injurious passing from the Tomatoes to the fruit trees. If you 
would like us to make a further examination we are quite ready to do 
so if you send leaves packed in newly cut grass, so that they reach us 
as fresh as when cut; also state whether the plants are in pots or 
planted out, with a brief record of your treatment. We are convinced 
that half the evils to which Tomatoes are liable are brought about by 
errors in culture. 
Galls on Oaks (S. Bilton ).—These are caused by a small fly. The 
females of these gall-flies (which belong to the order Hymenoptera) are 
provided with a peculiar apparatus for egg-laying, by means of which 
they are able to insert one or more eggs with a small quantity of fluid into 
the part chosen for attack, and thus set up an irritation in the living 
tissues which causes the diseased growth, resulting in the shape of galls. 
In the case of the Cynips Kollari the egg is laid in the young bud when 
forming in the axil of the leaf, and the consequence is the globular 
growth of cellular tissue which we find, with the grub lying in the 
middle : towards autumn this changes to a pupa, and generally the 
gall-fly comes out shortly after, but sometimes not until the following 
year, or possibly even later. It is furnished with four transparent 
wings ; the body and abdomen are of a rusty or ochreous brown, and 
the base of the abdomen pitchy. As yet females only have been 
observed. 
Insects and Insecticides (E. Wilson ').—We can only repeat 
what we have previously said on this subject, that the various kinds of 
insecticides as far as we know are all good if rightly used. Nico¬ 
tine soap, Gishurst compound, Fir tree oil, Lemon oil, used in accord¬ 
ance with the instructions of the vendors, will destroy aphides ; but in 
the interests of safety rain water should be used for mixing purposes. 
Fir tree oil, for instance, mixed with some kinds of spring water, is 
injurious to the tender foliage of the plants and trees ; but the same 
quantity mixed in rain water is perfectly safe. A mixture of softsoap 
and quassia, 2 ozs. of each to a gallon of water, is safe and serviceable, 
and may be used with great advantage once a week before any insects 
are visible ; it is both a deterrent and destructor, and it is much better 
to deter than to destroy. Tobacco water is a well-proved remedy, the 
cheapest and best being the London tobacco juice, which is made from 
duty free tobacco, in accordance with a special grant, for the destruction 
of insects. 
Grubs in Soil (A. A .).—The grubs of the cockchafer are most 
difficult to destroy amongst growing crops without at the same time 
injuring them. The ammoniacal liquor from gas works can be diluted 
so as not only to be safe but beneficial to vegetation, and at the same 
time obnoxious to underground pests. The stronger it is the more 
effectual against these, and the degree of strength the crops will bear 
can be determined by a few small experiments. In the absence of 
gas liquor petroleum violently mixed in soapsuds with a little soda is 
good for the same purpose, and if not too strong acts as a manure that 
is especially good for Strawberries, and it is in beds of these that you 
find the grub so destructive. Try the effect of a wineglassful of petro¬ 
leum in a gallon of soapsuds on a plant or two that may be attacked, 
thoroughly saturating the ground, and note the result on the plants and 
grubs. Perhaps the former may endure a stronger application, but it 
is important that the mixture be briskly stirred at the moment of 
using. When ground is vacant gas lime is one of the best of applica¬ 
tions in clearing off various kind of grubs. It varies in strength con¬ 
siderably acccording to the time it is exposed to the air, and to be the 
most effectual it should be used fresh. We have applied it at the rate 
of a quarter of a pound to the square yard, well mixing it in the soil 
in digging, not burying it in heaps, with considerable advantage, but 
should not like to do so within two months of sowing or planting, 
though we know heavier dressings have been given with safety, and 
probably with benefit, when the land could have a longer rest. 
Raising 1 Clerodendron fallax from seed (J. II. S .).—A corre¬ 
spondent some time ago supplied the following particulars of the 
system he adopted, and they convey the information your require. 
“ The seeds were gathered from an old plant in the autumn, and in the 
first week of the succeeding March they were sown in a pan and placed 
in a heat of 60°. The soil used was finely sifted sandy peat. When 
the seedlings came up (and they were not long in doing so), they were 
almost immediately large enough to occupy 2-inch pots, and in potting 
them the same kind of soil was used, with the addition of a few hand¬ 
fuls of silver sand. They were kept in the same place until they were 
large enough to be shifted into 4-inch pots. When the plants were 
again established they were removed to a more airy place with plenty 
of light and shaded from the midday sun, but kept close to the glas ?. 
They had a temperature of 55°, with air admitted both at the back and 
front of the house, air being occasionally admitted all night, according 
to the weather. They remained in this position up to the opening of 
the first flower, but they were shifted into larger pots as they required 
until they were in 8 and 10-inch pots, according to size; these were 
their blooming pots. At the last two pottings a third of turfy loam 
was added to the compost, and one-fourth well decomposed cow manure 
finely sifted, also a few handfuls of charcoal broken fine. This mixture 
of soil will be found to improve the colour of the foliage and increase 
the size of the individual flowers. Water the plants plentifully at the 
root when required, but avoid syringing the foliage in the early part of 
the day, or even at any time, as a good moist atmosphere will be suffi¬ 
cient for the plants in the comparatively low temperature in -which 
they are growing. The principal insect enemies are red spider and 
green fly. The attacks of the former will be best guarded against by 
moisture in the atmosphere, and never allowing the roots and foliage of 
the young plants to become dry. For green fly the usual means of de¬ 
struction by fumigation will answer; this shou’d be particularly 
attended to just before the first flower opens, because if a few of these 
insects pass unobserved by the time the flowers expand there will be 
multitudes of them, and fumigating then will bring off all the flowers 
which are open.” 
names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(//. J. P .).—Lycaste Dappei. (IF., Reading ).—Your previous letter, 
with specimen, has not been received. The flower spike you now send 
is apparently a Bulbophyllum, but the material was too imperfect to 
permit of determination. Send us a portion of the plant if possible. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—August 28th. 
No alteration. Market very quiet. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
p. 
a. 
Apples, i sieve.. 
a 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 ., .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
2 
0 
8 
O 
Canada, per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums. J-sieva. 
3 
0 
4 
& 
Cherries, £ sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Red Currante, per £-sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per ft. 
0 
6 
2 
6 
Back „ ,. 
0 
0 
0 
« 
ZomoDi, case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
9 
0 
s 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8, 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Artichokes, dozen •• •« 
2 
0 
to 3 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 to 1 
s 
Asparagus, bundle .. • • 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet •• 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Bean?, Kiduey,perlb. .. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Mustard & Cress, punaet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
g 
0 
Onions, bushel .. •• 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
s 
0 
Brussels Sprout*, k sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. •• 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage,dozen . ., 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
S 
0 
Capsicums, per 1 00 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle •• .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. «• 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
l 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
9 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, per ft •• •• 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Cucucalvers, each ,. ., 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Endive, dozen.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Heros, bunch .. .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. •• 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Leeks, bunch •• .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
e. 
d. 
P. 
3. 
8. 
d. 
e. 
& 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
to 4 
0 
Lilinm longiSorum, 12 
Asters, per bunch, French 
0 
9 
1 
fi 
blooms. 
2 
0 io 5 
O 
„ doz n, Eaglish 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Carnations, Id blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
9 
0 
fi 
0 
,, 12bu:cbes.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Chrysanthemum?, dozui 
Myosotis or Forgetmenots 
blooms. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
doz. bunches 
1 
8 
3 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pansies,dozen bunohes .. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
bunches . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
i 
0 
Clove tarnations. 11 bnchs 
6 
0 
9 
0 
,, scarlet, 12 bunches 
0 
4 
0 
Cornflower, doz. bunches 
i 
0 
3 
0 
Pinks (variors) 12 baetas. 
3 
0 
6 
9 
Dahlias, doz( n bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Poppies, various, 12 bach3 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Gaillardia pict*, 12 bnchs 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, Mixed, doz bunches 
8 
0 
6 
G 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Red, di zm bunohes 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Glid'oli. per bunch.. .. 
0 
6 
i 
6 
„ „ 13 blsoms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gladiolus brenchleyensis, 
,, Tea, whit®, dozen.. 
1 
0 
s 
0 
dozen sp'ays. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
„ Yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Heli tnthus. or Su* fl >wer, 
Sjirasa, doz n bunohes .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen bunohes 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Stephanotis, do«. sprays 
2 
0 
S 
0 
la r gp, dozen ; looms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lr-pvgeria, 12 blooirs .. 
) 
0 
2 
fi 
Sweet Peas. dos. bunohes 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lavender, dizen bunohes 
-4 
0 
fi 
0 
Sweet Sul an, „ 
3 
0 
4 
G 
Lilinm anratum, 12 blm9 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms •• 
0 
6 
i 
G 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
a. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
Aralia Sleb >ldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 11 
0 
Fuch'ia, per doz rt n.. .. 
3 
0 
to 9 
G 
Amm Lilies, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Geranium-, Ivy, doz. 
8 
0 
5 
0 
Arbor vitae (golden'' dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Hydrangea, per c'ozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
O 
Asters. 12 pots. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
L -be i s, per dozen 
3 
0 
Bezonias, various, per doz. 4 
0 
13 
0 
Marguerite Da*sy. dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Balsams, per dozen.. .. 
3 
0 
fi 
0 
Mignon' tte. per dozen •• 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Caladiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per do en 
2 
0 
Calceolaria, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
OhrietmaR Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
n 
Nasturtium*, per dozen.. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
6 
0 
15 
0 
Palm*, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Cockscombs, p r dozen .. 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargonium*, scarlet, 12 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Dracfenaterminalis, doz. 
21 
0 
42 
0 
P-1 rgoniamo, per dozen 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Dra feria viridi*. doz. .. 
13 
0 
24 
0 
Rh'-dan* he, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erica Caveadishi, doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 xafraga pyramidalie, 
Eaonymua, var.. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
p ir dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
21 
0 
Solanuns, psr d’zen 
6 
0 
12 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Spiise’, pir dozen .. 
0 
0 
Ficus elastics, esch 
i 
6 
7 
0 
„ palmata, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
