September s, 1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
213 
spreading it evenly on the surface, a hundred cartloads per acre not 
being too much, and after frost it may be pointed in. The ground will 
not require any manure again until the trees are fruitful. Keeping the 
soil loose about fruit trees where it is already light is most injurious. A 
little thinning of the heads where too much crowded with wood would 
be advantageous, but we do not advise root-pruning or severe manipu¬ 
lation of the heads. If you cannot obtain the clay marl apply a dressing 
of lime at the rate of 200 bushels per acre, and in early autumn, not 
burying it deeply. 
Gardenias and Eacharises (<?. T.~). —So much depends on the 
condition of the Gardenias, and especially the state of the roots, that it 
is not easy to say whether your plants should be repotted or not. As¬ 
suming, however, that they will receive careful attention in watering, 
they may be safely transferred to pots just large enough to enable the 
fingers of the workman to pass freely round the balls of soil when in the 
fresh pots. A larger shift must be avoided. The soil, two-thirds turfy 
loam and one-third peat, with a little sand, must be pressed quite as 
firmly round the roots as the soil is in the present pots ; and both that 
soil and the soil to be used must be in a pleasantly moist state, neither 
very wet on the one hand or dry on the other. The growths must not 
be shortened. Let water be applied with judgment and the plants be 
syringed twice a day in bright weather. A shelf near the glass in a 
stove will be a suitable position for them, as they need sun to harden the 
growth ; yet a little shade must be afforded if needed to prevent flag¬ 
ging or scorching. In October they may be placed in the Cucumber 
house, and if they have been well managed they will flower in the 
winter. If there is any fear of mistakes being made in watering after 
potting, it would be safer to let the plants remain in their present pots 
plunged in others to prevent the roots drying. Assuming your Eucharises 
are strong and the pots filled with roots, keep them in the stove and 
well watered until the beginning of September, then remove them to a 
drier house, such as a vinery, reducing the supply of water—in fact, 
only giving sufficient to keep the foliage fresh. After five or six weeks 
of healthy rest place them in the Cucumber house or where they can 
have a night temperature of 65°, keeping the roots decidedly moist, and 
flowers will be produced in winter, always provided the plants are 
strong enough for flowering, and healthy. Bottom heat will be 
of assistance in promoting them flowering after the resting period. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(T/.). — 1, Dipladenia amabilis; 2, Dendrobium chrysanthum. 
( Pelargonium ).—1, Solidago canadensis; 2, we do not recognise; 
3, Leycesteria formosa. (A'. M .').—Polygonum cuspidatum. (T. L.~). — 
We are unable to recognise your friend’s plant by a single leaf. If 
flowers appear and you fend us a specimen we shall be glad to help you. 
(i7. M .~).—Lycium europceum. (J. J. S.).—Hibiscus syriacus flore-pleno. 
(A. P.~). —1, Ceanothus floribundus ; 2, flowers quite withered, but the 
plant is a Cistus ; 3, apparently a small frond of Asplenium viviparum ; 
4, Selaginella Wildenovi. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
William Bull, 536, King’s Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.— Catalogue 
of Tuberous Plants and Bulbs. 
Smail & Co., 23, Lime Street, and 99, Queen Street, Cheapside.— List 
of Dutch and other Flower Roots. 
Friedrich Adolf Haage, jun., Erfurt.— Catalogue of Cacti and 
Miscellaneous Plants. 
Buckland and Broadbent, Gee Cross, near Manchester .—Select List 
of Carnations and Picvtees. 
Robert Veitch & Son, 54, High Street, Exeter.— Catalogue of Dutch 
Bulbs. 
Edmondson Bros., 10, Dame Street, Dublin.— Autumn Catalogue of 
Bulbs. 
Charles Turner, Slough.— Catalogue of Bulbs. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— September 4th. 
Fu-incss dull, with good supplies, large consignments reaching ua from the Channel 
Ithnls. 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. 
, , 
2 
0 
to 8 
0 
Lettuce, dozen •• 
0 
9 to 1 
s 
Asparagus,bundle.. 
• • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Beans, Kidney,per lb. 
• • 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
9 
0 
0 
Beef, Red, dozen .. 
,, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onion?, bushel 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. 
, . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
S 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprout*, A sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage,dozen .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per c wt... 
4 
0 
0 
0 
CapeicumF, per 100 
• • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. 
,, 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers , dozen 
• • 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle 
f( 
l 
0 
1 
e 
Calory, bundle .. 
• • 
1 
e 
a 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle 
l 
« 
0 
0 
Coieworts, dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, per lb . 
0 
t 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each 
• • 
C 
3 
0 
6 
Spinach, bushel .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Endive, dozen .. ., 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Tomatoes, per It>. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Herb?, bunch .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
FRUIT. 
s. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
r 
B. 
a. 
B. 
a. 
Apple?, ^ sieve. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Canada, per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums. £-sieve. 
3 
0 
4 
6 
Cherries, J sieve •. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Red Currants, per £-sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per lb. .. 
0 
G 
2 
6 
Back „ ,. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons, case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
2 
0 
8 
a 
CUT 
FLOWERS i 
8. 
a. 
S. 
a. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 
to 4 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Asters, per bunch, French 
0 
9 
1 
6 
blooms. 
2 
0 to 5 
o- 
„ doz. n, English 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Maideahair Fern, doz. 
Bouvardi&s, bunch .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
bunchos. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ 12 bunches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
i 
0 
S 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Myosotie or Forgetmenots 
blooms. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
doz. bunches 
i 
8 
3 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
i 
0 
8 
3 
bunches . 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Clove Carnation*, 12 bnch3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
», scarlet, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
o 
Cornflower, doz. Lunches 
1 
0 
s 
0 
Pinks (various) 12 bachs. 
S 
0 
6 
0 
Dahlias, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Poppies, various, 12 buchs 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Gaillardia pictn, 12bnchs 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Mixed, doz. bunches 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Red, dozen bimoheg 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Gladioli, per bunch.. .. 
0 
6 
i 
6 
„ „ 12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gladiolus brenchlcyensis, 
,, Tea, white, dozen,. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Heliant.hus, or Silt-flower, 
Spiraea, dozen bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Stephanotis, doz. sprays 
2 
0 
s 
0 
„ lafge, dozen blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lapageria, 1* blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Sweet Peas, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lavender, d< zen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Sweet Sul; an, „ 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium auratum, 12 blms 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooma .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
a. 
B. 
a. 
8. d. 
8. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen.. .. 
S 
0 to 9 
a 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
c 
Geraniuui^, Ivy, doz. 
8 
0 
5 
» 
Arbor vit;e(goliion> dozoa 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Asters, 12 pots. 
S 
0 
6 
0 
Lobelias, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias, vsriou3, tier doz. 4 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Balsams, per dozen.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignone tte, per dozen •• 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Caladiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per do-en .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Calceolaria, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Christmas tune .. .. 
9 
0 
0 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen.. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
6 
0 
15 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Cockscombs, p-r dozen .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargonium*, scarlet, 12 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaenaterminalio, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
P.-l-rgoDiums, per dozen 
4 
0 
9 
» 
Dracaena viridi*. doz. 
13 
0 
24 
0 
Rhidauthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Eric i Caveudiahi, doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
S-xafraga pyramidalis, 
Euonymus, var.. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
per dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var.. dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums, par dozen 
6 
0 
12 
<> 
Ferns, ia variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Spirsee, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastica, each 
1 
6 
7 
0 
„ palmata, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
9 
0 
10 
0 
THE LABOUR ACCOUNT. 
The question, Is profitable farming possible ? is still an open 
one in the opinion of many, and attempts to answer it have been 
made in a variety of ways, both in writing and practice. Landlords 
have done their part by a liberal rent reduction, and many of them 
have tried to show what could be done to improve the general 
practice. What have tenant farmers done ? 
They have less expense to meet in rent, they have less to pay 
for labour, because it is cheaper ; but though labour is reduced in 
cost it is still found sadly out of proportion to returns by the 
majority of farmers, for the simple reason that they have made no- 
alteration in their system of farming. No one can ever be con¬ 
tent to go on farming just to pay one’s way and obtain mere 
subsistence ; that is to approximate to standing still to be safe,, 
for under such conditions a single bad season may bring a man face 
to face with bankruptcy. No ; farming to profit is the only safe 
method, and we cannot rest content with anything short of it, 
but that is impossible with four- fifths of the land under a four, or 
rather under a four or five-course shift. What use is it to go on 
growing full crops of corn if it cannot be done profitably ? The 
markets are open to us, we can easily ascertain the full value of 
every article of farm produce, and a simple calculation will soon 
show us in what direction our efforts at improvement may be 
turned with advantage. 
In this matter we can do something more than generalise. It 
is at this season of the year that our plans for the future are made, 
