284 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ October 3,1889. ' 
side is the following inscription :—“ To Mr. John Wright, the successful 
competitor for the prize of 25 guineas offered by H. R. Williams 
Esq., P.M., through the Worshipful Company of Fruiterers, for an essay 
on Profitable Fruit Growing for Cottagers, 1889.” 
Mr. Wright, in acknowledging the honour conferred, said that it was 
greatly enhanced in value in having been received at the hands of the 
chief magistrate of the city of London, whom he thanked for his kind 
words and for his services in the cause of fruit culture in this country. 
Mr. Wright hoped the essay contained plain teaching that might be 
understood by the inexperienced who needed instruction. It was 
founded entirely on practice, and methods of procedure were made as 
clear as he could make them with pen and pencil. He had long felt 
humiliated when he visited, not large cities alone, but particularly the 
markets of small towns in agricultural districts, and found barrels of 
foreign Apples everywhere, ■while the surrounding land would grow even 
better samples, if the varieties were wisely chosen and well grown. He 
was glad to see the revival in fruit farming, but particularly desired to 
see, as he believed the Lord Mayor and company assembled desired to 
see, the greatest possible number of the industrial population who had 
gardens attached to their cottages, or suitable plots of land, devote a 
portion of them to the cultivation of fruit for their families, disposing of 
the surplus in adjacent towns. He believed in this way the condition of 
many of the toiling masses might be improved, and the greater the con¬ 
tentment in the homes of the multitude the greater would be their 
loyalty to the throne and constitution. 
The room was crowded, and among the horticulturists present were 
Dr. Hogg, Rev. W. Wilks, and Messrs. T. Francis Rivers, A. F. Barron, 
Shirley Hibberd (the three last named being the adjudicators in the 
competition), R. D. Blackmore, Harrison Weir, and G. Bunyard. Those 
gentlemen, with the Very Reverend Dean Hole, Mr. Thiselton Dyer, 
Mr. Wright, and nearly three hundred others, subsequently dined with 
the Lord Mayor and Fruiterers’ Company in the Egyptian Hall. 
At the Banquet numerous toasts were proposed and honoured, and 
the Lord Mayor, in proposing the “ Fruiterers’ Company,” said he had 
made the gathering at the annual presentation of fruit larger than 
usual because the Companj^ had recendy shown great interest in fruit 
culture. He believed their chief aim was to bring about the re-creation 
of homestead and cottage orchards. In all our counties, with perhaps 
three exceptions, there were in years gone by orchards which produced 
good and marketable fruit; and these orchards were now worn out, or 
were decaying and not being renewed. This was a disgrace to our 
country, which was as capable of growing fruit as America or Australia. 
There must be something wrong to account for this condition of things. 
Some evils were of a more or less controversial character, and that was 
not the place to discuss them : it was not sufficient for him to ac¬ 
knowledge the admirable action of the Fruiterers’ Company in doing their 
utmost to promote the growth of hardy fruit in this country. The suc¬ 
cess of those efforts would improve the condition of the agricultural 
population, would keep population in this country, would relieve the 
glut of the labour market in towns, and so would benefit the whole 
country. The Company was therefore entitled to gratitude for the 
efforts they were making to extend fruit cultivation. The present 
Master of the Company had shown greater aptitude in this work than 
any of his predecessors ; he was seeking to raise a sum of £5000 to carry 
on the work, and the Company was determined to go on increasing its 
usefulness from year to year for the benefit of the country at large. 
Mr. Mason, in responding, said it was quite true that within the last 
year or two the Company had made great efforts to spread amongst 
their countrymen some knowledge of fruit farming; but he found it 
almost impossible to speak upon a subject which was difficult, endless, 
and controversial. He was constantly appealed to by would-be fruit 
growers for information upon a great variety of questions, and he could 
only refer them to the records of the conferences that had been held, 
and practical papers in the class journa’s. The appeal of the Company 
was to be brought before the Corporation, who no doubt would respond 
liberally ; and Mr. Chaplin, he hoped, would be able to do something 
for them in his new office. They were under obligations to the Lord 
Mayor for the interest he had taken in their movement. 
ANNUALS FOR MIXED BORDERS. 
These make a display through the summer months with very little 
trouble, and deserve to be grown much more extensively than they are 
at present; some of them being seldom seen, causing numerous inquiries 
how they can be obtained from ladies who see them growing. In many 
instances they have acquired an unevitable reputation where they have 
been grown, either because seed was not sown early enough or the 
ground was too poor for them, but with a little care they assist con¬ 
siderably in adding interest and beauty to the mixed border and similar 
positions, and as a rule continue in flower much longer than the ordinary 
occupants. In order that some of them may reach their full develop¬ 
ment next summer they should be sown at once in a warm and sheltered 
position in rows about 1 foot apart and covered very slightly, to remain 
in this position during the" winter and be planted in their permanent 
positions at the end of March or early in April, according to the season. 
The following are quite hardy here : -Nemophila insignis, Leptosiphon 
hybridus, Centaurea cyanus minor, Eschscholtzia crocea, E. Mandarin 
and E. grandiflora rosea, Clarkia integripetala and C. pulc'nella mar- 
ginata, Matricaria inodora flore-pleno, Xeranthemum annuum flore- 
pleno, Sweet Peas, Papaver umbrosum, Erysimum Peroffskianum, &c. 
Several others are hardy farther south, but will not survive an 
ordinary winter here, and we therefore sow them early in spring—about- 
the last week in March or as soon after as the weather permits, except a 
few of the tenderest of them, which are marked with an asterisk, and 
should be sown a fortnight later than the others. Malope grandiflora, 
Linum grandiflorum, *Phaceliacampanularia, Cacalia coccinea, *Cosmos 
bipinnatus, Nigella damascena, *Eutoca viscida, Convolvulus tricolor 
(mixed), Chrysanthemum segetum, *Ipomtea purpurea (mixed),. 
*Anagallis (mixed), *Brachycome iberidifolia, *Dianthus Heddewigi 
and *D. laciniatus, Godetias in variety, Schizopetalon Walkeri, 
Whitlavia grandiflora, Sweet Sultan, yellow, red, and white, Bartonia 
aurea, and many others. These should be sown in clumps where they 
are to flower, thinning them out to about six plants as soon as they are-- 
ready. In most instances no further attention will be required beyond, 
keeping them clear of weeds.—W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall, Stamford. 
L2ELIA PUMILA. 
This is a beautiful, but at the same time, a very variable species - 
the white marginal border to the lip, however, is always present, 
let the variations be ever so great in other respects. It thrives- 
best when placed upon a block of wood and treated like L. prasstans. 
The rhizome is creeping, not much stouter than a goose-quill. 
Pseudo-bulbs are approximate, oblong, 3 to 4 inches high, slightly 
furrowed; leaves solitary, oblong, lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, 
and bright green ; scape one to two flowered ; flowers large and 
spreading, upwards of 4 inches in diameter ; sepals oblong-acute, 
the dorsal sepal recurved; petals more than twice the width of 
the sepals, and like them of a deep purplish lilac, in some varieties- 
approaching rosy crimson ; lip three lobe ; lateral lobes large, 
incurved, enclosing the column, white, blotched with purplish 
crimson near the edges ; mid-lobe roundish, flat, deeply emarginate, 
deep crimson with a distinct marginal border of pure white. It 
blooms during September and October, and is a native of Brazil.. 
1843. 
LTELIA CINNABARINA. 
A dwarf compact growing plant, producing flowers of great- 
beauty, the fact of their peculiar colour being very rare amongst 
orchidaceous plants rendering them all the more valuable ~ 
Pseudo-bulbs pyriform or flask shaped, tapering towards the point 
into a slender neck-like stem 4 to 5 inches long, dark green tinged 
with reddish brown ; leaves solitary (more rarely in pairs), oblong,, 
acute, erect, very thick and leathery, 5 to 6 inches long, deep 
green; scape much longer than the leaves, many flowered ; sepals- 
and petals equal, linear lanceolate, deep reddish orange ; lip three- 
lobed, the mid-lobe spreading, lateral ones enclosing the column, the- 
same colour as the perianth. It blooms during the spring months. 
L TELIA FLAM ME A. 
Another of the Messrs. Veitch’s hybrids, and in this case we are- 
again indebted to Mr. Seden. “ Imagine a flower of Ltelia cinna- 
barina increased three times, with its brightest vermilion ; give it a 
splendid yellow lip, with an amethyst-purplish wavy anterior 
lacinia, and a small white column washed under the stigma with 
purple ; thus you have the first rank beauty, raised by Mr. Seden> 
at the Royal Exotic Nursery of Messrs. Veitch.” Such is Prof. 
Reichenbach’s description of this beautiful hybrid Orchid, which,, 
on account of its uncommon and effective colouring, is one of the 
most welcome. It was raised between Ltelia cinnabarina and 
Lselia Pilcheri, itself a cross-bred plant between L. crispa and- 
L. Perrini. It was described by Mr. T. Moore as follows :—“ The 
plant is of moderate stature, and has slender cylindrical stems, 
each terminating in a solitary ligulate, oblong, fleshy leaf. The 
peduncles are terminal, somewba.t elongated, and bear one to two 
flowers, possibly more ; the individual flowers are some 4 inches- 
across, with ligulate acute sepals and petals, of a brilliant cinnabar- 
orange colour, while the lip, which is oblong and trifid in front, 
has the yellow side lobes folded over the columns, and the inter¬ 
mediate one rounded, denticulate, somewhat crisped, and of a rich 
crimson hue, passing into crimson veins on the disc.” It blooms, 
during the spring months.— G. T. 
SHADING ORCHIDS. 
Where shading has been practised as little as possible during the' 
past month the blinds may be removed and stored during the 
winter. If no attempt has been made to prepare the plants for 
full exposure the change will be too sudden, and it will be better 
to continue the use of the blinds for a few weeks longer, employing 
