October 8, 1S89. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
301 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
S. G. Ramsey, Wrotham, Kent.— Catalogue of Roses. 
J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex.— Catalogues of Trees and Shrubs 
and Bulbs. 
Fred. Horsman & Co., Colchester.— Catalogue of Orchid Specialties, 
Autumn, 1889. 
Benjamin R. Cant, Colchester .—Descriptive Rose Catalogue. 
Oakshott & Millard, Reading.— Catalogue of Seed Corn. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— October 2nd. 
T.-aia and prices remain the tame. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Apples, J sieve. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 
4 
0 
tf 9 
0 
„ Nova Sootia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Canada, per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums. £-sieve. 
3 
0 
4 
6 
Cherries, J sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Red Currants, per £-sievo 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per tb. 
0 
6 
2 
6 
B aok „ „ 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons, case •• .. .. 
10 
U 
15 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
2 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Artiohokes, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 to 8 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
*0 I 
3 
Asparagus, bundle .. • • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. ,. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions, bus 1 -el .. .. 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprout-', £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage,dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
s 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Eiduev.per cwt. 
4 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Cauliflower?, dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. .. 
i 
0 
1 
8 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
l 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, per fb .. .. 
0 
S 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
1 
Endive, dozen. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Tomatoes, per ft. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Hero?, bunch .. .. .. 
0 
9 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch •• .. ## 
0 
3 
0 
4 
CUT FLOWERS; 
p. 
d. 
p. 
a. 
S. 
a. 
g. 
a. 
Aram Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 
to 6 
0 
Lilium loagidorum, 12 
Asters, per bnneb, French 
0 
0 
0 
0 
blooms. 
s 
0 
to 6 
0 
„ doz-n, English 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
0 
„ 12 bunches.. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
i 
0 
3 
0 
Chrysan! hemums, dozf n 
Myosotib or Forgetmenots 
bloom <. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
doz. bunches 
i 
6 
3 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pans'*es, dozen bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
bunches . 
2 
0 
6 
n 
Pelargoniums. 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Clove • tarnation*. 1 1 onebs 
0 
0 
0 
0 
., scarlet, 12 bunches 
8 
0 
fi 
0 
Cornflower, doz. lunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Pinks (various) 12 buchs. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Dahlias, dozi n bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Poppies, va ioas. 12 baohs 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Eacharis, dozen 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Roses findoor), dozeD .. 
0 
8 
i 
6 
Gailiardia pict«, 12 bnchs 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, Mixed, doz. bunches 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms ., 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Bed, di zen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Gl-id oli. per bunch.. .. 
0 
6 
i 
6 
„ „ 12 bleoms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gadi dus brencbleycnsis, 
,, Tea, wbit°, dozen.. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
dozen sprays. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
„ Ysllow . 
2 
0 
4 ' 
0 
Heliantlius. or Su; flower. 
Spiraea, dozen bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
8tephanotis, do^. spreys 
3 
0 
5 
0 
„ large, d. zen i lo .ms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Lap-gen a, 12 blooTs .. 
1 
II 
2 
6 
Sweet Peas doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lavender, d< zen bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Sweet Sul-an, ,, 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium auratum, 12 blms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberosee, 12 blooma .. 
0 
e 
l 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuoh‘ia, per doz'-n.. .. 
s 
0 to 9 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Geranium-. Ivy, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Arbor vitae (golden’* dozen 
a 
0 
24 
0 
Hylrangea. per < ozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Asters, 12 pots. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lobe L-f, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz. 4 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Da ? sv. dozen 
6 
0 
H 
0 
Balsams, per d^zeu.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignon- tte. per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Caladiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mask, p^r do en .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Calceolaria, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
fi 
0 
12 
0 
Christmas Rose 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Na.-tartium*, per dozen.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysamhemu ns, dozen 
6 
0 
15 
0 
Palm*, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Cockscombs, p- r dozen .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargonium*, scarlet, 12 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Draca?natenfiin.ali8. doz. 
24 
0 
43 
0 
P 1 rgjniume, per dozen 
n 
0 
0 
0 
Dra- agna viridi*. di z. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Rhodanthe. per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erica CavenrLbi, doz 
0 
0 
0 
0 
S.xilraya pyramidalii>, 
Euoovmu*. var. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
pur dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., doz-m 
6 
0 
21 
0 
Solnnums, p-r d zen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Spiraei, par dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficuselarties, each 
i 
6 
7 
0 
„ palmata, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Foliage plaLta, var., each 
a 
0 
10 
0 
LANDLORDS’ FARMING. 
Although drainage has been mentioned as of primary import¬ 
ance in reclaiming poor hnd, yet tillage in reality comes first at 
Michaelmas. The drains can very well wait till winter, but now we 
must turn every hour of fine weather to account to get as much of 
the land broken up as we can, and we must endeavour to do this in 
the right way. Walking recently over a heavy land farm with an 
advocate of shallow ploughing we saw a lot of the common Bind¬ 
weed (Convolvulus arvensis) on a bare fallow, which had been left 
during harvest long enough for growth to appear well above the 
surface. The thick fleshy roots of the Bindweed had remained 
undisturbed in the soil near the surface, all through the “ summer¬ 
ing ” of the land, simply because the ploughshare never entered 
more than 2 or 3 inches into it. There was the enemy left undis¬ 
turbed to send up growth and enfold the stems of the next corn 
crop in its baleful grasp. The remedy was deep ploughing- 
followed by a grubber, and a cultivator or duck-foot harrow 
pricking up every root by hand again and again after each turn of 
the implements. The Suffolk duck-foot harrow is an invaluable 
implement for thorough cultivation. In point of fact it is a light 
cultivator, with the tines curved forward and flattened at the ends, 
so as to sever roots as well as dividing the soil. It is of simple 
construction, strong, yet of very light draught, and is not to be 
regarded as a mere cleaning tool, but as one of the best tillage 
implements. 
We have said that when a farm comes in hand from a tenant 
under the covenants of old agreements a certain proportion is 
invariably bare fallow. As a matter of expediency this is sown 
with winter corn, light harrows only being used before the drill. 
However fair to the eye the fallow may be its actual condition 
is always doubtful, and if the weather is favourable a turn or two 
of the duck-foot may have a favourable influence upon the Wheat 
crop as well as bring a lot of couch grass to the surface. A well 
managed fallow should be innocent of perennial weeds, but how 
frequently are they mismanaged. Very seldom can the number of 
ploughings and harrowings be taken for an assurance of thorough 
cultivation. If a proper interval had been allowed between each 
time of stirring the soil, grass and other weeds would have been 
destroyed in a fine summer, but it is not often that an outgoing 
tenant pays much attention to the interests of those who com© 
after him upon the land, and fallow ploughing is but too often 
done when convenient and not when necessary. 
To an experienced eye the manner in which autumn tillages 
are done affords a tolerably clear indication of subsequent results. 
Every foul stubble should be pared with broadshares if they can be- 
used, then with light harrows all the surface weeds can be got out. 
and burnt. A few turns with the duck-foot next will bring other 
weed roots to the surface, and then it requires some judgment whether 
to plough and follow with a grubber or cultivator or not. The 
object of autumn tillage is to clean the land as quickly as possible, 
and this must be done in accordance with the state of the weather 
and condition of the soil. We want the land clean, dry, and 
thoroughly disintegrated before it is cropped ; that is our aim. 
before all things, and we can for the moment leave out all thought 
or care about fertility, as we can impart that at will at any time by 
means of chemical manures. When land is intended for spring 
cropping disintegration is a certainty if we finish our work now by 
throwing up the land into high ridges with a double-breasted 
plough. With sound under drainage, taking all superfluous water 
away quickly, no matter how wet a winter may follow, the soil 
remains dry in the sense of being free from any hurtful accumu¬ 
lation of water in it. Frost, snow, wind, and rain all have a 
beneficial effect upon it, and in spring it is in the best possible 
condition to receive manure and seed. 
But we may be told that to thus do all we can to break up the 
land now and to ridge it for winter leads to a loss of nitrogen. 
Have not the Rothampstead experiments proved this ? Yes, 
they have : but we have ample compensation for such loss in our 
deep, fine, clean seed bed, and we know too that air does not 
circulate freely in soil without imparting some degree of fertility 
to it, so that it is a clear case of give and take with very much in 
