October 31, 1839. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
371 
in any way. Laid in to their full length, exactly as they were 
previously trained, they will attempt to fruit the same season, but 
this must be prevented, as it is young wood that is required. In 
the second year after planting they may be allowed to bear a few 
fruit, and every following year the crops will increase in weight. 
Standard trees are still less trouble as regards pruning and 
training, and pyramids also, when once a good foundation has been 
laid, are not difficult to manage. The former ought to be on the 
•common Cherry stock, and the latter is also preferred by me for 
wall trees. If dwarf bushes or pyramids are preferred, these 
•ought to be worked on the Mahaleb stock. The ground for either 
of these should be equally as well prepared, or much as advised in 
the case of wall trees. Free growing standards to be disposed 
20 feet apart each way, pyramids 10 feet, and those to be root- 
pruned or otherwise restricted 6 feet apart. At first all must be 
freely pruned in order to frame out the tree, but subsequently the 
treatment consists merely of thinning out the young shoots in the 
summer and cutting out old wood in the winter, young well 
ripened growths producing flowers and fruit in abundance. 
Where so many err in their treatment of well established 
Morello trees is in imagining these will go on doing well for any 
length of time, whereas they require liberal root culture, other¬ 
wise the crops will be poor in quality and a collapse be the eventual 
and perhaps early result. Mulchings of manure and fresh loam, or 
the former alone, will serve to keep the roots active near the sur¬ 
face, but even this alone is not sufficient, and it is advisable to 
occasionally open a wide deep circular trench at about 8 feet from 
the stem of a large tree, filling this with and relaying the roots 
that were forked out of the old soil and preserved in a good loamy 
compost. All fruit trees delight in turfy loam, and none more so 
than Morello Cherries. Cottagers and many gardeners are not in 
a position to give their trees fresh loam, or indeed much solid 
manure in the way of surface dressings or mulchings, but they 
can adopt the plan of the old cottager previously alluded to as a 
successful grower of Morellos. During the winter he loosens the 
surface of the ground as far as the roots spread, and frequently 
empties the drainings of his pigstye over the border, sewage also 
going the same way. His long experience has told him that 
strong liquid manure would be ruinous to trees if applied when 
in full leaf, but during the winter it may be used safely and 
with the best possible results.—W. Iggulden. 
TWO GOOD HARDY CLIMBERS. 
■One oftentimes sees inquiries about hardy climbers, and amidst 
the numerous additions of late years to our catalogues it is not 
difficult to select some which may answer all purposes. There are 
many purposes for which they are used, and many and various 
kinds of buildings for which they are adapted. Some, like the 
Passion Flower, are hardy in certain parts of these islands, and 
are grown on account of the beauty of their flowers. There 
are, again, others whose claim to favour depends entirely on their 
foliage. I am not going to enter upon any quasi scientific state¬ 
ment as to twining, climbing, and trailing plants, but everyone will 
recognise the fact that plants differ very much in their method 
of climbing, while some which have the name of climbers given to 
them have really and truly no claim whatever to the title. Some 
plants, like the Vine, put out thread-like tendrils with which they lay 
hold of anything with which they come in contact; others, like the 
Ivy, throw out little suckers with which it clings to walls and trees. 
There are others which, like the Bindweed, throw their stems bodily 
round anything that they can, and all who have to do with that very 
hardy and persistent weed know how difficult it is to disentangle it 
from the plant on which it has bestowed its attentions, while there 
are others which are no climbers at all, but merely rampant growers. 
Thus we see in most catalogues “ climbing Roses ” as a distinct 
section, and then amongst the Hybrid Perpetuals we see now and 
then a climbing Captain Christy, climbing Charles Lefebvre, &c., 
while in truth they have no tendency to climbing. Let any of 
them be planted where they could climb if they possessed the 
power, and we all know that without artificial aid they would 
speedily be all over the place. It cannot be otherwise. They have 
none of the appliances for climbing, and are simply those Roses 
which are specifically of a rampant habit, or those in which some 
vigorous shoot has been developed and the character of the growth 
been altered, more frequently by some influence of the stock. It is 
a misnomer, but like a great many things of the same kind, will no 
doubt hold its way, just as nothing will ever alter the absurd 
•distinction of Show and Fancy Dahlias. And now for my two 
climbers. 
Amtelopsis Yeitchi. — The honoured name of Veitch is 
attached to many plants of the most varied character, for that 
enterprising firm pushes its researches into all parts of the world, 
while the scientific hybridising practised in their nurseries has 
added many a delightful flower to our lists, but I question very 
much whether there is one plant amongst the many hearing their 
name which will longer perpetuate it than this very useful climber, 
and although it has synonyms, being known as A. tricuspidata 
and Yitis japonica, yet the one by which it is usually known is 
that given to it here. Unlike the ordinary Yirginian Creeper, 
it throws out little suckers, which cling closely to the wall, and 
so enable it to extend itself, and how varied its uses, and how 
happy it seems to be in any position. No one who knows the 
suburbs of our large towns will fail to recognise its usefulness 
in covering smoke-coloured brick walls. It also luxuriates in 
the pure air of the country. How beautiful it is covering the 
fine mansion of Mr. Llewelyn at Penllergare in South Wales, 
while all your readers will no doubt be able to call to mind many 
equally charming effects in other places, but I question very 
much whether anyone has quite utilised it as I have done. My 
church, which inside is one of the most beautiful and interest¬ 
ing of our Kentish churches, has walls which were never of any 
great beauty. They were built, as many in those days (A.D. 1250) 
were, of rubble, and hence, when the church was restored five years 
ago, I was desirous of covering them. I was afraid to use Ivy, as 
it has such an unpleasant way of getting in amongst and disturbing 
the drainage, so I planted on the south side some plants of 
Ampelopsis. I did not want to have anything that required 
nailing. The plants grew, and in course of time one of them 
spread itself over one of the windows. The church is very light 
inside, so the shade of this was not unpleasant, and when in the 
autumn it changed to the most brilliant scarlet, it gave all the 
appearance of painted glass when looked at from the inside. I hope 
it will not in any way injure the stonework of the window, for as 
it is deciduous the leaves will all be off before the heavy rains of 
winter set in. Should, however, I find that it is likely to do so 
it can be readily removed or cut away. 
Clematis Montana. —This is the other climber in favour of 
which I would like to write a word. In this neighbourhood it has 
been very largely used, and always with the best effect. The front 
of my house faces west-north-west, and consequently it is very 
difficult to get anything to grow sufficiently well to cover the walls. 
I tried Roses, but they were not a success. Madame Trifle and 
others of the Dijon section made growth indeed, but it was a 
straggling and bare growth, and they did not flower sufficiently well 
to compensate for their bad habit, so that seeing the very success¬ 
ful manner in which this plant had been used at one or two houses 
in my neighbourhood I planted one. It has now covered nearly 
one balf of the front of the house, and in another year or so will 
cover the other half. I suppose that it would not be hardy in all 
parts of our island, and its native habitat, Nepaul, whence it was 
introduced in 1831, is probably suggestive of a certain amount 
of tenderness, but here in Kent it seems to stand the severest 
winters. There is one large house in this neighbourhood which is 
entirely covered with it, and it has stood there for a great many 
years. The foliage is very neat, so that even when not in flower it 
is pretty, and when in flower it is a sight which ought to, and does, 
delight all lovers of simple beauty ; the pure white star-shaped 
flowers suggesting an enlarged Wood Anemone, are very abund¬ 
antly produced, and nothing in its way can exceed the beauty of a 
plant well grown when in full bloom. Daily when I come in from 
parochial rounds have I stood in front of the house admiring its 
marvellous and simple beauty. 
It will be seen that I have not been drawn away by any new 
fangled beauty in recommending two good hardy climbers. Pro¬ 
bably others may suggest something they think to be better, but I 
simply record personal experience, and hope that if any of the 
readers of the Journal know of anything better they will kindly 
give us the benefit of their experience.—D., Deal. 
THE BISMARCK APPLE. 
As but little is known of this remarkable new Apple which is 
now attracting great attention, I venture to give a few particulars 
which may interest your readers. It is from Australia, - and 
is there known as one of the largest and best varieties. Its 
name would suggest its being the pet of some German colonist. 
Mr. T. Francis Rivers tells me that he knew of it many years ago, 
but in common with others could not get trees or grafts alive from 
that distant country, because of the fact that when it was a suitable 
time to move them there we were in the height of summer, and 
they were unable to resist the altered temperature on the voyage. 
We believe that Messrs. Yeitch of Chelsea and Messrs. Laing of 
Forest Hill succeeded at the same time in obtaining living specimens. 
The first fruits I saw were at the Crystal Palace in October, 1836. 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons’ foreman told me they were grown under 
