S'-avcmber 14, 1880. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
415 
flowers large, although somewhat angular in form, blush white, 
largely flushed and striped with rosy carmine ; very vigorous and 
curious looking, late blooming. 
Enchanteresse. —Sent out in 1886 ; a very fine white flower of 
large size and substance, and of good form ; a very remarkable 
flower. 
Gregoire .—Large flowers, largely lined and striped with carmine 
on a white ground, large and rich carmine spots ; a very effective 
flower. 
Formosa. —An early flowering variety, holding itself well ; 
tender rose flesh and satiny looking, slightly striped with orange on 
the border of the petals. 
Docteur Bailly. —Long and fine spike of large flowers, brilliant 
scirlet with a small carmine spot on a white ground. 
Jubilee. —Large carmine flowers, opening all its flowers nearly 
at the same time, flowers often coming semi-double. 
Panama .—Long spike of large flowers, beautifully set, intense 
rasy carmine, striped and shaded with bright scarlet. 
Picador. —Long and regular spike of scarlet flowers, pure white 
spot; plant of fine effect. 
Aurore de Feu. —Brilliant spike of bright rose coloured flowers 
with centre yellow, and of a very peculiar colour ; very distinct.— 
D_, Deal. 
OPEN QUARTERS FOR VEGETABLES. 
It has long been my opinion that the value of garden walls, as 
regards the shelter they afford to the vegetable quarters enclosed 
by them, has been greatly overrated, and every season fresh obser¬ 
vations in various parts of the country still further convince me 
that there is much less need for them than is generally thought to 
be the case. If they were absolutely indispensable for the produc¬ 
tion of choice hardy fruit, and more especially Pears, Peaches, 
Plums, Apricots, and Cherries, there would yet be a strong argu¬ 
ment in favour of the erection of the orthodox high garden walls ; 
but it has repeatedly been demonstrated with how much greater 
certainty very superior fruit can be grown in cheaply constructed 
glazed houses, and there is therefore no need for me to emphasise 
the point. A garden wall to be of real service ought to be sub¬ 
stantially built, and not much under 12 feet in height, and such 
proves somewhat expensive. In some districts, and by good man¬ 
agement, the garden walls are well furnished with profitable fruit 
trees, and in some instances they may be of good service in protect¬ 
ing and forwarding vegetable crops located near them. As a rule, 
however, vegetables can be had quite as early in the open, always 
provided a suitable site is selected for them. Take Peas for 
instance. Grown near a sunny wall they apparently soon surpass 
any that may have been sown at the same time in a sunny open 
spot, but in the end the latter can be gathered from quite as early 
as those presumably more favoured, and are quite as productive 
without being nearly so tall. I have repeatedly attempted to 
■obtain Peas from borders sheltered by high walls earlier than 
friends from the open fields in Essex, but never succeeded in doing 
so unless recourse was had to raising the plants under glass and 
other coddling measures. Shelter favours the growth of haulm 
rather than the crops, and varieties that under garden culture attain 
a height of not less than 4 feet rarely exceed 2 feet in the open 
fields. In few instances do the former have the advantage in 
the number of pods produced, and if they happen to be somewhat 
longer they are not always so well filled. The later rows of Peas 
in much sheltered gardens are very liable to be overrun by mildew, 
but if grown in an open position and given good room they are far 
■more healthy and productive. Much of the foregoing also applies 
to Runner Beans, the plants grown in the open fields being in full 
■bearing long before the majority of the rows in private gardens are 
largely gathered from, and it is only in open positions that the plan 
•of growing the Beans without stakes answers well, richness of soil 
and shelter combined causing the growth of too much haulm. 
Kidney Beans again, if well exposed to the light and air, are 
wonderfully sturdy and productive. Some idea of the productive¬ 
ness of Beans as grown in the open fields may be gained by sowing 
a single row on the ridges between the Celery trenches—a plan also 
much in vogue with the market growers, who annually send many 
tons of pods to the markets as well as to pickle manufacturers. 
It i3 not poverty of soil, or the use of a comparatively small 
amount of manure that is responsible for the sturdy growth in the 
case of the various crops grown in the open plots of ground, as in 
many instances the market growers are extremely liberal with 
solid manure, wonderfully so in fact, the quality of this manure 
being also superior to much that private gardeneis have to be 
content w'ith. Cauliflowers in the open heart in quickly, and so also 
<lo Cabbages and Lettuces ; and other crops are similarly pre¬ 
cocious, being yet of full size and excellent quality. When any of 
these are found to be tough or strongly flavoured it is either the 
fault of the cook, or it is owing to their being too long exposed in 
the markets and shops. To further strengthen my argument in 
favour of more open quarters for the ordinary occupants of the 
kitchen garden I would also mention the fact of having once served 
a gentleman who could always detect whether the Strawberries sent 
to the dining table were gathered from the plants in his private 
gardens, or were obtained from the open fields rented from him. 
The latter were invariably superior, the varieties being the same, to 
anything I could grow in the garden, and w r e were never successful 
in producing nearly such heavy crops as emanated from the sturdy 
plants in the open fields. Some of the best Potatoes I have ever 
tasted were bought from an Essex farmer, who manured the 
ground very heavily (it was put on steaming hot) at planting time, 
and very heavy crops weie lifted. This season I noted how much 
better the Potatoes in the open fields withstood disease than did 
ours between walls and a hedge, the haulm of the former being 
quite green after ours was dead. Even Asparagus, which is supposed 
to require shelter from high winds, is no more liable to be twisted 
about and injured in a walled-in garden than in the open, the 
former really standing more in need of staking than the more 
sturdy plants grown without other shelter than they afford each 
other. Ridge Cucumbers and Vegetable Marrows if lightly sheltered 
at the outset are much the most productive in the open fields slop 
ing southwards, and almost any kind of vegetable can be grown 
successfully in these positions. 
As regards hardiness, the superiority of the crops grown in the 
open fields must be admitted. Not unfrequently the whole of the 
Broccoli in walled-in kitchen gardens are destroyed by frosts, 
while the bulk of the plants grown in the open fields escape with a 
severe “shaking” only. The former are usually too long in the 
stem to be hardy, this being the most vital part of the plant. Those 
in the open fields are certainly given more room than many private 
growers think necessary, but from the seed bed till fully grown they 
are very sturdy, the stems being eventually well protected by the 
leaves. Prior to the introduction of superior forms of Brussels 
Sprouts the plants grown in the majority of kitchen gardens were 
by no means generally productive, but our market- growing friends 
could point to many acres of the Old Imported, or any form 
supplied to them as such, that would equal anything to be seen at 
the present day. Plenty of light and air and a firm root run 
favoured a sturdy productive growth, and in those days exception¬ 
ally profitable crops were obtained. The breadths of vegetable 
crops generally growing in the open fields usually present a remark. 
ably even appearance, and in nearly every instance a marked 
absence of superfluous leaf growth is noticeable. If, therefore, I 
have proved my case, those who are about to form a new kitchen 
garden ought not to be in too great a hurry in building garden 
walls, while those who possess them already should not attribute 
too much to the shelter they have afforded the vegetable crops 
within their influence.—W. Iggulden. 
THE CHISWICK CENTENARY CONFERENCE. 
Certificates of merit were awarded to the following new varieties 
of Chrysanthemums at the Conference on November 5th and 6th :— 
NEW VARIETIES. 
Aurora (single), Etoile de Lyon (Japanese), M. E. A. Carriere 
(Japanese), Bombardier (decorative), Souvenir de Londres (single), 
Mons. Bernard (Japanese), Miss M. A. Haggis (incurved), Violet Tomlin 
(incurved), and Lune Eleuri (Pompon), from Messrs. H. Cannell & Son. 
Thomas Stephenson (Japanese), Mrs. Judge Benedict (Anemone), Rose 
Owen (single), Lily Owen (single), and Lune Fleuri (Pompon), from 
Mr. R. Owen. Alice Stevens (Pompon), and Violet Tomlin (incurved), 
from Mr. G. Stevens. Mrs. Alpheus Harly (Japanese), from Mr. T. ,s. 
Ware. Mrs. F. Jameson (Japanese), Mons. Bernard (Japanese), Etoile 
de Lyon (Japanese), Admiral Symonds (single), Ettie (single), \ iolet 
Tomlin (incurved), Miss M. A. Haggas (incurved), James Weston 
(Japanese Anemone), and Souvenir de Londres (single), from Mr. E. 
Molyneux. Stanstead White (Japanese), and Mrs. F. Jameson 
(Japanese), from Mr. R. F. Jameson. Annie Clibran (Japanese), 
L’Automne (Japanese), and Thomas Stephenson (Japanese), from 
Messrs. Clibran & Son. 
ESTABLISHED VARIETIES. 
Incurved.— Golden Empress, Golden Queen of England, John 
Salter, Alfred Salter, Lord Alcester, Princess of Wales, Mrs. W. Shipmau, 
Queen of England, and Empress of India from Mr. E. Molyneux. Mr. 
