December 12,18:9. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
521 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
p. 
8. 
s. 
a. 
S. 
d. 
Arum Liliee,12 blooma .. 
3 
0 
to e 
0 
'dignonette. 12 hunches 
2 
n to 4 
0 
Asters, per buncb, French 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Fr., large bnch 
i 
6 
2 
0 
Azalea, dozt n sprays 
0 
9 
l 
6 
Myosotisor F rgetraenot3 
Bouvardias, buncb .. 
0 
8 
l 
0 
doz. bunches 
i 
6 
3 
0 
Camelliap, dozen b’oomg 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Narcissna (Pap(r-whita), 
Carnations, 12 biooras .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen sprays 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Christmas Roses, 12 blms. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
,, French.12 bnohs 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pelargoniums. 12 trusses 
1 
0 
i 
6 
blooms. 
0 
6 
3 
0 
„ scarlot, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Frimul i (double) 12 eprays 
i 
0 
1 
6 
bunches . 
3 
0 
9 
0 
,, (single) 1 i spraj s 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Epiphyllums, doz. blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Roses 'indoor), dozeD .. 
0 
8 
i 
6 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
„ Red, dr Z3a bunches 
13 
0 
18 
0 
Gardenias. 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
„ 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
Gladiolus (various) dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
sprays . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Hyacinths (Soman) dozen 
,, Fiecch,per bunch.. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Soirasi, doz n bunches .. 
t> 
0 
0 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
1 
<» 
a 
ti 
Stephanotis, doz. sprays 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Iiilium, va iuus, 12 blms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Peas, doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilinm longittorum, 12 
Tuberoses. 12 blooma .. 
0 
fl 
1 
0 
blooms. 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Violets, dozen bunches . . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
„ French, per bunch 
1 
s 
2 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
,. Panne, per bunch 
5 
0 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
White Like, F per bnch 
6 
0 
8 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
a. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Aralia Sisboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fious elaatica, euch 
1 
6 to 
7 
0 
Arum Liliee, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage plaits, var.. each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Arbor vitas (golden^ dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Hyacinths ( Roman )1 2 pc t ? 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Azalea, various, p r doz. 
SO 
0 
42 
0 
Geranium 5 . Ivy, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
4 
0 
u 
0 
Lobeiiae, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Balsams, per dozeu.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
19 
0 
Caladiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hustr, per do en .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
6 
0 
15 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracfonaterininaiie, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Dracsena viridis, doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargonium?, scarlet, 12 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Epiphyllum, per doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Primula (single) per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Erica, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Euonymu3. var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
S.xafraga pyramidalin, 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
psr dozen .. .. 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanuns, ptr dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
SWINE. 
Of an outbreak of swine fever at Sutton Marsh, near Spalding, 
the last report shows that the disease is still spreading. Fifty- 
eight diseased pigs have died, seventy-two more remain affected, 
and 105 healthy pigs have been slaughtered under the superintend¬ 
ence of the veterinary inspector. The average value of the pigs 
lost is about £3. 
Norfolk markets are all closed against pigs, owing to the preva¬ 
lence of swine fever. The County Council returns show that the 
number of affected animals during the last four weeks was 505, and 
so the pig trade is closed for an entire county just when prices are 
high and trade should be at its best. Well may it be asked, Why 
is this ? The answer must be plain and clear. It is entirely owing 
to gross mismanagement and reckless carelessness. Not that we 
wish to point to the Prince’s county as being singular in this 
respect, for it is notorious that cases of fever occur throughout the 
length and breadth of the land with lamentable frequency, simply 
because farmers will not have pigsties kept thoroughly clean. No 
doubt the disease is contagious, and the Lincolnshire Contagious 
Diseases Committee have done well to reimpose restrictions against 
pigs coming from Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, and the Isle of Ely. 
But it has its origin in filth and nothing else, and when a case can 
be proved to have so arisen on a farm we would make it penal. It 
is not an easy matter to obtain such proof, or indeed to get precise 
information how the contagion spreads. Within four years we 
have had two outbreaks, both at off-hand farms, which were so 
isolated and both in such open healthy situations that such a thing 
as swine fever ought never to have touched them. Close inquiry 
showed the pre-existence of the disease in the locality of each 
farm, and we have little if any doubt that it was taken to them by 
sows driven there for breeding purposes. Now, we had been at 
some pains and expense to obtain good boars of the middle white 
breed, and glad were we to allow neighbouring farmers to use 
them, but we were eventually compelled to forbid the bringing of 
strange sows to the farms in self defence. 
Faulty construction of buildings for pigs is frequently the 
primary cause of fever. Swine are filthy animals, and therefore 
due care must be taken to the certain evil results arising from a 
natural tendency to filth. Bearing this in mind, the floors of 
pigsties should be impervious to moisture, with a plain surface 
that can easily be kept clean. Our own home-farm piggeries 
have the floors of beds and open courts entirely faced with Port¬ 
land cement, with a gutter running along the front into a drain at 
one end. These sties are used chiefly for sows and their litters. 
After the pigs are weaned, at the age of from six to eight weeks,, 
they are either turned into a sty by themselves or into a separate 
compartment of an open lodge and yard. The sows’ range of pig¬ 
geries consists of an open court or pound, a roofed sty, with a 
passage behind from whence the sows may be inspected without 
disturbance. Each sty is sufficiently commodious to afford ample 
space for the sow and pigs. The governing principle is to use the 
sties entirely for sows and very young pigs, and keep all other pigs 
in open sheds with small yards in front of them. Filth is never 
allowed to accumulate in the sties, which have the floors frequently 
washed, and the walls are regularly washed with limewater. 
The common fault of piggeries is paved floors, and courts half 
filled with filth. Another fault is the crowding of too many pigs 
together, and allowing them to lie down, or half bury themselves 
in filthy litter. They are naturally very sensitive to cold, and 
must have due provision of shelter and clean dry litter, to thrive as 
they ought to do. There is, in point of fact, urgent need of reform 
in the entire management of swine. A neighbour of ours has some 
old sows, huge unwieldly animals, which often run out to grass with 
the cows, but which we know full well are not suitable for breeding 
from, for they have become so large that the risk of sucking pigs 
being smothered or crushed by them is very great. It has long been 
a rule with us when sows become at all unwieldly, to fatten and 
sell them, however good they may have been for rearing pigs. All 
sows do not make good mothers, and two or three extra should 
always be kept, so that the requisite number of pigs may be main¬ 
tained, and faulty sows be promptly got rid of. Let swine manage¬ 
ment be placed upon a sound commercial basis, and let there be 
an end of all careless, easy-going practice with them, as with a 1 1 
branches of agriculture. Good buildings, simple and cheap ; 
careful feeding, thorough cleanliness, the best breeds, and careful 
cross-breeding, the prompt disposal of each animal as it becomes 
ripe for market or home use, or has ceased to answer its intended 
purpose in the best way. These are the lines upon which safe- 
action may be taken, and then we shall cease to hear of closed 
markets and swine slaughtered prematurely. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Wintering of live stock is now in full action, all cattle being settled 
in the yards till next spring, and no fitf ul running out on pasture on 
fine days will be allowed. It unsettles the cattle, and does more 
harm than good, for the scant herbage they crop is insufficient 
either to satisfy or nourish them. All calves not required for stock are 
now being fattened for sale as veal early in the new year, when they 
generally sell briskly and well. Surplus store cattle should be got rid 
of even at a sacrifice rather than run any risk of a want of home-grown 
food next March. The store of such food is more than usually abun¬ 
dant ; silage, hay, straw, and roots are all here in ample quantities, and 
should be turned to better account than just feeding cattle that in the 
end afford no profit but the manure. 
All Channel Island cows, and any others at all delicate or weak, are shut 
in the cowhouse at night, but strong healthy cows of other breeds have 
open lodges and comfortable yards. There is always much bullying among 
cows, and we take care not only to have ample lodge space, but to have 
brass knobs screwed upon the tips of the horns of quarrelsome animals. 
We have a fiiend in Suffolk keeping two large herds of cows who will 
have none but Red Polls, both because of their intrinsic excellence and 
that they have no horns. He is right for both reasons, and we can 
strongly recommend the Suffolk breed as first-class dairy and butchers r 
animals. Cows repay one now for a generous dietary as well as at any 
season of the year, so that it be wholesome, nourishing, and free of 
taint. But we never trust to “ stale ” cows in winter, however well 
and carefully they may be fed, but take especial care to have some to 
calve at intervals throughout winter. Down-calving cows are eagerly 
sought after during the next two months, and Dutch cows, though 
