December 19, 1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
543 
Calls on Gardenias (R. S .).—The galls upon the roots sent appear 
to be the abodes of a mite, one of those which, unlike most of its brethren, 
goes through distinct transformation. These are at present in the 
nymph condition, but would develope fully in spring, and then proceed 
to scatter themselves and propagate ; but their history is at present very 
obscure, and they generally are so sluggish that their travelling about 
seems unlikely, yet this must occur when fresh galls are produced. It is 
a species belonging to the genus Tyroglyphus ; this, or one closely allied 
to it, has been taken in galls upon Vine roots, which has been erro¬ 
neously attributed to phylloxera. Another Tyroglyphus frequently 
infests Mushrooms. So little is as yet known about these creatures, 
even amongst entomologists, that it is difficult to suggest remedial 
measures. We should consider the advisability of raising plants from 
a clean stock, and grow them in soil that has been subjected to a roast¬ 
ing process. The infested plants, also the soil in which they are 
established, we should consign to the fire, as according to your descrip¬ 
tion of them they are unsightly and may be expected to get worse. 
You might experiment on one or two of them with a rather strong 
petroleum mixture, commencing with a wineglassful of the oil briskly 
stirred in a gallon of soft water ; it may possibly, however, require a 
stronger dose to destroy the encased enemy than will be good for the 
plants, and we suspect the stamping out process will have to be resorted 
to sooner or later. 
Applying: Liquid Manure to Vine Borders ( Inquirer ).— 
1, Provided the borders are well drained you may safely and advan¬ 
tageously water them with the liquid from the farmyard, as the super¬ 
fluous moisture will be carried off, the water being displaced by the 
liquid to a great extent through its being more fluid, the manurial 
matter being absorbed and retained. There is reason, however, even in 
applying liquid manure, as to afford it too abundantly may cause the 
soil to become sodden or sour, and then it had better never have been 
applied. One or two good soakings before starting the Vines is in most 
instances all that is desirable. After growth is made give a good supply, 
also after the Grapes are set, and when they are commencing to colour 
or have stoned. 2, We have tried cutting off the aerial roots on Vine 
rods and allowing them to remain, and found no material advantage 
either way. Aerial roots are evidence of too close and moist atmo¬ 
sphere with a slow or defective root action. They are very common 
with Vines that have their roots in cold and unprotected outside 
borders, and never (at least in our experience) appear on Vines that 
have the roots in a satisfactory condition, through the soil and border 
being in good condition, and have a temperature corresponding to that 
of the atmosphere, so as to induce reciprocity of action between the 
feeders and elaborating organs— i.e., the leaves. 3, Some use surface 
dressings of fresh cow dung, 2 or 3 inches depth, and with very satis¬ 
factory results, but we have not heard of the practice you describe 
before, and certainly should not consider it a desirable one ; but, on the 
contrary, likely to do more harm than good. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (Mixs Carver). —1, Waltham Abbey Seedling; 2, Round 
Winter Nonesuch ; 3, Winter Colman ; 4, Waltham Abbey Seedling; 
5, Royal Russet. ( IP. 71. Milford). —Dredge’s Fame. (<7. Fulford). — 
1, Vicar of Winkfield ; 2, Waltham Abbey Seedling ; 3, Golden Winter 
Pearmain; 4, Adams’ Pearmain ; 5, Not known, inferior; 6, Forge. 
(//. P.). —1, Golden Reinette ; 3, Winter Greening ; 4. Sturmer Pippin. 
Pears entirely rotten. (IF. B.). —2, Royal Russet; 4, Rymer ; 6, 
Winter Pearmain, also known as Duck’s Bill. The paper box was 
smashed in the transit, and the numbers on the other fruits were 
displaced. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET— December 18th. 
For Chris'mas decorations cut Evergreens plentiful; Mistletoe, well-berried, plentiful. 
Holly very scarce of bsrries. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
a. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d, 
Apples, { sieve.. .. .. 
a 
0 to 6 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
„ Nova Sootia and 
Peaohes, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Canada, per barrel 12 
0 
20 
0 
Plums, J-sieve. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries, £ sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Red Currants, per i-sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per ft. 
l 
0 
8 
0 
Black „ „ 
0 
0* 
0 
0 
Lemons, case .. «« 
10 
0 
16 
0 
8t. Michael Pines, each 
a 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Artiohokes, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
to 5 
0 
Leeks,bunch •• •• .. 
0 
a 
to 0 
0 
Asparagus,bundle.. .. 
0 
0 
0 
e 
Lettuce,dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
3 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
s 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
1 
8 
a 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. M 
1 
< 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch ., .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. ,. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, per ft. .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
0 
a 
0 
Endive, dozen .. ,, 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per ft. 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Herbs, bunch .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT FLOWERS; 
0. 
d. 
F. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
s. 
a. 
Arum Lilies,12 blooms .. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Asters. per buneb, French 
0 
0 
0 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
Azalea, dozen sprays 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
1 
0 
„ Fr., large bnch 
1 
6 
o 
0> 
Camellias, dozen blooms 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Narcissus (Paper-white), 
C»rnation3,12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen 6prays 
1 
0 
1 
s 
Christmas Roses, 12 blms. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ French,12 buchs 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
blooms. 
0 
6 
8 
0 
i, scarlet, 12 bunche3 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
bunches . 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,. (single) 12 sprays 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Epipbyllums, doz. blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
8 
Eueharis, dozen .. 
8 
0 
5 
0 
„ Red . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gardenias. 12 blooms 
4 
0 
8 
0 
«, „ 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Gladiolus (various) dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
4 
o 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
., French,per bunch.. 
2 
0 
4 
e 
sprays . 
0 
6 
i 
6 
8 irircea, dozen bunches .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Lapagoria, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Stephanotie, doz. sprays 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium, va r ious, 12 blms 
Lilium longidorum, 12 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Peas, doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
a 
0 
blooms.. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Violets, dozen bunches .. 
i 
0 
2 
9 
Lily of the Valley, .dozen 
„ French, per bunch 
2 
0 
8 
9 
sprays 
l 
6 
4 
0 
Parme, per bunch 
White Lilac, Fr., per bnch 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunoheB 
2 
0 
6 
0 
6 
0 
8 
9 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
8. 
S. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen ., 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ficus elastics, each 
i 
6 to 
7 
9 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Arbor vitfe(goldonl dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Hyacinths ( Roman)l2 pots 
9 
0 
15 
9 
Azalea, various, p-r doz. 
SO 
0 
42 
0 
Geraniums, Ivy, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
4 
0 
13 
0 
Lobelias, per dozen 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Balsams, per dozen.. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
la 
9 
Caladiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per do-en .. .. 
Myrtles, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
6 
0 
16 
0 
6 
0 
12 
9 
Dracamatorminalis, doz. 
21 
0 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
9 
Drarsona viridis, doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Epiphyllum, per doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Primula (single) per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
9 
Erica, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Rhodant-he, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Euouymus, var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
S;.xafraga pyramidalis, 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
per dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanums, per dozon 
6 
0 
12 
0 
SWINE. 
Simple as the correct management of swine is, blunders con¬ 
stantly occur from carelessness more than anything else. Some 
pigs are required ; they are purchased or bred without any parti¬ 
cular attention being given to the special purpose for which they 
are required, yet selection and careful breeding answer as well in 
this as in anything else. Why is it that such high prices are 
paid for special strains of certain breeds ? Simply because of care 
in the breeding and selection of animals decidedly superior to otheis 
both for special and general purposes. 
To be more particular, and, therefore, more useful, let us take 
the class of pigs required for use at the home farm. We want a 
compact animal of chubby tendency that will fatten quickly and 
is ready for use all through the “ porker ” stage of its existence, 
or which may be kept on profitably for home use a few weeks after 
it has passed that stage. Any surplus of such pigs always com¬ 
mands a ready market in all towns, and they are sold as 
“ Londoners ” at long distances from the metropolis, where they 
are in constant request at the Central Meat Market. Farmers are 
loud in complaints of high railway rates, yet we are bound to 
admit that we have for several years had porkers regularly killed, 
dressed, and sent by rail to London from a farm upwards of eighty 
miles at a profit; not always to our entire satisfaction, for markets 
fluctuate, and one has to take an average price in making calcula¬ 
tions or striking a balance. 
A useful class at agricultural shows is that of sows with pigs, 
as showing the best pigs for our purpose ; classes for porkers are 
also useful, very much more so than that for huge fat hogs. At 
the recent Smithfield Club Show middle white and black Suffolk.? 
were seen to advantage, but nobody could judge of the real value 
of Tamworths from the specimens shown there. If it be true that 
porkers of this breed a re of especial value because they become 
