December 23, 1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
565 
certain method, of prevention is to prevent the plants “ bolting ” by 
care in preparation and after management. The one sent appears 
to have been drawn too much before it was planted. We have not one 
bolted plant out of a thousand. 
Mealy Bug on Vines (A Young Gardener). —Whether you add 
tan to the mixture or not for “ filling up the cracks ” in the Vines you 
will not eradicate the pest by dressing the rods alone. Remove all 
loose and scaly bark, then apply the softsoap solution with a wine- 
glassful of petroleum added, brushing in it vigorously at a temperature 
of 130° ; indeed, give the rods a thorough good scrubbing, and if the 
work is done well not an insect will remain alive. But that is only a 
small part of what needs to be done. Every part of the house must be 
cleansed, roof, wires, walls, stages, especially the part usually unseen, 
for the insects lurk in all sorts of unlikely places—in bits of matting, 
the under sides of stages, fissures in walls or woodwork, in the soil 
near hot water pipes, amomg the drainage in flower pots—in fact they 
may be the most numerous where you least expect to find them. If 
there are plants in the house every one must be cleansed, and if there is 
an inside Vine border the surface must be removed and fresh soil 
added ; in short everything you can think of should be done for destroy¬ 
ing the insidious enemy. Then in spring a watchful eye must be kept 
for insects that may have escaped your vigilance, promptly destroying 
every one you see, or the Vines will soon be infested again. 
Winter Heaths (C. S.). —Such Heaths as Erica hyemalis, 
E. autumnalis, and others that have flowered early and are past their 
best for decoration, should be cut close back if they are intended to be 
utilised for the same purpose another autumn. If they have been in 
structures where heat has been maintained, they should not be placed 
direct into the cold greenhouse or they will be seriously checked. They 
should be gradually hardened to greenhouse treatment, so that they will 
start into growth slowly but naturally. Plants that have long been in 
rooms for decoration are useless for growing another year. All plants 
employed for such purposes are better conveyed to the rubbish heap as 
soon as they are removed, for they are not worth the trouble necessary 
to restore them to health. Young plants in small pots that are intended 
for flowering another year must be kept in a light position and as cool 
as possible, so that they will not be excited into growth. Any plants 
that did not show flowers and are dwarf and bushy should be subjected 
to the same treatment. These plants should be watered carefully, 
taking care never to allow them to suffer by an insufficient supply. 
Gleicbenla Culture (IF. IF).—They require to be grown in rough 
peat, torn in pieces with the hand and the finer particles rejected. Brown 
fibrous peat is the most suitable. Good drainage is necessary, and deep 
pans will answer quite as well as pots, they not being deep-rooting plants. 
The plants should be potted when they begin to grow, or early in March, 
and the soil removed without injuring the roots. To the soil, before 
potting, add about a sixth of charcoal broken small, and a similar 
quantity of crystal sand. Work the soil in carefully amongst the roots, 
keeping the rhizomes well up, and potting moderately firm. Water 
thoroughly, so as to settle the soil about them, and do not water again 
until it is necessary, but before the plants are distressed by want of it, 
then giving a thorough supply. They are best in a light position, with 
just sufficient shade in very bright weather to prevent scorching, and 
should have a rather free amount of air, as they do not flourish in the 
close moist atmosphere of ordinary ferneries. A moderate amount of 
moisture only is necessary, and water should be sprinkled on the fronds. 
They require a temperature of 45° to 50° in winter, and 55° to 65° in 
spring by artificial means, and 10° to 15° rise from sun heat. The 
summer temperature will range 60° to 65° at night, and proportionately 
higher in the daytime. The chief things are an open free soil, free 
ventilation, anti not too much water either at the roots or in the 
atmosphere. 
The Common Holly, Ilex aquifolium (X. M.). —This is a 
native of the woods and forests of Britain ; and its numerous varieties 
of gold and silver-blotched, entire, notched, serrated, ciliated, bristly, 
broad, narrow, and thick-leaved, and yellow-berried, are beautiful orna¬ 
mental trees in parks and shrubberies ; and especially in winter, when 
covered with a profusion of bright scarlet berries, a large Holly tree is 
perhaps the queen of the woodland. For a fence there is no better tree 
than the Holly. It never suffers from the severest winter ; it is always 
green, strong, and impenetrable, and it is easily kept in order. The 
leaves are mucous, bitter, and astringent, with an austere taste ; they 
were formerly used as a diaphoretic, and, in infusion, were considered 
beneficial in catarrh, pleurisy, small-pox, and gout. A few years ago 
they were highly extolled in France as a cure for intermittents, and were 
considered equal to Peruvian bark, their febrifuge virtues being said to 
depend on a bitter principle called ilicin. The berries are powerfully 
purgative, and also an emetic and diuretic ; ten or twelve will act on 
the bowels. The expressed juice has been used in jaundice. From the 
bark the substance called bird-lime is obtained, by boiling it for some 
hours in water, till the green part separates from the white ; then laying 
it in a cool cellar for some days; afterwards pounding it till it becomes 
a tough paste, washing it frequently till it becomes clear, and then 
placing it in an earthen vessel to ferment or become fine, when it will 
be fit for use. The wood is hard, with a fine grain, and a colour almost 
as white as ivory, except at the heart of old trees, where it is brown ; it 
is capable of receiving a high polish, and is readily stained of any 
colour, but the most common is black in imitation of ebony. It is much 
used for inlaying and cabinet work, and it forms a considerable in¬ 
gredient in Tonbridge-ware ; it also forms handles to knives, and has 
even been used for wood engraving. 
I 
Present Treatment of Cyclamens (R. M. S .).—Plants that have 
been kept cool up to the present time, and are wanted in flower, should 
be introduced to some structure where the temperature can be main¬ 
tained at 50° to 55°. They should be arranged as near to the glass as 
possible, or the flower stems will become tall and weakly. Free ventila¬ 
tion should be given on all favourable occasions. Weak stimulants may 
be applied to these as well as later batches that are to remain under 
cool treatment for some time longer. Young stock in small pots should 
be kept slowly growing, and if they have been subjected to cool treat¬ 
ment they will do this in a night temperature of 45°. They must be 
near to the glass to keep their foliage dwarf and sturdy. Take care that 
plants in small pots do not suffer by the want of water, and on the 
other hand the soil must not be saturated. Watch for aphides, and if 
they appear on the under side of the foliage destroy them at once, either 
by fumigating with tobacco or dipping them in a solution of tobacco 
water. For a stock of flowering plants another year seed should be 
sown at once. A pot or pan may be prepared, according to the quantity 
of seeds to be sown, by draining it thoroughly, and then nearly filling 
it with light soil that has been passed through a fine sieve ; a suitable 
compost is equal parts of loam and leaf soil with a liberal addition of 
sand. Sow the seed evenly upon the surface and just covered with fine 
leaf soil. If the soil is in a proper state of moisture no water will be 
needed for at least a week after sowing, if the pan is plunged in a heated 
structure and covered with a square of glass. Care must be taken to 
avoid the soil becoming dry after the seed is sown. After the seedlings 
appear above the soil they should be gradually exposed to the light and 
grown close to the grass. 
Names of Fruits.— The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (//. P. IF).—The Apple is Winter Majetin. 
COYENT GARDEN 
MARKET.— December 23rd. 
fruit. 
s. 
d. 
8. d. 
Apples, I sieve.. 
2 
0 to 6 0 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
Canada, per barrel 12 
0 
20 0 
Plums, £-sieve. 
Cherries, £ sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Red Currants, per ^-sieTe 
Grapes, per fb.., •. .. 
1 
0 
3 0 
Biack „ „ 
Lemons, case .. .. c « 
10 
0 
16 0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
b. d. 
Artichokes, dozen ., 
4 
0 to 5 0 
Leeks.bunch ., ,. .. 
Asparagus, bundle .. «„ 
0 
0 
0 0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
Beans. Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
1 0 
Muskroome, ounnet 
Beet, Red, dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
Broccoli, hundie .. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Onions, bushel .. .. 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
1 
6 
2 0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
Cabbago,dozen 
1 
G 
0 0 
Parsnips, dozen .. «.* 
CaDsicums, per 100 ., 
0 
0 
0 0 
Potatoes, per cwt... .. 
C&rrofcSg bunch .. 
0 
4 
0 0 
Rhubarb, bundle 
Cardifiowers, dozen 
2 
0 
4 0 
Salsify, bundle .. 
Celery, bundle .. 
1 
0 
1 8 
S corzoner a, bundle • • 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Shallots, per R>, .. .. 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
3 
o a 
Spinach, bushel 
Endive, dozen.. 
1 
0 
0 0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. e « 
Eeros, bunch ., .. .. 
0 
2 
0 0 
Turnips, bunch •« •• 
CUT FLOWERS. 
s. 
d. 
8. d. 
Aram Lilies, 12 bloomB .. 4 0 to 9 0 
Asters, per banc!), French 0 0 0 0 
Azalea,dozen sprays ..0 9 16 
Bouvardias, bunch .. ..0 6 10 
Camellias, dozen blooms 16 4 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 10 2 0 
Christmas Roses, 12 blms. 10 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
blooms.06 SO 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches.GO 12 
Epipbyllums, doz. blooms 0 6 0 
Euoharis, dozen .... 4 0 6 
Gardenias, 12 blooms ..4 0 S 
Gladiolus (various) dozen 
sprays . 0 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
sprays .0 6 16 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 2 0 4 0 
Lilium, various, 12 blms 2 0 4 0 
Lilinm longiflomm, 12 
blooms.9 C 12 0 
Lily of the Vailey. .dozen 
sprays .16 3 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunchoe 2 0 6 0 
0 
9 
0 
0 
0 0 
Maidenhair Fern, dez. 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
„ Fr., large bnch 
Narcissus (Paper-white), 
dozen sprays 
„ French,12buchs 
Pelargoniums, 12 tmeses 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
„ (single) 12 spray s 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
„ Red. 
„ „ 12 blooms 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
„ French,per bunch.. 
Spiraea, dozen bunohes .. 
Stephanotie, doz. 6praye 
Sweet Peas, doz. buncheB 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms .. 
Violets, dozen bunches .. 
„ French, per bunch 
,. F&rme, per bunch 
White Lliac, Fr., per bneh 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 6 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 12 
Arborvitm(golden! dozen 6 
Azalea, various, p r doz. 30 
Begonias, various, per doz 4 
Balsams, per dozen.. .. 0 
Coladiums, per doz. .. 0 
Christmas Rose .. .. 0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 6 
Dractcnaterminalis, doz. 24 
Drarrena viridis, doz. .. 12 
F.piphyllum, per doz. .. 12 
Erica, various, dozen .. 12 
Euoaymus, var., dozen 6 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 4 
d. s. 
0 to 12 
Ficus elastiea, each 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Hyacinths, 12 pots .. .. 
„ (Roman) 13poti 
Lily of the Valley, 12 pots 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
Mash, per doren .. .. 
Palms, in var., each 
Primula (single) per doz. 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
Saxafraga pyramicalis, 
per dozen. 
Solanums, per dozen 
TulipB, 12 pots.. 
i. 
a. 
a. 
a. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
0 
t) 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
6 
& 
1. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
0 
2 
to 0 
o 
0 
9 
1 
s 
1 
6 
2 
& 
0 
2 
0 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
s 
0 
8 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
4 
a 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
e 
1 
6 
0 
0 
0 
8 
0 
a 
1 
0 
2 
a 
0 
s 
0 
9 
0 
4 
0 
a 
s. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
1 
0 
1 
8 
4 
0 
8 
& 
1 
0 
1 
6 
6 
0 
12 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
9 
1 
a 
1 
6 
3 
9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
6 
2 
9 
1 
0 
3 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
4 
6 
9 
0 
12 
O 
0 
0 
0 
O 
0 
0 
0 
9 
1 
6 
2 
0 
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0 
2 
9 
2 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
6 
6 
6 
0 
8 
0 
8. 1 
a. 
8* 
a. 
1 
6 to 7 
0 
2 
0 
10 
0 
9 
0 
11 
0 
9 
0 
15 
0 
24 
0 
42 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
2 
8 
21 
0 
4 
0 
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0 
0 
0 
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0 
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0 
10 
0 
