220 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ March 14, 1889. 
became exclusively a naturalised Irish subject. No doubt both it and 
the Tenby variety must have come- from the East in early times, the 
one exclusively confined to the neighbourhood of Tenby, unless what 
may be found on the opposite coast of Ireland, particularly Wexford, 
where there are a great many Welsh settlers, and the county of Cork 
for Ard High, where we have had numbers from Spain, particularly near 
Kinsall, with Huguenot families from France. Stranger, still, there are 
no more popular varieties for forcing purposes, and none more sought 
after than Ard High and Tenby. Will not someone trace their original 
source further 1 — Nemo. 
FRUIT CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. 
(Continued from page SOI, last vol.') 
The famous Quito Olive farm is situated on Saratoga Avenue, 
about seven miles west of San Jose, and was planted in 1865 by Senor 
Don Jose Ramon Arguello, who was then the owner of the Quito 
Ranch. The particular site of the orchard was on the eighty acres of 
the ranch which had been selected by Don Jose for a homestead. 
He first planted but a hundred trees, but their thrifty growth induced 
him, two years later, to add to this planting, and, in imitation of the 
methods of European countries, to set out Grape Vines between the 
trees. He thus became the pioneer of the Olive industry in this 
county. Death overtook Don Jose before he had realised his antici¬ 
pations in regard to his great work. His estate was divided and 
passed into other hands, and in December, 1882, it came into posses¬ 
sion of Mr. Edward E. Goodrich, the present proprietor. From the 
death of Don Jose up to the latter date, the orchard had passed through 
unskilful hands, and had been more or less neglected. The trees had 
been originally planted 161 feet apart, and having grown luxuriantly, 
had become crowded so much that the exclusion of air and sunlight 
seriously affected their usefulness. Mr. Goodrich determined to thin 
them out, by transplanting half of them to an adjoining plat. It was 
generally supposed that trees of this age and size could not be trans¬ 
planted and live, but Mr. Goodrich} who had made a special study of 
Olive culture in Europe, made the experiment with the most gratify¬ 
ing results. Twelve hundred and fifty trees, of from nine to eighteen 
years of age, were thus removed, all of which, except about twenty- 
five that were not in good condition at the time of removal, have again 
rooted and are now bearing good crops. This transplanting proves the 
adaptability of the soil and climate of Santa Clara County for the 
growth of the Olive. Of the older trees, eighteen years of age, and 
from 10 to 12 inches in diameter, not one has failed. From this time 
the Quito Olive orchard became productive, and began to put on the 
market an oil that soon attracted the attention of connoisseurs by its 
purity and quality. In all of the plantings, the Spanish-Italian 
system of planting Grape3 between the tre?s has been adhered to, and 
the whole tract is now a solid Olive orchard and vineyard, except a 
small portion which is reserved for dwelling house, oil mill, winery and 
other accessories. The place contains 7900 Olive trees and 32,000 
Vines, besides a -nursery of 2500 young trees, from which stock is 
furnished to other farms. As a result of this planting, the Quito Olive 
farm is a Grape farm as well, and if all the trees were taken away, it 
would become a perfect vineyard by simply planting a Vine in the 
places of each tree removed. During the last four years, the work on 
the place has been that of restoration and development, and the produc¬ 
tion of oil or Olives in pickle has been a secondary consideration. But 
even under these circumstances, the orchard has supplied over 50,000 
young trees to other farms, has sold over ten tons of Olive in pickle, 
and has placed on the market an oil which received at the New Orleans 
Exposition the first premium for American Olive oil, after it had been 
submitted to the most severe scientific tests to ascertain its purity. 
The trees are of the variety known in California as the “ Mission.” It 
is one of the best oil varieties, and corresponds with the oil Olives of 
the noted Riviera and Luchese districts of Italy, and the Avignon 
and Riviera districts of France. The Olive tree is extremely hardy, and 
of long life. 
There are n any other small groups of Olive trees scattered through 
the county, wh.ch bear largely at a comparatively early age, yielding 
fine profits to their owners, in some instances at the rate of over 500 
dollars per acre. We have described this branch of fruit growing at 
considerable length, because the Olive is essentially a food product, the 
demand for which is constantly growing, and will continue to grow 
indefinitely. 
Figs — The Olive, the Fig and the Vine are associated together in 
the Scriptures as a sort of horticultural trinity. They combined all the 
elements of wholesome food necessary to the subsistence of man. They 
have existed since history began, but during all these centuries they 
have never in any country attained the excellence they have achieved 
in this new State of California, and especially in this “ garden of the 
world,” Santa Clara County. The old Padres planted the Fig here over 
a hundred years ago, and it has grown and thrived and yielded as in no 
other country. Unfortunately, until very recently, we have been 
unable to obtain the varieties most sought after in commercial circles, 
but that difficulty has now been obviated, and we are producing a Fig 
that is superior to Smyrna. The White Adriatic and two or three other 
varieties which have not yet been correctly named, grow thriftily, bear 
early, and produce a fruit large, beautiful and luscious. The trees will 
begin to fruit at the age of eighteen months, and in five years will pro¬ 
duce crops of almost fabulous value. They bear during the entire 
season, and fruit can be gathered and marketed from early summer until 
late in the fall. This ever-bearing quality makes it impossible for us 
to give the annual yield in pounds per tree, but it is something 
enormous. The trees are constantly full of fruit in all stages of develop¬ 
ment, and give a steady, constant income to the producer during the 
entire season. The fruit loses but a trifle of its weight in curing, and 
brings a high price in the market, and one that will probably not be 
materially reduced for many years to come. 
(To be continued.) 
ROSE SHOWS IN 1889. 
June 24th. Ryde. . . 
„ 26th. Richmond (Surrey). 
„ 27th. Farningham, Winchester. 
July 2nd. National Rose Conference at Chiswick ; Sutton. 
„ 3rd. National Rose Conference at Chiswick; Bagshot, Croydon, 
Maidstone. 
„ 4th. Bath, Canterbury, Hitchin, Norwich. 
., 6th. Crystal Palace (National Rose Society). 
„ 9th. Diss, Hereford. 
„ 10th. Dursley, Ipswich, Tunbridge Wells. 
„ 11th. Gloucester. 
,, 16th. Birkenhead. 
„ 18th. Sheffield (National Rose Society), Helensburgh. 
„ 19th. Ulverston. 
,, 20th. Manchester. 
,, 23rd. Christleton, Tibshelf. 
My next list of Rose Show fixtures will appear early in April, when 
I shall be pleased to insert in it the dates of any Rose shows not 
mentioned above that may in the meantime be sent me.—E dward 
Mawley, Boscbanh, Berhhamsted, Herts. 
NEW FRENCH ROSES. 
(Continued from page 103.~) 
Teas and Noisettes. 
The place of honour, as far as number is concerned, which 
M. Eugene Verdier occupies amongst Hybrid Perpetuals, is taken in 
this favourite class by M. Nabonnand ; but it is somewhat strange that 
although he has been year after year sending out a large number of 
Roses there is hardly one of them that occupies a permanent position in 
our gardens. I find, too, on making inquiries from my friend- 
Dr. Henry Bennett at Mentone, that Safrano is the Rose on the Riviera 
for winter flowering and travelling. Perhaps this prolific raiser would 
say it is an illustration of the saying that a prophet hath no honour in 
his own country ; but I am afraid neither has he much honour abroad 
in this case, for notwithstanding the glowing descriptions, “fire bushes,” 
and all the rest of it, we are unable to welcome with enthusiasm the 
advent of his new batch of Roses, amongst which he has contrived 
as usual to introduce a name or two for the special puzzlement of 
English gardeners. There are, however, some raisers to whom we always 
look with some degree of confidence, and who, content with sending 
out one or two seedlings, have so often charmed us with their pro¬ 
ductions. But let me give the p'ace of honour as to quality to 
GUILLOT. 
Ernest Metz. —Erect solitary flower, carried on a stiff stem, colour 
carnation rose, deeper in centre and on the reverse of the petals. 
Maxine Pierre Guibert. —Flowers generally solitary ; colour coppery 
orange at base, becoming pale towards the edges of the petals, which 
are bordered with rose ; reverse yellowish white ; very fragrant. This 
sounds as if it ought to be a most charming Rose. 
MADAME SCHWARTZ. 
Abbe Thomasson. —A climbing Tea. Flowers of moderate size in 
clusters, salmon colour, pale at the edges, coppery centre. 
NABONNAND. 
Baronne Henriette de Lcca. — Flowers of moderate size, of a delicate 
rose colour, shaded with golden yellow towards the centre, reverse of 
the petals brighter rose. j 
Charles de Thezgillat. —A variety of erect habit, large petalled 
flowers, creamy yellow, shaded with chamois yellow towards the 
centre. 
G. Nabonnand .—Tender rose, shaded with yellow, large petals. 
Louis Gwill and. —A climbing Tea, flowers imbricated, pale rose, with 
yellowish base. 
Marie Parle. —A globular, rose-coloured Tea, the reverse of the 
petals shaded white. 
Nardy .—A Dijon Tea, with globular salmon yellow flowers. 
Pierre Beffaut. —Flowers bright rose, imbricated ; climbing Tea. 
Bose Bomarin. —A very vigorous climber, in habit resembling 
