March It, 1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAOE GARDENER. 
2z7 
dron and Aza’ea beds in a light shadow soil with very satisfactory 
results, also for mulching herbaceous borders, and for most description 
of plants requiring mulching, including shrubs, and there has not been 
any trouble whatever with fungus. We consider it might be safely 
employed in the way you propose. 
Shortening' Vine Canes (J. P .).—No matter how strong young 
planting canes are for developing into permanent Vines, they should 
either be shortened in the autumn before planting or disbudded in the 
spring after planting. It will not be advisable to shorten the canes now, 
but as the buds start remove them from the upper portion of the cane 
down to where a good leading growth can start in a light position ; and 
as a rule the lower this is the stronger the growth. Any laterals between 
the leader and the ground may be pinched to three or four leaves. 
Some persons allow them greater extension, and secure at the same time 
a strong leading cane. Allow several of the buds to start, and choose 
the most promising as the leader, pinching the others. When the leader 
gets a decided start further extension of laterals below will not arrest 
its growth. 
Vines not Showing Trait (T. B .').—With the Vines 18 inches 
apart, and cropped to the extent of twelve to fourteen bunches each, 
there is no wonder that they should fail to show fruit this season. 
Vines started in January would, under ordinary treatment, have the 
fruit ripe early in June, assuming them to be of the early or midseason 
varieties. The fact of the Grapes being no more than blood red in 
August shows that the energies of the Vines were too severely taxed, the 
watering tending to a second or late growth unfavourable to the ripen¬ 
ing of the wood, and this has been further retarded by the closeness of 
the Vines ; the foliage must have been so close as to be deprived of a 
due amount of light and air. The present condition of the Vines is 
unquestionably the result of heavy cropping and unripened wood. It is 
not likely that anything else could result from so irrational a method 
as having two Vines where there is not room for one. Vines ought to 
have the growths so thinly disposed that the principal leaves have full 
exposure to light and air. 
Wireworms in Soil (G. It .).—We suspect that a good deal of 
what you sent escaped from the envelope, which was very thin and slit 
along the bottom to the extent of an inch. We found a teaspoonful or 
so of very dry soil, but no signs of a wireworm 
or any other grub, though a careful search was 
made with a powerful magnifier. As you do not 
appear to know what wireworms are we insert 
a small illustration. They are the larvse of a 
click beetle, and continue in the grub state for 
three or four years, doing much damage. They 
are yellowish in colour and resemble in tough¬ 
ness and shape a piece of wire. A “ little lime” 
as you suggest would not render the turves safe 
to use. We should make a lire of any refuse 
that could be collected, then when a good body 
is had lay the turves on and roast them. A 
good number could soon be dealt with in that 
way, but they would have to be moistened by rain or otherwise 
before being used. The scorching increases the fertility of the 
soil. 
Planting- Marsh Marigolds (A. B. Cl ).—These plants will grow 
in almost any kind of soil, so that it will hardly be necessary to make 
holes and put in fresh soil, but there is no objection to it. It is essential 
that the situation be moist, in fact the Marigolds might be planted on 
the margin of the water, where the roots will have a constant supply of 
moisture, or they may be planted in shallow water. The finest plants 
we have seen were on little mounds or miniature islands in water about 
6 inches deep, the plants only a few inches above the water, but they 
are nearly as luxuriant when planted at the water’s edge. The effect is 
best when the plants are in groups, with specimens at some little distance 
from them. No stakes are required, as the strongest specimens are not 
much more than a foot high. This brilliant plant requires light, and is 
most satisfactory when exposed to the full sun. We mention this as 
vou allude to trees and Ferns. Dense shade is not favourable to the 
Calthas. We have them in partial shade, where they do fairly well, but 
there is no comparison between such and those having full exposure to 
light. 
Yellow Tomato Leaves (id TV.).—There appears to be a little 
rupturing of the midribs of the leaves as well as signs of mildew ; but as 
the oil and sulphur application has done good, and as only the lower 
leaves are affected, the plants will probably improve under good 
management and the better weather that may now be expected. 
Through a deficiency of light and air the leaves have perhaps not been 
able to perform their functions of elaboration and assimilation, hence 
the condition of the leaves. Is the soil firm enough ? Loose and too 
rich soil is not favourable to healthy growth. The leaves were much 
withered through being kept in the dry box during Sunday. If you 
send more at any future time post them earlier in the week, say on 
Thursday. If posted on Monday or Tuesday they may not arrive soon 
enough to be examined and an answer given in the current week’s 
issue. Tuesdays are very busy days at this office, and on Wednesday 
the pages of the Journal are ready for the press. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds, 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once r 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures,, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. M .).—The Orchid is Dendrobium fimbriatum oculatum, but as you 
say, the flowers are small, and no doubt they will improve as the plant 
gains strength. It has been also called D. Paxtoni, but is quite distinct 
from D. chrysanthum, which has two large spots in the lip instead of 
one, and the growths are drooping, while in D. fimbriatum oculatum 
they are erect, (Rosa ).—After comparing your specimen with living 
plants in a large collection we believe it to be a variety of Aloe obscura.. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— March 13th. 
Business quieter. Prices generally unaltered. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
A 
Apples, 1 sieve. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0' 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Canada, per barrel 
7 
0 
16 
0 
Fears, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oherr .es, £ sieve • • .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums, J-sieve. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per lb... 
1 
6 
5 
0 
St. Michael Pine , each 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Iiimons, case .. .. 
10 
0 
16 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 
10 
0 
14 
9 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 to 8 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
to 1 
s 
Asparagus,bundle.. .. 
10 
0 
12 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney,per lb. •• 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet,Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, per lb. .. 
0 
9 
1 
s 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, busbel .. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, £ sieve 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
tt 
Cabbage,dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
9 
Capsicums, per 100 •. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
,, Kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsify, bundle •• .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle •• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Shallots, per lb .. .. 
0 
r 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
8 
1 
3 
Leeks, bunch .. .. ,. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
s. 
d. 
8 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a 
Anemones (French), 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
dcz. bunches .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Arum Lilies,12 blooms .. 
S 
0 
6 
0 
NaroiBsns (Paper White), 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
12 sprays .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
9 
i 
0 
„ (French) bunch 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Camellias, White, libl... 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Red, 12 blooms 
0 
9 
2 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
6 
0 
9 
a 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Primroses, doz. bunches.. 
0 
6 
X 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen blooms 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
e 
0 
9 
0 
Daffodils (single) 12 blooms 0 
6 
1 
0 
,, (indoor), dozen .. 
2 
0 
S 
a 
„ (donble),12 blooms 0 
4 
0 
8 
„ Tea, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
6 
0* 
Encharis, dozen .. .. 
s 
0 
6 
0 
„ yellow . 
8 
0 
8 
a 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
15 
0 
30 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
Tulips, dozen blooms . . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
sprays .. . . .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Violets, 12 bunches. . .. 
1 
0 
I 
6 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
„ Parme (French), 
Lilac, White (French), 
per bunch 
2 
6 
8 
6 
per bunch . 
5 
0 
6 
0 
„ Dark (Frenoh) beh. 
i 
6 
2 
O 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Wallflowers, doz. bumahes 
4 
0 
6 
0- 
blooms . 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (French) , 12 bchs. 
1 
0 
2 
9 
Lilyof theValley, 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
S. 
a. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
]. 
B. 
a 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
Oto 18 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastic*, each 
i 
6 
j 
9- 
Arbor vit£e(goldeni dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Asters, 12 pots. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Azalea, per dozen .. ,. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Hyacinths, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hyaoinths (Roman), doz. 
0 
0 
0 
O' 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
9 
0 
0 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 
Cineraria, per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
0 
doz. pots . 
12 
0 
18 
o- 
Cyolamen,, dozen pots .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracasna terminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dractena viridis, doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
O'- 
Erica hyemalis, doz. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ various, doz. 
8 
0 
18 
0 
Primula, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
o 
Euonymus, var.. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Bolanums, doz. .. . 
9 
0 
1.2 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Tulips, doz. pots .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
FODDER CROPS. 
Among fodder crops that pay, Tares or Vetches certainly 
take a leading place, for they are alike valuable as green food, for 
hay, or for ploughing in as manure. They grow equally well upon 
