March 21, 1839. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
247 
plan to give Vines when flowering a sharp jerk at midday for dispersing 
the pollen. They should not be syringed, but a genial atmosphere can 
be maintained by damping the paths once or twice a day during bright 
weather. Close the house gradually as soon as the temperature com¬ 
mences falling in the afternoon. The growths or laterals bearing the 
bunches should have been nipped off before now. Two leaves beyond 
the bunches may be permitted if they have room to develope. Over¬ 
crowding the growth and foliage is one of the greatest evils to which 
Vines can be subjected. The laterals should be from a foot to 18 inches 
apart, if closer some should be removed. Vines just starting may have 
a night temperature of 55°, falling to 50° in the morning. When the 
leaves unfold increase by 5°, and when bunches are prominent 5° more, 
with the usual increase with sun. The house may be kept more moist 
before the bunches flower and after the berries are set, than during the 
flowering period. Read past, present, and future issues of our “ Work 
for the Week ” columns, and if you cannot find what you want there and 
in other pages, state your wants and your letters shall have attention. 
Gardeners and Tea Plantations (7?. 6’.).—Many gardeners 
have been sent to the Tea plantations in India, chiefly from the Royal 
Gardens, Kew, and possibly if you were to write to the Curator there he 
might favour you with some information. A man must be competent 
to superintend the cultivation of Tea and to make its cultivation pro¬ 
fitable. In vols. xiii. and xiv. (188C and 1887) a series of interesting 
articles were published in this Journal under the heading of “ Indian 
Experiences.” The writer of them was, however, mainly engaged in 
growing Coffee. A short extract from the introduction to the series will 
answer some portions of your letter. After stating his experience in 
India, extended over a period of seventeen years, he says :—“ I may be 
permitted to give it as my opinion that while to the young gardener in 
England the area of success in his profession is admittedly becoming 
yearly more circumscribed, and even greatly underpaid, employment is 
becoming more and more difficult to obtain, the planting and horticul¬ 
tural field of enterprise in India and Ceylon is to the well educated and 
trained young gardeuer a very hopeful one. At the same time, I would 
impress upon him before taking the final step, that ultimate success in 
any country, but more especially a country like India, will depend 
greatly upon his own strength of character, self-control, veracity, 
integrity, and patient perseverance. Temptations to upset and trample 
underfoot all these virtues abound in India, and 1 reiterate my warning 
to young gardeners about to emigrate to India, that without the firm 
resolve to adhere firmly to the above principles of conduct, failure will, 
in nine cases out of every ten, be the inevitable result. In 1801, being 
then just twenty-three years of age, I was employed as propagator by a 
well-known firm of nurserymen at Edinburgh on a weekly wage of 18s., 
with bothy. The wages were too small to allow for my own support 
and that of a widowed parent. These things combined made life very 
irksome to me, and being, like most young gardeners, anxious to improve 
myself in my profession and otherwise, and being denied the means of 
obtaining the necessary books &c., for doing so, I not unnaturally turned 
my attention to emigration, and ere long was fortunate enough to ob¬ 
serve an advertisement in the columns of the Scotsman newspaper for a 
young gardener to proceed to India as an assistant on a Coffee estate on 
a salary of RslOO, or £120, for the first year ; Rsl20, or £141, for the 
second year ; Rsl40, or £1G8, for the third year ; and £240 per annum 
for the two following years. Engagement for the five years, with an 
optional break at the end of the third year. I applied for the appoint¬ 
ment, and "with the assistance of my employers and other friends ob¬ 
tained. it at once, signed the agreement, and was tiff on my voyage to 
India within four weeks from the date of my application.” 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
Bhould bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(T. C. P.~). —1, Asplenium flaccidum. 2, Onychium japonicum. 3, 
Adiantum formosum. 4, Polystichum angulare. 5, Adiantum pedatum. 
6, Pteris serrulata cristata. (M. C .').—We cannot name the Fern with 
certainty, as the frond is so withered and out of character. If you can 
send a better specimen at some future time we think we can name it for 
you. QA. C.~). —Brugmansia sanguinea. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—March 20th. 
Market dull, with little business doiDg. 
VEGETABLES. 
a. d. s. d. i s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 to 8 
0 
Lettuce, dozen •• •• 
0 
9 to 1 
3 
Asparagus, bundle . • . • 
10 
0 
13 
0 
■Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Beans, Kidney,per lb. .. 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen •• •• 
1 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, per lb. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Broccoli, bundle •• .. 
Brussels Sprouts, £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, buslel 
3 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. •• 
i 
0 
0 
0 
CapBicump, per 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
,, Kidnev, per cwt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflower?, dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
« 
2 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. M 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, dcz. bunches 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
s 
0 
6 
Shallots, per tb .. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen. 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, Bushel .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
3 
Leeks, buz. ch. 
0 
a 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
Apples, i Bleve. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 to 9 
O 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
a 
Canada, per barrel 
7 
0 
16 
0 
Pears, dozen .. .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries, J sieve .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums, J-sieve. 
0 
0 
0 
» 
Grapes, per lb. .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
St. Michael Pine , each 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 
6 
0 
12 
a 
CUT FLOWERS. 
B. 
d. 
8 
a. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Acacia, dc z. hunches 
9 
0 to 12 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Anemonea (French), doz. 
bunches. 
6 
Oto 12 
ft 
bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bnnohes 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Arum Lilies,12 blooms .. 
S 
0 
8 
0 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
oi 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
0 
0 
i 
0 
Myo3otis or Porgetmenots 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
i 
0 
doz. bunches 
4 
0 
6 
» 
Camellias, White, 12 hi... 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Narcissus (Paper White), 
Red, 12 blooms 
0 
9 
2 
0 
12 sprays .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ (French) bunch 
0 
s 
0 
ft 
Cineraria, per bunoh 
0 
e 
i 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Crocuses, doz. bunches 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
6 
0 
9 
a 
Cyclamen, dozen blooms 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Primroses, doz. bunches.. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
Daffodils (single) 12 blooms 0 
6 
1 
0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ (double),12 blooms 0 
4 
0 
6 
„ (indoor), dozen .. 
2 
0 
S 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
t 
0 
6 
0 
„ Tea,dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
6 
ft 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ yellow . 
8 
0 
8 
a 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
Snowdrops, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
8 
0 
sprays . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Tulips, dozen blooms .. 
0 
• 
1 
0 
Lilac, Wbite (French), 
Violets, 12 bunohes.. .. 
1 
0 
1 
ft 
per bunch . 
5 
0 
6 
0 
„ Parme (French), 
Lfiinm longiflorum, 12 
per bunch 
2 
e 
8 
& 
blooms. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ Dark (French) bch. 
i 
6 
2 
ft 
Li'yof theV alley, 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Wallflowers, doz. bnnohes 
4 
ft 
6 
0 
„ (French), 12 bchs. 
1 
0 
2 
ft 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
1. 
8. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
e 
Oto 12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
Oto 18 
ft 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastica, each 
1 
6 
7 
ft 
Arbor vitas (golden'* dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
O 
Asters, 12 pots. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Azalea, per dozen ,. .. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Hyacinths, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0- 
Begonias, various, per doz 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ohribtmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 
Cineraria,per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
0 
doz. pots . 
LS 
0 
18; 
0- 
Cyclamen., dezen pots .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracamaterminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dra* £eaa viridis, doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Erica hyemalis, doz. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 
6 
0 
9 
ft 
„ various, doz. 
8 
0 
18 
0 
Primula, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
ft 
Euonymus, var.. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Solanums. doz .. . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Tulips, doz. pots .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
FODDER CROPS. 
PERMANENT PASTURE. 
In our series of papers on fodder crops permanent pasture must 
certainly have a place, and it is not unlikely that in the opinion 
of many it ought to have had the first. Of intention it has been 
left till now, because we are strongly of opinion that due pro¬ 
minence has not hitherto been given to the high value of mixed 1 
layers among fodder crops. Recent experience has made clear 
the especial value of alternate husbandry under the critical con¬ 
ditions under which agriculture now exists, hence the leading 
place assigned to it. 
Any mention of permanent pasture now at once gives rise to 
the question, What about Rye Grass ? To set this matter clearly 
before readers of the Journal, we may explain that in Part I. of 
the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England in 188?, 
Mr. C. De Laune Faunce De Laune published a lengthy paper 
“ On Laying Down Land to Permanent Grass,” in which Rye 
Grass was strongly condemned as worthless for permanent pasture 
Whatever may be the real value of this Grass, it must be admitted 1 
that Mr. De Laune’s paper did good service in exposing the exten 
to which adulteration in Grass seed mixtures was then carried. The 
application of its teaching to his own practice has certainly given 
him pastures of superlative excellence, as Mr. J. A. Caird showed 
in his account of them in Part I. of the same Journal last year,, 
where he says, “ The appearance of his Grass fields is simply 
magnificent, they appear to be full of manure and full of growth.’’’ 
. “ The Grass is an accomplished fact ; it is the most uniform 
rich green sw^rd that can be imagined, but the cost of obtaining it 
would have been unjustifiable had Grass been the only object in 
