March 23,1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
251 
is also well represented in good varieties, ranging in colour from the 
pure white to rich dark rose, and include named varieties, such as 
alba, delicatissima, and rubellum. Some of the plants are carrying 
two dozen well-developed blooms. Thi3 is one of the most useful 
Orchids. It commences flowering in November, lasting a long time 
in beauty. 
MYSTACIDIUM filicorne. 
A plant of this, with Angraecum-like growth (lately introduced 
by Mr. James O'Brien, and said to require a cool shady spot) is 
well grown in an intermediate temperature on a block of Acacia 
wood with a little moss, and is now showing several spikes of 
bloom. Mr. Carr, the gardener, tried it for some time in the 
©dontoglossum house, but failing to see it progressing ingrowth he 
had it taken to a warmer house, and is well satisfied with the results. 
Phaius grandifolius and Peristeria elata potted in the same material 
as that employed for Calanthes are strong, and plants of the former 
in good-sized pots have eight large spikes each. There is a fine 
display in all the houses, and many large specimen Orchids, both 
clean and well grown. 
CCELOGNYE SANDERIANUM. 
Mr. Glover, gardener to Edward Ellis, Esq., Manor House, 
Wallington, has been very successful in establishing some good 
pieces of Ccelogyne Sanderianum. They have been grown in the 
East Indian house on a shelf quite close to the glass. 
On the shady side of the same house are nice batches of the 
lovely Cypripedium bellatulum and the new C. Rothschildianum, 
a figure of which appeared in the Journal last week. Aerides and 
Vandas are also doing well here. Vanda Sanderianum has seven 
growths, and the roots are freely produced. Recently imported 
plants of V. Amesianum are rooting freely. Large plants of 
Oncinium Laneeanum are in grand health, growing on a stage close 
te the front lights. Plenty of heat, moisture, and a fair amount of 
light are requisite for the well being of these plants. Oncidium 
varicosum is very successfully grown by Mr. Glover ; these are 
cultivated in pots with a mixture of sphagnum and fibrous peat, 
and placed on shelves near the roof-glass of the Cattleya house. 
The houses have been gay with showy flowers for some time. 
^Oncidium sarcodes has a spike of sixty blooms, and 0. Marshall- 
ianum has the same number. 0. cucullatum has several spikes. 
Various forms of Cattleya Trianie and C. Schroderse, with some 
•choice Odontoglossums, including a fine variety of 0. Andersoniana 
very heavily marked on the sepals and petals, are noticeable. 
There are some well grown Gloxinias in 6-inch pots, the plants 
measuring 25 inches across and well bloomed. — G. C. 
ORCHIDS AT BATH. 
As is stated on page 261, Orchids were a prominent feature at 
"the Bath Spring Show. A considerable number of beautiful plants 
were arranged, not for competition. Especially good avere those 
sent by a new exhibitor, Mrs. General Studd (Mr. G. Cypher, 
gardener), the most noteworthy among these being a grand plant 
of Dendrobium Ainsworthi, carrying about 120 blooms ; Dendro- 
foium Wardianum, very fine ; and Dendrobium fimbriatum ocula- 
tum ; a choice assortment of flowering and fine-foliaged plants 
serving to set off the Orchids to the best advantage. A certificate of 
merit was awarded to Mrs. Studd for this group, and well-flowered 
pieces of the choice Masdevallia Veitchiana grandiflora and Cypri¬ 
pedium Regneri were singled out for further honours. A grand 
bank of plants was arranged by Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, among 
these being not less than 200 Orchids, all in perfect health and 
beautifully flowered. The best were Cattleyas amethystoglcssa, 
antermedia, Sanderiana, and Trian® ; Coelogyne cristata Lemoniana 
and the Chatsworth variety ; Cymbidium eburnsum ; Cypripediums 
foiflorum, nigrum, Harrisianum, hirsutissimum, Lowi, Sedeni, and 
Warneri ; Dendrobiums Ainsworthi, Falconeri, Brymerianum, 
Jamesianum, nobile pendulum, and Wardianum ; Dendrochilum 
giumaceum ; Lcelia cinnabarina ; Lycaste Skinneri ; Masdevallia 
chimera Roezli ; Odontoglossums Alexandra, Cervantes, cordatum, 
crispum, maculatum, Roezli, Pescatorei, and Rossi majus ; On¬ 
cidium ampliatum ; Phal®nopsis Schilleriana and Stuartiana ; and 
Sephronitis grandiflora. A certificate of merit was awarded to 
Mr. Cypher for this excellent display. 
PRUNING FRUIT TREES AFTER PLANTING. 
I am a strong believer in the practice of pruning all kinds of 
fruit trees after planting. When the growths are left their full 
ength the basal eyes do not start into growth, as what little 
growth is made is generally at the tips of the shoots. When the 
base buds refuse to start the first year they hardly ever break 
tfreely into growth afterwards unless the branches are cut back with 
that object. I think Apple trees, especially standards, need 
cutting back, leaving 8 to 12 inches of growth the first year, with 
a view to furnishing the tree with branches suitably placed. It is 
the same with fruit trees of all kinds and for all purposes of 
training where shapely trees are an object as well as a good crop of 
fruit. As much of the latter can be had from shapely trees as from 
those trees which are allowed to ramble at will. I have seen fan¬ 
shaped wall trees treated in the manner advised by Mr. Bunyard 
resulting in a failure of the lower branches, and much space 
unoccupied towards the base of the wall, and it is the same with 
the Cherry and Plum. 
The object of early pruning after planting is the concentration 
of the energy of the tree into a smaller space, which results in 
additional vigour the fallowing year. The method proposed by 
Mr. Bunyard would, in my opinion, result in a loss of time when 
he says, “ shorten them the second year,” whereas if the shoots 
were pruned the same year as planting is done the growth at the 
end of the year would be satisfactory, and only the extreme points 
would need to be taken off the second year. This treatment applies 
especially to standard Apple trees, which are better not subjected 
to close pruning after the first year’s growth. Growths 2 to 3 feet 
long with the extreme point taken off come into bearing in a much 
shorter space of time than do those of trees which are annually cut 
back to within, say, 1 foot of the previous year’s breaks. Where 
the growths are left, say, 2 feet long, fruit buds form nearly the 
whole length of the branches, whereas if the growths are cut back 
each year more growth is made and less formation of fruit buds. 
Gooseberry and Red and White Currant are greatly benefited 
by close pruning after planting, and for the same reason, a proper 
base formation of the trees. It is the same with Raspberries. 
The best results I have obtained with this fruit was from cutting 
the growths down close to the ground after planting. In this 
manner no fruit was looked for the first season, but canes were 
made which grew 4 and 5 feet high the same year, and, being 
thinned out to allow a free circulation of air and sun, a very heavy 
crop of fruit was obtained the following year. I have seen Rasp¬ 
berries treated in another manner with different results. After 
planting, the canes were cut to within 3 feet of the ground, with 
the idea of not losing a crop of fruit the same yea", but a poor 
crop of fruit was the result, and a poor growth also of new canes 
for the succeeding year’s crop. 
It is the same with Vines. Where the canes are allowed to 
remain their full length after planting for covering the trellis in a 
short time, the results I have seen were not so satisfactory as where 
the canes were cut well back at first, then pruned to within a few 
eyes. Commencing with three above the first wire, which means a 
pair of side spurs and the leader, a slight extension may be allowed 
the following season if the Vines are strong. In this manner the 
rods develope strength, are of even thickness from the bottom to 
the top, which is the mo3t natural manner for the Vine to produce 
the best crop of fruit. Where a length of 6 feet or more of growth 
is allowed to the canes the first year after planting, the back eyes do 
not break strongly, and the rods consequently do not swell greatly 
towards the base, and such Vine3 do not produce bunches at the 
base of the same quality as they do from the leading part of the 
canes. Even crops of fruit very much depend upon the method of 
pruning in the earlier stages of growth. Vines which I planted 
nine years since each year produce as good bunches from the bottom 
spurs as from those near the top of the house. 
One more case I will qrnVe showing the mistake of not cutting 
back the branches of trees after planting. Ten years since, in 
order to fill up an avenue with Limes, some trees were lifted with 
abundance of roots and soil attached. They were standards, from 
7 feet to 15 feet high ; they were thoroughly well planted, and 
carefully attended to the following summer, but the branches were 
not pruned at all. The year following the points were shortened 
back according to their length, but instead of breaking into growth 
near to the base of the first growths they failed to push out shoots 
where they would have been most welcomed, and in the necessary 
position to form shapely beads. Now, had the branches been cut 
close back directly after planting the result would have been trees 
of good form, but now they are anything but that, although growth 
in some instances has been free. This instance is, to my mind, a 
direct proof of the advantage of pruning after planting for pro¬ 
ducing well-formed trees in the shortest space of time. I take it 
that is also the object in regard to fruit culture, especially in the 
case of standard Apple trees.—E. Molyneux. 
I was very much pleased with the leading article in last week’s 
Journal on the “ important question ” of pruning fruit trees after 
planting. I agree with Mr. Wright in saying that the shoots of 
all kinds of fruit trees (with the exception of the Peach) should be 
cut back to a reasonable distance, according to their strength the 
first year after planting, and that they should not be left their full 
length, as advocated by Mr. Bunyard. I have seen the method 
