April 4, 18S9. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
287 
plan, as it will give you the advantage of judging more accurately than 
at present, and the capital will be safe and slightly increase. 
Nectarines Gumming: (A. W .').—One of the fruits appears as if 
the cuticle had been eaten by a weevil, and as these seem numerous this 
season and feed at night you will not find many of them (if they exist) 
by searching in the daytime. The larger fruit on which gumming is 
pronounced had not set the stone. This had swollen to some extent on 
one side, but not on the other, and on this side the growth of the flesh 
was arrested, a sort of shrinkage being apparent, and there the gumming 
occurred. In respect to that fruit we attribute the evil to defective 
fertilisation or an insufficiency of lime in the soil. If the trees are 
luxuriant possibly the sap has not been elaborated during the dull 
weather, and crude sap is the origin of many evils ; and it is possible 
the wood was not so well ripened as it ought to have been owing to the 
dull and cold summer of 1888. If the trees grow very strongly lifting 
the roots and placing them in firm calcareous loam after the crop is 
gathered could scarcely fail to be beneficial. We presume you did not 
defer the disbudding too long, and then remove many growths at once, 
as that would cause the evil in question. 
Border under Trees ( Border). — Nothing succeeds so well as a 
bordering to walks or for covering the ground under trees as Ivy. The 
common or Irish Ivy is extensively employed for edgings in some of the 
London parks and gardens, and neatly cut once a year in late spring, a 
fresh and good appearance is maintained. The soil should be dug and 
enriched if needed before planting, and the better it is the more quickly 
the Ivy will grow. In choosing plants take care they have good roots, 
long trailing Ivy plants with few roots seldom growing well, and many 
die. The growths may be pegged down to form a border of any required 
width, and can easily be kept within bounds with the shears. Hollies 
grow well under trees, especially the broad-leaved Hodgin’s or Shep¬ 
herd’s, Ilex Hodginsi and I. Shepherdi, when the soil is suitable. So 
do Rhododendrons and Aucuba japonica, though they do not succeed in 
all districts. The Evergreen Privet, Ligustrum japonicum, grows well 
under trees in any ordinarily fertile soil. Plant any of those mentioned 
that grow well in open positions in your garden. The present is a good 
time for planting them, also Ivy. 
Orchid House (J. IF.).—Your plan ought to answer admirably. 
The arrangement is similar to what may be seen at Wimbledon House, 
Sir Henry W. Peek’s. At the back of a very fine range of fruit and 
plant houses there are lean-to Orchid houses, these being entered 
through doors in the back wall, so that all the houses can be traversed 
without passing into the open air. We have many times had the plea¬ 
sure of inspecting the Orchids in the houses in question as grown by 
Mr. J. Ollerhead, and always found' them in the most satisfactory con¬ 
dition. The method of ventilating and heating shown in your plan will 
answer, provided the front ventilators are not much above the pipes. 
We should not have an open lattice-work stage over the pipes, but a 
close stand covered with fine gravel or something of that kind. In 
many houses a flat open stage is formed 6 inches or so above the stand, 
so that air can freely circulate amongst the pots, but not dry air. Nor 
should the stand or stage fit close to the wall, but space of an inch or 
two should be left for the heat to rise up next the glass, or the plants 
there would be liable to be chilled, though the body of the house 
might be warm enough. With a tank along the front and gravel else¬ 
where under the stages that can be kept as moist as may be required, 
channels will not be required in the floor, as sufficient atmospheric 
moisture can be maintained without such provision by anyone who 
understands the management of the plants. The glass you name will 
answer very well for the position. The fourth edition of Mr. L. Castle’s 
work on “ Orchids,” just issued, contains a chapter on structures, and 
much other information that would be of service to you in the cultiva¬ 
tion of Orchids. It can be had from this office post free for Is. 3d., or 
from a bookseller for Is. 
Hoses Failing QS. > S'.). — Your question involves the preparation of 
an essay giving all the details of Rose culture, and works on the Rose 
are published by Messrs. W. Paul, Cranston, Rev. H. H. D’Ombrain, 
Mr. D. Gilmour, and others. Moreover, the writer you mention has 
from time to time given all particulars on Rose management in our 
columns. When the buds of Roses refuse to open it is usually the result 
of lack of vigour or defective root action, though the evil may some¬ 
times be traced to errors in ventilation and a too dry atmosphere. Given 
sufficiently strong and healthy growth, a genial buoyant atmosphere, 
and freedom from insects, the buds of nearly all Roses will develope 
into blooms. Those conditions are secured by good soil, judicious appli¬ 
cations of water, proper pruning, thoughtful ventilation, copious 
syringings, with occasional fumigations. If you are afraid of syringing, 
when the buds arc swelling, we are not, and you had better lightly 
fumigate the house at fortnightly intervals for the prevention of 
insects, this being far more satisfactory and economical than waiting 
for them to appear and then waging a war of extermination against 
them, in which you may not perhaps prove the victor, and cannot 
without the plants sustaining injury. The most successful growers of 
Roses and plants of all kinds are those persons who never allow insects 
to be seen in their houses. Aphides appear to be natural accompani¬ 
ments of weak growth, a dry atmosphere, and drought at the roots, not 
constantly but periodically. Amateurs often facilitate insect multipli¬ 
cation by leaving their houses closed too long in the morning after this 
season of the year, but at the same time sharp currents of air must be 
averted, these usually being followed by mildew. If you will make 
clear any of your difficulties, indicating at the same time your own 
methods of procedure, we will assist you if we can. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants,, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
w r ool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once,, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(A r . (?.).—Dendrobium sulcatum. We are not certain about the' 
La'chenalia, as the specimen is small. The flower of Dendrobium nobile 
is very good. (IF. B. I ?.).—Chionodoxas are very variable, but 1 is a 
deep coloured form of C. Lucilise, the flowers not quite so large as in 
some varieties. 2, is C. sardensis of excellent colour. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— April 3rd. 
Supplies lighter, with prices firm. 
FRUIT. 
s. d. s. d. 
Apples, | sieve.2 0 to 1 0 
,, Nova Scotia and 
Canada, per barrel 7 0 16 0 
Cherries, J sieve .... 0 0 0 0 
Grapes, per ft. 1 6 5 0 
Lemons, case.10 0 16 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Oranges, per 100 .... 4 0 to 9 O 
Peaches, dozen. 0 0 0 0 
Pears, dozen. 0 0 0 O' 
Plums, J-sieve. 0 0 0 0 
St. Michael Pine , each 2 0 6 0 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 4 0 8 0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. 
Asparagus, bundle .. 
,, 
2 
0 
to 8 
0 
10 
0 
12 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
• , 
l 
3 
1 
9 
Beet, Red, dozen .. 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, £ sieve 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cabbage, dozen 
, , 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. 
,, 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Celery, bundle 
. , 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. 
r r 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Herbs, bunch .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
s. 
d. 
1. 
d. 
Lettuce, dozen •• 
0 
9 
to 1 
$ 
Mushrooms, punnet 
. . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
New Potatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
6- 
Onions, bushel 
# , 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
a 
Parsnips, dozen 
## 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt... 
,, 
4 
0 
t 
» 
„ Kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. 
# # 
0 
2 
0 
» 
Salsify, bundle .. 
ft • 
1 
0 
1 
6. 
Scorzonera, bundle 
• • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Shallots, per ft, .. 
• • 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Spinach,bushel .. 
• • 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Tomatoes, per ft. .. 
• • 
1 
0 
9 
0 
T uruips, bunch .. 
• • 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
fl. 
d. 
4 
Acacia, dcz. bunohei 
9 
0 to 12 
o' 
Anemones (French), doz. 
bunches . 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Camellias, White, 12 bl... 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, Red, 12 blooms 
0 
9 
. i 
6 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cineraria, per bunch 
0 
6 
i 
0 
Croouses, doz. bunches 
1 
G 
2 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen blooms 
0 
4 - 
0 
9 
Daffodils (various), doz. 
bunches.. .. 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils (double), doz. 
bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Daffodils (single), doz. 
bunches. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Eucbaris, dozen .. ., 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
sprays . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Lilac, White (French), 
per bunch . 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
blooms. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
8. 
PLANTS 
d. 8. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0to 12 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Arbor vitas (golden) dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Asters, 12 pots. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Azalea, per dozen .. .. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
. 0 
0 
0 
0 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Cyclamen,, dc zen pots .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Dracrena terminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Dracaena viridis, doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Erica hyemalis, doz. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
„ various, doz. 
8 
0 
18 
0 
Euonymus, var.. dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
s. d. g. & 
LilyoftheValley, 12 sprays 0 6 to 1 O 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
bunches. 
6 
V 
12 
o- 
Marguerites, 12 bunohes 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
Or 
Myosotis or Forgetmenots 
doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Narciss (various) .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (French) bunch 
0 
3 
0 
ft 
Pelargoniums, 12 trasses 
i 
0 
1 
6' 
,, scarlet, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Primroses, doz. bunohes.. 
0 
6 
i 
0< 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
8 
0 
9 
0< 
„ (indoor), dozen .. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
„ Tea, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0* 
„ yellow . 
2 
0 
6 
a 
Snowdrops, doz. bunches 
i 
0 
8 
0 
TuberoseB, 12 blooms .. 
i 
6 
S 
0 
Talips, dozen blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Violets, 12 bunches.. .. 
1 
0 
1 
ft 
„ Parme (French), 
per bunch 
2 
6 
8 
6 
„ Dark (French) bch. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Wallflowers, doz. bunches 
4 
0 
e 
0 
„ (French), 12 behs. 
1 
0 
« 
o. 
IN POTS. 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
8. 
4 
d. s. 
Oto 18 
d, 
ft 
Ficus elastica, each 
i 
6 
7 
O' 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Hyacinths, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman), doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 
doz. pots . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0- 
Myrtles, dozen .. .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 
2 
6 
21 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Primula, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Solanums. doz. .. . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Tulips, doz. pots .. .. 
6 
9 
9 
0 
PERMANENT PASTURE. 
The minds of practical men are so much exercised just now by 
the Rye Grass controversy that another paper may usefully be 
