May 9, 1889. 1 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
381 
proceed to the larger ones, and take the Apricot first. These will not 
do any good unless grown against a wall, and even then they are a very 
uncertain crop, as the blooms so often get injured by the spring frosts 
To produce the earliest fruits some should be planted on a south wall, 
and for late supplies a west wall will be suitable, being such an uncer¬ 
tain crop too much space ought not to be given them. We recommend 
the following sorts to be planted—Oullins Early, Peach, Moor Park 
Eoyal, Hemskirk, and Kaisha. Not being in so much demand for 
dessert as Peaches and Nectarines, only a few trees should have a place 
against the south wall. 
Peaches and Nectarines. —We take these under the one heading, 
as the same treatment and position apply to both. As before stated, 
these to be satisfactory must have a place against a south wall. Even 
then, with the uncertain climate we have to contend with, success is 
not assured. But generally speaking, if the trees are properly looked 
after, a fair crop of fruits may be obtained ; and as the Peach and 
Nectarine occupy such a prominent position in the lists of fruit 
for dessert, it is necessary to do everything that can be done to 
insure success, and to extend the season over as long a period as is 
possible. This, without the aid of glass, is not a very easy matter) 
though there are now many varieties of Peaches that will, in a fairly 
favourable season, give a supply from the end of July to October, 
provided they are not destroyed by early autumn frosts. These, unlike 
the other fruits, cannot be planted in different aspects with any degree 
of success, therefore the only way is to plant the early, midseason, and 
late varieties on the south wall. The following are some of the best— 
Early Beatrice, this ripens in July, but is not very good, the only thing 
in its favour being its earliness ; Early Louise, Early Alfred, Early 
Silver, a very good Peach that does well in this district; Hale’s Early 
Alexander, Early Grosse Mignonne, Waterloo, Grosse Mignonne, Belle- 
garde, Eoyal George, Noblesse, Dr. Hogg, and for the latest, Salwey and 
Late Admirable. These will give a good succession, but there are many 
others that might be named. Of Nectarines, the best are Lord Napier, 
Violette Hative, Elruge, and Hardwicke Seedling, which will be sufficient 
for the majority of gardens. 
Grapes. —It is very uncertain whether we can get any fruit, but a 
small place in a warm corner may be devoted to a few Vines. It is only 
in the most favourable seasons that any fruit will ripen. We therefore 
only plant a few, such as Muscadine, Esperione, and Chasselas Vibeit, 
which will be acceptable. 
Figs. —Too much space should not be given to these, as the crop is so 
uncertain ; and the fruit being only used for dessert, it is not of so much 
importance as that of many other kinds. The sort to plant is Brown 
Turkey, and a tree or two on the south wall will be sufficient. 
Plums. —These form one of the most useful fruits we have, as sup¬ 
plies may be had from August to the end of October. They can be 
grown as standard or bush trees in the open, and generally do very well. 
But we advise that some sorts should be grown against walls with 
different aspects. A portion of the east and west aspects may be 
devoted to Plums, but the south wall is too valuable to allow of any but 
the very choice varieties being planted against it. These may be trained 
■either as fan or espalier trees, and the fruit will be finer than from trees 
in the open. Being so useful, it will be necessary to plant early, mid¬ 
season, and late varieties. The following are some of the best:—Early 
Prolific, the earliest one to ripen, and is very useful for culinary pur¬ 
poses, coming in as it does when other fruits are somewhat scarce ; Early 
Orleans ; Eeine Claude d’Oullins, a magnificent Plum, one of the best 
■of the early dessert varieties ; Denniston’s Superb ; Lawson’s Golden 
■Gage ; Jefferson ; Bryanston Gage ; Green Gage, which should have a 
place on a wall ; Kirk’s, Belgian Purple, Angelina Burdett, Prince 
Englebert, Victoria, Magnum Bonum, Coe’s Golden Drop, Pond’s 
Seedling, Mitchelson’s, and Belle de Septembre. Many others are worth 
growing, but the above will give a good supply of fruit during the time 
mentioned. 
Pears. —We now come to one of the most important of the hardy 
fruits. Pears are in use for a period of nine months, and are of immense 
value for the dessert, and very useful also for stewing, and it is essential 
to pay particular attention both to their selection and cultivation. 
Large numbers of Pears do very well in the open as pyramids, and many 
■sorts may be grown as espaliers on the sides of the walks. This will 
■economise space, and also give a supply of good fruits. They may also 
be grown as cordons trained to wires. For walls this is a very good plan, 
as a large number of sorts can be grown in the same space, and the 
fruit is generally finer from cordon trees. The late varieties, to con¬ 
tinue the supply after Christmas, must have the benefit of a wall to 
bring them to perfection. The earliest Pears will be ripe in July, and 
the supply can be continued until the following March or April. Of 
the early varieties, the first to ripen are Doyennd d’Etd, Citron des 
Cannes, St. Swithin, Quince Jargonelle, and Jargonelle. These are 
followed by Williams’ Bon Chretien, Beurre d’Amanlis, Madame 
Treyve, &c. For midseason supplies the following are the best:— 
Beurre Superfin, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Souvenir du Congres, Beurrd 
de l’Assomption, Fondante d’Automne, Doyennd Boussoch, Gansel’s 
Bergamot, and Thompson’s. These are nearly all ripe during October. 
For November and December the following are the best Marechal 
de Cour, Marie Louise, Doyennd du Cornice, Pitmaston Duchess, Marie 
Louise d’Uccle, Emile d’Heyst, Beurrd Hardy, Baronneae Mello, Winter 
Nelis, Glou Morgeau, Josephine de Malines, Beurre Sterckmans, and 
Beurre Diel. These will give a supply until Christmas. The number 
of varieties for use after Christmas is more limited. The following are 
the best :—Knight’s Monarch (which is of the finest quality from 
a wall), Beurrd de Jonghe (an excellent Pear), Olivier des Serres, 
Beurre Eance, Bergamotte Esperen, Chaumontel, Easter Beurre, Passe 
Crassanne, Prince Napoleon, Nouvelle Fulvie, Ne Plus Meuris, and 
Doyenne d’Alengon. These if carefully kept may be had in good con¬ 
dition until the time stated. 
Apples. —It is not so difficult to maintain a supply of these as it is 
of Pears ; there are so many varieties to select from. These can be had 
from July till the following June, but it is from November onwards that 
they will be found most useful for dessert and cooking. The following 
is a list of the best dessert varieties, in the order of ripening :—Ked 
Astrachan is the first to ripen, and is fit for use in July ; Mr. Gladstone, 
Irish Peach, Yellow Ingestre, Kerry Pippin, Duchess of Oldenburgh, 
Lady Sudeley, Eed Quarrenden, Worcester Pearmain, Mother, Cox’s 
Orange Pippin, Eibston Pippin, Margil, Blenheim Pippin, King of the 
Pippins, King Harry, Braddick’s Nonpareil, Claygate Pearmain, Allen’s 
Pearmain, and Hubbard’s Pearmain. These will give a good supply to 
Christmas, after which date the following are best: —Scarlet Nonpareil, 
Boston Eusset, Eoyal Eusset, Annie Elizabeth, Court of Wick, Lord 
Burghley, Court Pendu Plat, Allen’s Everlasting, Sturmur Pippin, Duke 
of Devonshire, Bess Pool, Old Nonpareil, Van MonS" Eeinette, Baumann’s 
Ked Winter Eeinette. There are several other varieties, but the above 
will be sufficient to maintain a supply. 
We now come to the cooking Apples, of which there are even more 
varieties to select from than of the dessert sorts. The varieties are so 
numerous that if a sufficient number of trees are planted there will be 
no difficulty in having Apples from August till the following June. 
It may be well here to say that if there is not plenty of space at com¬ 
mand, the trees should be on the Paradise stock, and even if there is 
a fair amount of room it is advisable to have them on this stock, as 
those on the free stock grow too strongly. This applies specially to 
the Blenheim Pippin and several other strong-growing varieties. The 
following are some of the best which may be grown, either as bush or 
standard trees, but we prefer the bush form. Some may also be trained as 
espaliers or cordons. Earliest varieties : Lord Suffield, Lord Grosvenor, 
Manks Codlin, Keswick Codlin, and Golden Spire ; these are all early. For 
midseason the following are among the best:—Cellini, Stirling Castle, 
Stone’s, New Hawthornden, The Queen, Golden Noble, Warner’s King, 
Cox’s Pomona, Ecklinville Seedling, Beauty of Kent, Frogmore Prolific, 
Domino, Blenheim Pippin, and Schoolmaster. These will give a good 
supply until Christmas ; in fact, many of them may be kept until some 
time after Christmas. For use after, say from January to June, we select 
the following :—Dumelow’s Seedling, Lane’s Prince Albert, Alfriston, 
Mere de Menage, Winter Hawthornden, French Crab, Northern Greening, 
Bramley’s Seedling, Yorkshire Greening, Hambledon Deux Ans, Gloria 
Mundi, Dutch Mignonne, Grange’s Pearmain, Baumann’s Ked Winter 
Eeinette, and Newton Seedling or Wonder (a new variety, said to be a 
cross between Blenheim Pippin and Dumelow’s Seedling). These will 
be found sufficient to maintain the supply if carefully kept. 
Medlars and Mulberries. —We may plant one or two trees of 
Medlars and of Mulberries to give a variety, but they are not of much 
importance. __ 
PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS. 
From the middle of July onwards until the arrival of autumn 
frosts the various forms of perennial Sunflowers constitute some of 
the more conspicuous of hardy plants. For the smaller beds and 
borders these Sunflowers are too large, but for large borders and 
shrubberies they are well adapted. From a cultural standpoint 
there is but little to impart, for they are among the simplest and 
easiest to manage in this respect. Any ordinary garden soil which 
will grow a crop of Potatoes or Peas will grow these well, so there 
