January 2, 18S0. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
21 
the island was 8 yards long and 4 wide it would be quite large enough 
to supply a moderate family. Lastly, this fruit may be grown in a bed 
of peat 1 foot deep, sunk an inch or two below the general surface, and 
during dry weather be flooded with water occasionally. In this bed 
they will fruit to a middling extent. This last method is, however, 
not nearly so good as either of the former ; it should only be adopted 
where the situation will not admit of either of the other being prac¬ 
tised. The American Cranberry, on account of its size, is the best to be 
cultivated. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— January 1st. 
Our Market has hsen well supplied with all classes of goods for Christmas ; Grapes 
especially wore good and reaionab'.e. Pears alone being short and high priced. Bnsiness 
generally has not been up to the average. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. d. 
d. 
Apples, 1 sieve. 
'i 
0 to 6 
0 
Oranges, per 100 ,, .. 
4 0 
to 9 
0 
,, Nova Sootia and 
Peaches, dozen ., ,, ,, 
0 0 
0 
0 
Canada, per barrel 12 
0 
20 
0 
Plums, .i-siove. 
0 0 
0 
0 
Gnerries, ^ sieve • • •. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Red Currants, per A-sieve 
0 0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per ft. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Back ,. 
0 0 
0 
0 
LeznoiiB, case •• •• •• 
lo 
0 
113 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
2 0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen •• •• 
4 
0 
to 5 
0 
Leeks.bunch •• 
0 2 
to 0 
0 
Asparagus .bundle .. ., 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lettuce,aozen •• «• 
0 9 
1 
3 
Beans, Kidney,per lb, •• 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet •• 
1 6 
2 
0 
Beet, Rod, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mustard A Cress, punnet 
U 2 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bust el .. .. 
8 0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 0 
3 
0 
Cabbage, dozen «• •• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen •• 
1 0 
0 
0 
Capsicum?, per 100 •• 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. *, 
3 0 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch •• •• 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bund> •• .« 
0 2 
0 
0 
Oaulidowers, dozen •• 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. 
1 0 
1 
6 
Celery, bundle .• ,, 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Scorzohera, bundle ,, 
1 6 
0 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, per ft .. .. 
0 8 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each ,. ,, 
0 
s 
0 
6 
Sninacb, bushel •• ,, 
1 0 
2 
0 
Endive, dozen,, ,, 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per ft. 
0 6 
0 
9 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch •• •• 
0 4- 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERSi 
s. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 1 2 blooms .. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Asters, perbuneb, French 
0 
0 
0 
0 
bunches. 
4 0 
to 9 
0 
Azalea, dozen Bprajs 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
2 0 
4 
n 
Bouvardias, buneb .. • • 
0 
H 
1 
0 
„ Fr., large bnch 
1 6 
2 
0 
Camelliap, dozen blooms 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Narcissus (Paper*white), 
Carnations, 12 blooms .• 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen spr tys 
1 0 
1 
6 
Christmas Roses, IS b!ms. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ French,12 buobs 
4 0 
8 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 0 
1 
6 
blooms. 
0 
6 
s 
0 
1 , scarlet, 12 bunches 
6 0 
12 
0 
Ohryeanthemums, dozen 
Primul i (double) I2ppray8 
1 0 
1 
6 
bunches . 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,. (single) 12 sprays 
0 9 
1 
0 
Epiphyllums, doz. bboens 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Roses (indoor), dozen .• 
1 8 
s 
0 
Enebaris, dozen •• 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Bed. 
0 0 
0 
0 
Gardenias. 12 blooms 
4 
0 
8 
0 
,, ,, 12 bljoms .. 
1 6 
2 
0 
Gladiolus (various) dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 0 
s 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8 0 
4 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
„ Piench,per bunch.. 
2 0 
4 
8 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Spirsa, dozen binohes .. 
9 0 
12 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms •. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Stephanotis, doz. sprays 
0 0 
0 
0 
Lilinm, various, 12 blms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Peas. doz. bunches 
0 0 
0 
0 
T.ilinm lougitlorum, 12 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms ., 
1 e 
2 
0 
blooms.. ,, 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Violets, dozen bunches .. 
1 0 
8 
0 
Lily of the Valley..dozen 
„ French, per bunch 
2 0 
s 
0 
sprays . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parme. per bunch 
4 0 
6 
6 
Marguerites, l 2 bnuonee 
2 
0 
6 
0 
White Lilac, Fr., per bnch 
6 0 
8 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS, 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
Aralia dieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0toI2 
0 
Fious elastics, eg ch 
1 6to 7 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Foliage plaLts, var., each 
2 0 
10 
0 
Arhorvltae(golden'' dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Hyj.jinth'*, 12 pots .. .. 
9 0 
13 
0 
Azalea, various, p r doz. 
80 
0 
42 
0 
„ (Roman) 12pctj 
9 0 
15 
0 
Begonias, various, per doz 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 pots 24 0 
42 
0 
Balsams, per dozen. • .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 0 
19 
0 
Caladiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen • • 
0 0 
0 
0 
Christmas Bose .. . • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per do en .. .. 
0 0 
0 
0 
ChrysanthemuiQB, dozen 
6 
0 
IS 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 0 
12 
0 
Dracsnaterminalis, doz. 
21 
0 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
2 6 
21 
0 
Dracaena viridis, doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Primula (single) per doz. 
4 0 
6 
0 
Epiphyllnri), per doz. .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Rhodaoihe. per dozen .. 
0 0 
0 
0 
Erioa, various, dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
S..xafraga pyramidalis, 
Euonymus, var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
p3r dozen. 
0 0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Rolanums, per dozen 
6 0 
12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Tulips, 12 pots. 
8 0 
10 
0 
A HAPPY NEW YEAR. 
Quickly run the sands of time ; another year ended, another 
year begun ! How can we best turn to account the lessons of the 
past so as to insure a bright and px’osperous future ? For we qre 
very sure that farmers and prosperity have not parted company for 
good and all. On the contrary, it is gradually coming back to us, 
and the more fully this is realised and the more clearly the manner 
of its return is grasped by our readers the more able will they be to 
obtain their full share of it, and to enjoy the Happy New Year 
which we so cordially wish them. 
No radical change is there in the agricultural situation, nor is 
there likely to be any such change brought about by State aid 
in the guise of protection. It is to themselves alone thac 
farmers must now look for relief ; nor is it difficult to see how they 
may do so. Rent has come down with the price of corn, and good 
sound land can be hired at “ time’s prices,” which means really a 
fair and reasonable adjustment of rent to the present value of farm 
produce. Taken upon this sound basis land ought to answer under 
really good cultivation quite as well as it ever did ; and it does. 
No doubt there is a serious curtailment of means among farmers 
generally ; tout this by no means points to unprofitable farming, but 
rather to small profits, which it is now our aim to realise as quickly 
as possible. 
As mixed and modified husbandry takes the place of exclusive 
corn-growing prosperity returns, especially to those who are striving 
earnestly for improvement in every detail as well as the actual 
system of their practice. That faults abound in ordinary farm 
practice there can be no doubt. Ignorance, prejudice, carelessness 
all tend to cripple the farmer, and it is exceptional to meet with 
intelligent striving for improvement. Read, mark, learn, as well as 
practise, say we to every farmer, and do not let prejudice and 
custom stand in the way of improvement. Only an hour or two 
before sitting down to write this article we asked a Kent dairy 
farmer what place green Maize had among his crops, and vere told 
that Maize would not answer in Kent. A little inquiry showed us 
that he was quite ignorant of the high value of this crop, as well as 
of the simple process involved in its cultivation. We ventured to 
say he was altogether mistaken, and gave him the necessary details 
with a hope that he might be induced to try this finest of all green 
forage crops for early autumn use. 
Before all things a tenant farmer should resolve to turn every 
yard of land for which he pays rent to full account, and he should 
next set himself earnestly to see how he can best do this at a mode¬ 
rate expenditure. Good farming does not consist in the production 
of heavy crops and numerous fat stock at an outlay which absorbs 
all profits, but rather in a system of management which insures a 
certain profitable return upon outlay every year. In order to do- 
Jihis the outlay for labour must be confined within given limits, 
the crops muse be well balanced, the live stock must be well bred, 
brought to early and profitable maturity, and not be kept simply 
for the manufacture of manure. Waste is a crying evil on many a 
farm, and we repeat that there is much waste in the formation of 
huge muck heaps, from the feeding of the cattle, the reckless use 
of hay, roots, and straw, onwards to the carting, turning, recarting, 
and final spreading of what is termed manure, but which too 
frequently is mere sodden humus. 
Very much is done to enable farmers to avoid wasting money 
upon adulterated cattle food and manure by the Royal Agricul¬ 
tural Society of England and similar associations, yet for the 
majority of farmers the analyses published do no good. They are 
content to continue purchasing cake and manures about which they 
know nothing, simply because the cake has some nourishing pro¬ 
perties, the manure some elements of fertility, without having 
regard to much worthless matter contained in both, upon which 
they are content to waste money. Repeatedly have we had evi¬ 
dence of this in Dr. Voelcker’s reports, yet the sale of such rubbish 
continues, to the disgrace and loss of the easy going purchasers. 
Individual efiEort can do very little to grapple with this matter- 
other than by a strict avoidance of dealers in such articles. But 
local Agricultural Chambers and Farmers’ Clubs would be doing 
good to form companies whence farmers could obtain their supplies 
with a feeling of certainty that they are having pure genuine food 
and manures at the lowest market price. Failing such advantages, 
expenditure upon cake and manures may be avoided by using home¬ 
grown food and an extension of sheep folding, which, after all, is 
