February C, 1890. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
121 
unpleasant when served, as it is when permitted to remain long after 
being cut in a dry place before being cooked. Perhaps the plants 
in your beds are crowded, and it might be prudent to establish some 
young plants for producing stronger crowns, not, however, destroying 
the old prematurely. Sets with bud growths now or incipient crowns 
planted 18 inches asunder in deep rich soil, and the ground hoed fre¬ 
quently, produce fine crowns by the autumn, but if crowded together in 
poor dry soil only weak crowns can be expected. 
Heating- Cucumber House ((7. J. II.'). —The piping you propose 
for furnishing top heat—viz., two 4-inch pipes, is not enough, as to 
maintain a suitable temperature the pipes will require to be highly 
heated, and heat radiated at a high temperature is not good for the 
foliage of the Cucumbers. We should advise an extra pipe, or prefer¬ 
ably two, whereby you will attain to more satisfactory results Iwth as 
regards the Cucumbers and economy in heating. Two rows of 4-inch 
pipes will ba sufficient for bottom heat, and we should have them in a 
chamber nOT,- more than a foot deep, and covered with slates, so as to 
form the bottom of the bed, which should be kept just clear of the hot- 
water pipes. If you use rubble it should be brought over the pipes to 
the extent of 6 inches, and it must be covered with a layer of turves to 
prevent the finer particles of soil passing into it. Both are good plans, 
but we prefer the chamber. The boiler will certainly be sufficiently 
powerful for heating the piping you name, also for the additional piping 
we strongly advise your employing for cultural and economic con¬ 
siderations. 
Variation In Pears (J. S. IF.).—Your experience is interesting. 
The two fruits were not only quite dissimilar in shape, eye, stalk inser¬ 
tion (though in this respect one was imperfect), but in texture of the 
flesh and flavour ; yet “ they both came from one tree.” If a graft or 
bud has not been inserted at some time the difference must be 
attributable to “sporting.” Similar instances are not unknown, though 
they are not common. That a Pear tree will occasionally “ throw ” 
one or more fruits totally different from the general crop has long been 
recognised by pomologists, and in some instances the sports have exactly 
resembled the fruit of another well known variety. The change has 
been attributed to the influence of pollen, in which the characters of 
varieties are conveyed, but not always retained unmixed in the tree lo 
which the pollen is transferred. It is singular that the fruit should 
thus be changed, but it is so, though examples are rare, or are not suffi¬ 
ciently marked to command attention. In such instances as yours the 
foliage would not be changed, but the seeds probably would, and it 
does not follow that the same phenomenon will occur another year ; if 
it does we shall be obliged by your sending us more fruits from the 
sportive tree. 
Golden Russet Apple (^E. L. B .).—You have been correctly 
informed in this being a good dessert Apple. It is, in the estimation of 
many good judges, one of the best, but the tree is not one of the most 
hardy, and sometimes assumes a stunted habit when trees on "the 
Paradise stock are permitted to overladen themselves in a young state. 
The following is the “ Fruit Manual ” description of the variety with 
the author’s note appended :—“ Fruit, medium-sized, 2f inches wide, 
and 2^ inches high ; ovate. Skin, thick, covered with dingy yellow 
russet, which is rough, thick, and scaly on the shaded side and round 
the base, and sometimes with a bright flame of varnished red on the 
side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, or half open, with erect con¬ 
vergent segments, set in a prominently plaited basin. Stamens, median ; 
tube, conical. Stalk, very short, inserted in an uneven cavity, and not 
protruding beyond the base. Flesh, pale yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and 
aromatic, but not abounding in juice. Cells, obovate ; axile, closed. 
An excellent dessert Apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December 
to March. The tree is healthy and an excellent bearer, but requires a 
warm situation to bring the fruit to perfection. This is another of 
our old English Apples. Worlidge calls it the Aromatic, or Golden 
Kusseting, ‘it hath no compear, it being of a gold-colour coat, under a 
russet hair, with some warts on it. It lies over the winter, and is, 
without dispute, the most pleasant Apple that grows, having a most 
pleasant aromatic hautgust, and melting in the mouth.’ It is called 
St. Leonard’s Nonpareil about Horsham from being grown under that 
name at Leonard’s Lee, near that town.” 
Hames of Fruits. —The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (IF. iT. IF.).—As far as we can judge from the out-of- 
condition specimens, the Apple is the Golden Kusset. See reply to a 
correspondent jon the subject. 
irames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should b^r spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(Ji IF). — It is one of the numerous hybrids now introduced in 
almost every consignment. It is pretty, but it is impossible to give 
names to all the forms, and it is probable that some rather restrictive 
rules will shortly be adopted with regard to this matter. {J. E.). — 
1, Camellia Waratah ; 2, Camellia altheasflora. 
COVENT GARDEN M.4RKBT.— Fuuruary 5th. 
s. 
a. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
i. 
s. 
d. 
Apploa, J slova. 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Oranges, per 100 ., 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
y, Nora Sjctia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oanada, per barrel 
12 
0 
20 
0 
Plums, ^-sieva. 
0 
0 
0 
» 
Ohemos, ^ sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Rod CurrAUts, per ^-sieTO 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Q-rapaa, par lt>.. 
O 
0 
4 
0 
Black „ y. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
oaso . 
10 
c 
16 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
2 
0 
6 
0- 
VEGErABLSS. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
A.rtiohokd3, dozen •• «• 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Leeks, bunch .« tr 
0 
2 
to 0 
0> 
A8p!irftgua,baiia!e .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
L‘'ttuce,aozen ,♦ •• 
0 
9 
1 
3 
Beana, Kidney, per lb. •• 
1 
6 
2 
0 
ib.*a8hroom8, punnet •• 
1 
6 
2 
tt 
Baet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mustard <& Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .» 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, busbel .. •• 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brasaels .SproutP, J sieve 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Oabbage, dozen «• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen ., •• 
1 
0 
0 
0 
OiipBioums, per 100 .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt, ,, ,, 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Carrots, b-auch ., .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, oundl? ,* •• 
0 
2 
0 
o 
OaullflowarH ,doz9a ,, 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
& 
Oslery, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Scorzonera, bundle *• 
1 
6 
0 
o 
ColewortSy doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, psr ft. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Ououmbors, eaoh ., ,. 
0 
s 
0 
6 
Spinach, bushel •• •• 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Kadive, dozen .♦ •• •• 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per ft. 
0 
6 
1 
0» 
Heros, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch •« •« 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS! 
B, 
d. 
P. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Amm Lilies,IS blooms .. 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. 
Azalea, doztu s^rajs .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
bunches. 
4 
0 to 9 
0 
Bouvardiao, bunch .. «. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette. 12 bnnohes 
2 
0 
4 
0 
OimelUfts, dozfn blooms 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„ Fr., large bnch 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Oarnations, I’i biooma .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Narcissus (Paper-whitOi 
Chriatmas Roses, IS blms. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
d>zen sprays 
0 
9 
1 
o 
Ohrysauthemunis, dozen 
„ Freu3h.l2 buohs 
1 
6 
3 
o 
bloom I. 
0 
6 
$ 
0 
Pslargoniums, 12 trasses 
1 
0 
1 
6. 
Ohrysantbemums, dozen 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
13 
0 
bunohos. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Primula (double) ISsprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Laffolills,dozen blooms., 
1 
0 
2 
0 
,. (-singie) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
o 
Eoiphyllatn^, doz. bloouis 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Roses (indoor), dozen •• 
1 
6 
S 
ft 
Enchans, dozen ,, 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Bed. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Q-ardoniaa. 12 blooms .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
,, „ 12 blooms .• 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Gladiolae (various) dozen 
„ T^a, white, dozen,. 
1 
0 
s 
0 
sprava . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Yoliow . 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
„ P.eoch, per bnneh.. 
2 
0 
6 
ft 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
9 ilraei, doZ3n bvinohea 
9 
0 
12 
ft 
L tpif^erU, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Stophanotis, doi. sprayB 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lllinai, ra-i'jU3. I’l blms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
S^eet Peas, doz. bunohes 
0 
0 
0 
ft 
Liliatn lougidorum, IS 
T'lbaroses, 12 blooms ., 
1 
6 
2 
0 
blooms .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Violets, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
8 
o 
Lily of tie Valley, .dozen 
„ French, per banch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
,, Parme. per bunch 
3 
0 
4 
ft 
Margaorites, bauohou 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Wnite Lilac, Pr., per bnoh 
4 
0 
6 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS* 
9. 
d. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
AraliaSieboldi, dozen •• 
6 
OtolS 
0 
Pious elastioa, eaoh 
1 
6 to 7 
ft 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Poliaga pUtts, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Arbor vitas(golden> dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Hyacinth?, 12 pots .. .. 
7 
0 
10 
0 
Azalea various, p r doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, (Roman) 12 pot! 
9 
0 
12 
o 
Begonias, various, per doz 
4 
0 
13 
0 
Lily oi the VtiUey, 12 pots 18 
0 
so 
0 
Bdlsams, per dozeh.. ,. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Margnerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
13 
0 
Cal'idiums, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Christmas Rose .. ., 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per do en .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
ft 
Chrysautbemums, dozen 
6 
0 
16 
0 
Myrtles, dozen .. . • • • 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracsnateruiinalis. doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Dra aeon viridis, dFz, 
13 
0 
24 
0 
Primula (single) per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
ft 
Epiphyllim, per doz, .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erie.i, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Baxalraga pyramidalis, 
EuOQymus, var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hvergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Talius, 12 pots .. .. .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
COW AND DAIRY IN WINTER. 
Although these articles embrace all kinds of farming, yet th(y 
are specially intended to assist the managers of home farms, both 
large and small. That such aid is required and valued we have 
ample evidence, and quite recently a case very much in point came 
under our notice, some particulars of which may be useful to any 
of our readers in a similar situation. 
It was a small place, where the head gardener had entire charge 
of the garden, land, and live stock, which consisted of three or four 
cows, a few store beasts, and some pigs and poultry. The land was 
heavy, and so retentive of moisture that no system of drainage 
could relieve it of surface water quickly without a total change in 
its mechanical condition. In such a wet month as January was the 
surface of the land was sodden with moisture, and decidedly 
unfit for animals of any kind to be turned out upon it, yet upon 
