180 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
r February 13, 1890. 
size, of a half destroyed-fruit, and a view of the assailing fungus 
which has been named Ciadosporium lycopersici, enlarged from the 
microscope 500 diameters. 
The brown spores of this Ciadosporium are often produced in 
such enormous numbers upon both sides of the foliage that they fly 
from the leaves in millions. If the Tomato foliage is briskly 
touched, a cloud of spores will taint the air and be distinctly per¬ 
ceptible in the mouth and lungs if they are inhaled. 
But it would appear that Ciadosporium lycopersici is not the 
only species which makes black spots upon Tomatoes, for Dr. Cooke 
has described a Ciadosporium fulvum, which also causes black 
spots upon Tomato fruits. An ordinary human being might sus¬ 
pect these two fungi to be the same, and an ordinary botanist, on 
examining the published illustrations, might be able to see no dif¬ 
ference between the two. Certain fungus-men will not however, 
have it so, and one bold fungus-man has even had the temerity to 
suggest the existence of even a third species. On second thoughts, 
however, the latter gentleman modestly christened his would-be 
species a mere variety under the pretty name of Ciadosporium 
fulvum violaceum. Whether all these wretched little fungi are 
quite the same with, or a trifle different from, each other, does not 
matter the toss-up of a button. It is sufficient for ordinary mortals 
to know that Tomatoes are attacked by a Ciadosporium of some 
kind which grows upon leaves and fruit alike, and kills both. The 
fungi we are discussing are named Ciadosporium because the sup¬ 
porting stems of the spores are (or, rather, should be) branched, 
from Iclados, a branch ; but the fungus of Tomatoes is not 
branched, neither is the typical engraved species of Ciadosporium 
in “Cooke’s Handbook,” but a considerable amount of unmitigated 
scientific botany is unfortunately got up in this style. 
Let the botanists settle amongst themselves whether the Tomato 
fungus is a Ciadosporium, a Helminthosporium, a Macrosporium, or 
a Heterosporium, or any other kind of “ sporiura,” so long as they 
do not pester the poor inoffensive growers of Tomatoes with long- 
winded names and descriptions. It is all heterosporium (heteros, 
variable) to the writer of these lines. 
Of late years liliaceous and even orchidaceous, and other plants, 
including garden Carnations, have been badly attacked by Cladospori. 
The devastation caused of late by these attacks is certainly 
remarkable. 
Most of the Tomato fungi are in their earlier stages quite 
superficial, so that if remedies are applied in good time recovery 
seems to be possible. Experiments with remedies must be made 
and repeated and reported upon by practical growers. Many 
recipes and suggestions have been printed of late in the Journal of 
Worthington G. Smith, Dunstable. 
Ev'ents of the Week. —There are no special horticultural events 
on record for this week, but the usual auction sales will be held of 
Orchids and bulbs at Cheapside and King Street, Covent Garden. 
The Royal Society meets to-day (Thursday) at 4.30 P.M., the Quekett 
Club on Friday, at 8 P.M., and the Society of Arts on Wednesday, 
February 19th, at 8 p.m. 
- At the annual general meeting of the Royal Horticultural 
Society', held on February 11th, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart,, M.P. 
President, in the chair, the following ladies and gentlemen were 
elected Fellows of the Society — viz., R. W. G. Baker, W. Balchin, 
Thos. Bate, Thos. Bate, F.S.I., the Countess of Bective, Samuel Bennett 
J. H. Wright Bishop, the Rev. Canon Bliss, A. H. Bond, A. T. Bourke> 
F. A. Browne, Jas. Brown, Miss G. Carter, Miss Ellen M. Chute, Alex’ 
Crossman, C. W. Dalbiac, B. W. Duffield, Rev. W. Elwin, Mrs. Fleming- 
W. Garton, A. H. Griffiths, J. C. Grinling, W. Hibberdine, Mrs. HollowelP 
Mrs. H. T. Lambert, Miss Marie Lowe, Jas. Marson, S. W. Marten’ 
R. W. T. Morris, Lady Musgrave, Alex. Overend, E. H. Oxenham’ 
F. C. Paule, J. W. Pimblett, J. Prestwick, W. Ransom, Mrs. W. Riving- 
ton, G. H. Sage, H. E. Simonds, Henry Sowter, Rev. J. Tillard, H. W. 
Underhill, — Wakefield, Alfred Warner, Eustace Wigram, Alfred 
Wilson, John Wood, Percy T. Wrigley, T. W, Wellington, Captain 
Jekyll, R. J. Collier. 
- The Weather in the Metropolitan district has been colder 
during the past few days, easterly and north-easterly winds being 
accompanied by frosts of 4° to 8°. The days generally have been bright, 
Saturday, Sunday, and Monday particularly so, and scarcely any rain 
has fallen. 
-Weather ik the North.—T he unseasonably mild weather 
up to the 5 th inst. has been followed by five days of welcome frost, 
ranging from 7° to 10° on the morning of the 9 th. Especially dense 
hoar frost and heavy fogs have occurred, but some days have been 
beautifully bright. Farmers have been able to push on operations 
delayed by the previous rainy weather.—B. D., Perthshire. 
- Turner Memorial Prizes. —We are informed that the fol¬ 
lowing prizes are offered by the trustees for the year 1890 :—National 
Tulip Society. Exhibition to be held at Manchester. The date not yet 
fixed. For six distinct seedling Tulips, three rectified and three breeders 
—first prize, 30s. ; second prize, 20s. For twelve distinct named Tulips, 
six rectified and six breeders—first prize, £3 ; second, £2 ; third, £1. 
At the Tibshelf Horticultural Society’s Exhibition the following prizes 
are offered for Roses—viz., for twenty-four cut Roses, distinct, amateurs 
only—first prize, £5 ; second, £3 ; third, £2. At the autumn Exhibition 
of the Royal Horticultural Society, Edinburgh, September 10th and 11th, 
twenty-four Dahlia blooms, distinct. Show and Fancy varieties—first 
prize, £5 ; second, £3; third, £2. 
- The Crystal Palace Shows.—T he schedule of the usual 
series of shows at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham, is issued, and contains 
liberal provision for plants, flowers, fruit, and vegetables. The first or 
spring Show is fixed for Saturday, March 29th, when bulbs and forced 
plants will constitute the chief features. On Saturday, May 10th, the 
summer Exhibition will be held, forty-six classes being provided, thirty- 
two open to all exhibitors. Specimen, show, and greenhouse plants. 
Orchids, Ferns, Pelargoniums, cut flowers, and floral decorations will 
form the leading features. The National Rose Society’s Exhibition 
has been previously announced for Saturday, July 6th, and only the 
regulations are inserted. A Fruit ExTiibition will take place on Friday 
and Saturday, September 5th and Gth, the customary substantial prizes 
being offered for collections of fruit. Grapes, Peaches, Plums, &c. 
October 9th to 11th are the dates for the hardy fruit Show, when 
Apples, Pears, and vegetables are largely provided for, while the Chrys¬ 
anthemum Show is announced for November 7th and 8th, £23 being 
offered in four prizes for forty-eight cut blooms. 
- Messrs. Wm. Wood & Son, Wood Green, London, N., send us 
an excellent sample of Orchid Peat, of which they say they have a 
large stock. It is one of the best samples we have seen, and is admirably 
adapted for Orchid culture. 
- Gardening Appointment. — Mr. A. Waters, gardener for 
the past five years to John Eccles, Esq., Farington House, Preston, and 
formerly foreman at Norris Green Gardens, has been appointed gardener 
to Captain Hopwood, Hopwood Hall, Middleton, Manchester. 
- We are requested to announce that the International Exhibi¬ 
tion of Geographical, Commerical and Industrial Botany and of 
Microscopy which was to he held at Antwerp this year cannot, owing to 
unforeseen circumstances, take place in |1890, but will be opened next 
year. 
— — Messrs. James Veitch & Sons send for our inspeetion an 
assortment of Primula blooms, which in size, substance, and diversity— 
including the purest and richest colours—are distinctly meritorious. 
In all those respects such Primulas would have been thought impossible 
only a very few years ago. 
-No doubt the Caterpillar Plague was brought about iu 
some measure by cutting down old hollow trees throughout the country, 
destroying the nesting places of tomtits, which feed their young on 
small caterpillars, and so disturbed the balance of Nature. As a remedy 
I propose small boxes, flower pots, or cocoa-nut shells with holes just 
large enough for the tits, or sparrows will take possession. If plenty of 
these were hung in gardens and orchards, the tits would soon increase. 
But I fancy I hear someone say, “They eat my Pears.” Well, all I 
can say is. Net them.—J. Dednam, Much Hadham, 
- Mr. A. Harding writes :—“ Thei Weather here (near Peter¬ 
borough), has been mild, with occasional frost and snow : 15° has been 
the lowest recorded. The Aconites and Snowdrops were unusually 
early, are now getting over; but on the sunny rockery. Primroses, 
Violets, Crocuses, Hepaticas, Omphalodes verna, and even Narcissus 
bulbocodium citrinus is in bloom, with a few other things. American 
