March 6, 189^ ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE^ AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
191 
done, A little clear Boot water administered occasionally after the 
soil is well occupied by roots usually sustains a healthy foliage, and 
■a top-dressing of turfy loam and horse manure will do good in 
August. Good and careful watering, accompanied by frequent over¬ 
head syringings on hot days, and judicious applications of liquid 
-manure after the buds are set, will do the rest.—M. H. 
't)N THE FLOWERING AND FLOWERS OF APPLES. 
As the seasons come round we occasionally hear it said in early 
■summer “ There will be no Apples this year, the flowers having been 
Qestroyed by the spring frosts.” In a paper which I read recently 
before the Society of Arts, London, on “ Fruit Culture for Profit in the 
Open Air in England,” I called attention to the fact that there were 
many days’ difference in the date of unfolding of the blossoms of the 
different varieties, and that the general opinion was that the blossoms of 
Ahe early blooming kinds were often destroyed when the late ones escaped. 
This is no doubt partially true, but not absolutely so, nor sufficient 
.alone to account for a full or- partial crop. There are other facts in 
■connection therewith which I illustrated by the flowers of Peaches 
and Nectarines which were in bloom at the time the paper was 
read, and which is equally applicable to Apples. There is a difference 
in the size and substance of the petals which, to borrow a comparison 
from our own articles of dress, may be compared to that between a full 
and meagre, a thick and thin coat, and further in the form of the 
flowers, which if cupped or expanded may be compared to the difference 
between a buttoned and an open coat. So satisfied was I that these 
Jatter pecularities influenced the crop of fruit that in the spring of 
last year (1889) I thought it worth while to note carefully the date of 
flowering, the size, shape and substance of the flowers and petals of 
fiome ninety-five varieties of Apples growing in precisely the same 
position and climate, and this table I now submit to the public. 
.Date of Flowering, Name, Size and Shape of Flowers, Shape 
OF Petals, Substance of Petals of Ninety-five Varieties 
OF Apples. 
Column 1.—Size of flowers, S. small, M. medium, L. large. 
Column 2.—Shape of flowers, Exp. expanded. Cup. cupped. 
•Column 3.—Shape of petals, N. narrow, M. medium, B. broad. 
■Column 4.—Substance of petals, M. medium. Thick, Thin. 
Cate. 
Name. 
Size. 
Shape of 
Flower. 
Shape of 
Petals. 
Substance. 
May 1 
Irish Peach . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
•May 5 
Duchess of Oldenburg. 
L. 
Cup. 
N. 
Thin 
May 7 
Flower of Kent . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Summer Thorle . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thin 
Keswick Codlin . 
M. 
Cup 
M. 
Thin 
Beauty of Waltham . 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Red Ingestrie. 
L. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thin 
Tower of Grlamis . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
English Codlin . 
M. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Hanwell Souring . 
L. 
Exp. 
B. 
M. 
Hubbard’s Pearmain . 
S. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Red Astrachan. 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Oslin. 
L. 
Cup. 
N. 
Thick 
Golden Spire . 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
Thin 
May 9 
Keddleston Pippin. 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
Thin 
Kerry Pippin. 
L. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thick 
Lord Suffield. 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Devonshire Quarrenden. 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
M. 
Manks Codlin. 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thin 
Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil... 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Bedfordshire Found'ing 
S. 
Exp. 
N. 
M 
Warner’s King. 
L. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thick 
May 11 
Old Golden Pippin. 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
Thin 
May Queen . 
L. 
Cup. 
. B. 
M. 
Emperor Alexander . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
M. 
Scarlet Nonpareil. 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Adams’ Pearmain. 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Dutch Mignonne . 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Jolly Beggar . 
M. 
Cup. 
N. 
Thick 
Ringer . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thick 
Yellow Ingestrie . 
S. 
Exp. 
N. 
M. 
Brownlee’s Russet. 
M. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thick 
Stirling Castle. 
L. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thick 
Queen . 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Baumann’s Red Reinette 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Sturmer Pippin . 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
Thin 
May 15 
Royal Russet. 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Bramley’s Seedling. 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
M. 
Old Golden Reinette . 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Grenadier. 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Date. 
Name. 
Size. 
Shape of 
Flower. 
Shape of 
Petals. 
u bstar.ce. 
May 15 
Lemon Pippin. 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Boston Russet. 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Nonesuch. 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Betty Geeson. 
L. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thick 
Calville Blanche . 
S. 
Cup. 
N. 
M. 
Norfolk Beefing . 
L. 
Exp. 
B. 
M. 
Dredge’s Fame. 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Lamb Abbey Pearmain... 
• •• 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Warwick Pippin . 
• •• 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
Thin 
Yorkshire Greening 
L. 
Cup. 
P. 
Thick 
Minchall Crab. 
L. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thick 
Cellini . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
May 18 
Cox’s Orange Pippin 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Rymer . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Blenheim Pippin . 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Dumelow’s Seedling 
... 
L. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thick 
Cox’s Pomona. 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Sam Young . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
M. 
Lord Burleigh. 
• •• 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Forge . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Margil . 
... 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Reinette de Canada 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Lewis’s Incomparable ... 
.. . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
M. 
London Pippin . 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Herefordshire Pearmain 
«*• 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
M. 
Gloria Mundi. 
... 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Allen’s Everlasting. 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
M. 
King of the Pippins 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Beauty of Kent . 
... 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Mabbott’s Pearmain 
... 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
M. 
Court of Wick. 
L. 
Exp. 
N. 
M. 
Golden Noble. 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thxk 
Pearn’s Pippin. 
... 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Bcklinville . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thick 
Mannington’s Pearmain 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Peasgood’s Nonesuch — 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Loddington . 
L. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thick 
Lord Derby . 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Golden Pearmain . 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Duke of Devonshire 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Yorkshire Beauty. 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Annie Elizabeth . 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
M. 
Northern Greening. 
... 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thin 
Red Juneating. 
L. 
Cup. 
B. 
Thick 
Worcester Pearmain 
M. 
Cup. 
N. 
M. 
French Crab . 
M. 
Exp. 
N. 
Thick 
Small’s Admirable .„ ... 
M. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thick 
Cockle’s Pippin . 
N. 
Cup. 
M. 
Thin 
Alfriston. 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
May 21 
Court pendfi Plat. 
... 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
Thick 
Galloway Pippin . 
M. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
Lady Henniker . 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
White Juneating . 
M. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thin 
Bess Pool. 
M. 
Exp. 
B. 
Thick 
Northern Spy. 
... 
L. 
Exp. 
M. 
M. 
The first column relating to the size of the flowers requires no 
further comment than that a large flower surrounding and in close 
proximity to the organs of fructification would hare a greater protecting 
influence than a medium sized or small one. The second column 
relating to form is still more important from this point of view. It 
must, however, be remarked here that the flowers of some sorts are 
“ capped ” from the time they open till they fall, whereas others are 
“cupped” when opening, gradually passing into the “expanded” form, 
and others, again, are expanded from the beginning till they fall. 
The third column relates to the size of the petals which compose the 
flower, some being narrow, leaving openings between them, others 
closing completely, and some even overlapping. In the latter cases 
there is, I apprehend, a much larger amount of protection afforded to 
the delicate embryo. The fourth column relating to the substance of 
the petals cost me the most thought and time. The difference here is 
in some cases so slight as to require a very sensitive touch to realise, 
although I believe it is not without influence on the crop. 
Many inferences may be drawn from the facts recorded in the above 
table. I will only instance one. The popular opinion that early 
flowering sorts should be avoided would seem not absolutely correct. 
Two of the earliest flowering sorts, “ Irish Peach ” and “ Duchess of 
Oldenburg ” are constant bearers, which is due probably to the protection 
the embryo receives from their large cup-shaped flowers ; wheieas two 
of the latest flowering sorts, “ Bess Pool ” and “ Northern Spy” are shy 
bearers, which may be due to their natural constitution, but is open to 
the suspicion of being influenced by the later frosts on the organs of 
reproduction which are less efficiently protected. But here, as in all 
