March 6, 1895. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
209 
light, otherwise the distance from the root might militate against the 
sturdy growth of the plants. All we can say is that Tuberoses succeed 
well when planted out under favourable conditions. If you transfer 
the plants to the border the pots must stand in the house for some 
days previously, as it would not be wise to remove them direct from the 
hotbed to the soil. 
Heatlngr Rangre of Houses (A Devonshire Subscriber ').—To 
heat your houses satisfactorily will require a boiler capable of heating 
1500 feet of 4-inch pipes, it being always desirable to have toe much 
rather than too little heating power, as when hard firing has to be 
resorted to there is a great waste of fuel. Four-inch pipes are best for 
all the structures. The conneeting pipes need not necessarily be of the 
same size as those within the houses, but they ought not to be less than 
2 inches. We prefer, however, to use 4-inch fiow and return service pipes 
directly to the boiler, and branch to the different houses therefrom. 
When the structures are detached the pipes between the boiler and 
house should be eovered with non-conducting material to prevent waste 
of heat. To maintain a temperature of 80° in the first compartment 
eight rows of 4-inch pipes would be required ; in the second compart¬ 
ment, to maintain a temperature of 70° six rows would be needed, or 
four and four return pipes for the first, and three flows and three return 
pipes for the second, and to maintain a temperature of 60° in the other 
two compartments three rows or two flows and one return pipe would 
be necessary. To heat the conservatory the pipes should be doubled, as 
we presume they are in an open trench with iron grating over them in 
the pathway, but if exposed or above ground two flows and one return 
all round would give the heat desired. We have calculated for the 
houses to be heated to the temperatures named in the severest weather 
without having to drive the boiler or furnace unduly, but if you only 
require the first compartment as a stove then six rows of pipes will give 
you suffieient heat. If the second is to be an intermediate house four 
rows of pipes would do, and a flow and return would answer for the 
other if they are required to be kept at ordinary greenhouse tempera¬ 
ture, and a flow and return around the conservatory would be sufficient 
to exclude frost, but it is always best to have too much rather than too 
little piping, as heat radiated at a moderate is better for the plants than 
when given off at a high temperature, besides being more economical. 
We have used IJ-ineh pipes for connection between the boiler and 
houses satisfactorily, but they are apt to get choked with sediment, 
and when hard water is used “ fur ” up. When the boiler is kept free 
of sediment and the pipes duly flushed, the water used being soft, there 
is no objection to the employment of small pipes, but we do not advise 
less than 2-inch. The boilers have sockets according to their size, and 
rarely more than 4-inch, oftener being 3 inches than over, but that is 
immaterial, only for a powerful boiler the water should have free access 
to and out of it, and for the smallest boiler a 2-inch socket should be the 
minimum. Diminishing sockets on the pipes, or enlarging ones will be 
necessary of course to meet those of the boiler. A rise of 6 feet is not 
too much, as in your case the houses are on different levels, and will add 
to rather than interfere with the circulation. Ordinarily a rise in the 
pipes sufficient to prevent air lodging or cause it to rise to the highest 
point of each compartment where it can be got rid of by an air tap or 
air pipe is all that is required, or a rise of about half an inch in a 9 feet 
len^h of pipe. When houses are on different levels, indeed in all 
cases, it is well to have valves on both the flow and return pipe of each 
house. 
xrames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
—(A. A., Co. Down). — Hebeclinium ianthinum, also known as 
Eupatorium. (W. W). —1, Ficus minima; 2, Asplenium cicutarium. 
( W. S .).—The flower sent represents a distinct variety of Dendrobium 
nobile, the long-parted lip being suggestive of D. Falconeri. The posi¬ 
tion of the lip is also different from that in most varieties of D. nobile, 
and the flower is larger. 
COVENT GAKDEN MARKET.—MARCH 5th. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
s. 
a. 
Apples, i sieve. 
'A 
0 
to 6 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Canada, per barrel 18 
0 
25 
0 
Red Currants, per ^ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries, ^ sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Black ,, „ 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries, per basket 
0 
9 
1 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
a. 
B. 
a. 
S. 
a. 
s. 
a. 
Artichokes, dozen .. ,, 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Asparagus, bundle 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
s 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. ,. 
1 
0 
2 
9 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsley, aozeu buuclieg 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen . • .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen ,. ,. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100,, 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch •. ,. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen,. ,, 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsify, bundle .. ., 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Scorzonera, bundle .. ,, 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts, dor. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, dor. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. ,. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Herbs, bunch .. •. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT FLO'WEES. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
R. 
a. 
S. 
a. 
Acacia or Mimosa, Prench, 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
to 8 
G 
per bunch 
0 
8 
to X 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
„ „ per basket 
3 
6 
7 
6 
bunches . 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Azalea, dozen sprays .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Fr., large bnch 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Narcissus, French, 12 
Camellias, dozen blooms 
1 
0 
4 
0 
bunches . 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6- 
Christmas Roses, 12 blnis. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
PrimuIa(double)12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 
& 
bunches . 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (single) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0- 
Daffodils, dozen blooms.. 
0 
4 
1 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Deutzia, per bunch 
0 
6 
0 
9 
„ Red, 1^ blooms .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
EpiphyUums, doz. blooms 
0 
6 
0 
9 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
3 
O' 
Eucharis, dozen .. ., 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„ Yellow. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
„ French, per bunch 
1 
6 
5 
G 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
Spiriea, dozen bunches .. 
6 
0 
9 
G 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 
0 
0 
0 
G 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
G 
Lilium, various, 12 blms. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Violets, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
G 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
„ French, per bunch 
1 
0 
2 
G 
blooms. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ Parme, per hunch 
3 
0 
4 
G 
Lily of the VaUey, aozen 
VTiite Lilac, French, per 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
bunch . 
4 
0 
6 
» 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
B. 
a. 
Aralia Siebolili,‘<lozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Foliage plants, -car., each 
2 
OtolO 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
i-j 
G 
Arbor Vitee (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
t4 
0 
Hyacinths, 12 pots .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Azalea, various, per dozen 18 
0 
30 
0 
Lfly of the Valley, 12 pots 
18 
0 
39 
0 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
G 
Cyclamen, per dozen 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Daffodils, 12 pots .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Musk, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
G 
Deutzia, 12 pots ., .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
G 
Dracsena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
6 
tl 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Primula (single), per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
G 
Epiphyllum, per dozen ., 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen ., 
0 
0 
0 
G 
Erica, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Roses (Fairy), per dozen 1) 
0 
12 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Saxifraga pyramidalis, 
Evergreens, in var., do en 
6 
0 
24 
0 
per dozen . 
0 
0 
0 
G 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 
13 
0 
Solannms, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Tulii-s, 1:; pots. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
DAIRY COWS. 
There is much in the various statements published about 
dairy farming that is calculated to puzzle and mislead an inquirer,, 
who, seeing the sum total paid annually for importations of dairy 
produce, feels tempted to see if he cannot turn a few units of all 
those millions into his own pockets. If, like a prudent man, he 
first of all endeavours to count the cost of keeping a cow, and te 
ascertain what amount of profit is possible upon outlay, he finds 
that the prices of cows range from £18 up to £28, and Professor 
Long tells him that the annual cost of “ amateur ” cow-keeping is 
quite equal per head to the higher price quoted as its value ; and 
if upon further inquiry he meets with the statement that the 
average annual value of the milk of a cow is £20, he will 
probably decide to refrain from interference with such an apparent 
anomaly. 
No doubt many an amateur keeps his cows at an extravagant out¬ 
lay which is mostly unnecessary, and the mean annual cost of cow¬ 
keeping may be placed at £13 per head, inclusive of all payments 
and burdens upon the land. This amount may be taken as a 
maximum sum which it is in the power of a shrewd practical work¬ 
ing firmer to reduce by at least a third ; and if his cows have been 
selected or bred with care, the milk yield, and consequently the- 
profits, will be considerably above the average. In proof of this 
we may take the annual report of the milk yields of the Luke of 
Westminster’s herds, and we find that the average yield per head 
last year of one herd of forty-one cows is 580 gallons, and of 
another of forty-two cows is G48 gallons. To show how wide is 
the range of yield, we find in the first herd a cow which gave only 
213 gallons, while the highest yield is 1150 gallons, or a difference- 
of 837 gallons in the yield for the year of two cows in the same- 
herd. In the other herd there is even a greater disparity, for the 
