222 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
r March 13, 18! •. 
ments of the majority of the Ferns. Any time within the next six 
weeks or so will be suitable for lifting and transplanting Ferns. In 
planting make the soil firm about the roots, and then give sufficient 
water to settle it down. A knowledge of the characters of the 
British Ferns will greatly assist in their proper disposition when 
planting. After the Ferns are planted sufficient Ground Ivy and 
Periwinkles should be set to cover the bare roots and stones after 
the Fern fronds have died down during the winter and early spring 
months. 
Old bare-stemmed trees, which are situate within view of fre¬ 
quented walks and drives, instead of being cut down may be ren¬ 
dered objects of beauty by clothing them with healthy flowering 
shoots of Evergreen Honeysuckle, Virginian Creepers, and blue and 
white Clematis, depending therefrom in wild profusion. 
Tripods consisting of young trees thinned out of plantations of 
Fir with the branches cut off at irregular distances of 5, 7 to 
15 inches from the main stem, fixed here and there in isolated 
patches of greensward, may be covered with such Koses as the 
white and yellow Banksian, Donna Maria, pure white ; Felicite 
Perpetue, creamy white ; Banksiaefolia, white and buff ; Princess 
Louise, light pink ; Alice Gray, creamy blush ; and Queen of the 
Belgians, pure white, cupped and double. Thus furnished, with the 
flowering shoots tied quite loosely to the horns of the Fir poles, 
floral objects, lending variety and charm to their surroundings, are 
secured. Masses of the Japanese Rosa rugosa planted near to 
walks and drives are, by reason of its luxuriant and handsome 
foliage and single flowers, which are succeeded annually by a pro¬ 
fusion of large bright reds heps, very effective, as also are similarly 
planted masses of Bramble. Rubus laciniatus is suitable for this 
purpose. Patches of the single and double flowered Furze are also 
telling- Standard Rhododendrons of R. guttatum and other good 
light varieties carpeted with the pink flowered and fragrant Daphne 
Cneorum are strikingly beautiful, the peaty soil in which the 
Rhododendrons delight being equally congenial to the require¬ 
ments of this trailing and free-flowering Daphne. 
In the laying out of pleasure grounds due provision should be 
m.ade for planting numbers of the several beautiful species of coni- 
f erous ornamental trees and shrubs, including a large per-centum of 
flowering varieties, both as specimens and groups. A few plants 
of the Florida Allspice (Calycanthus floridus), Chimonanthus 
fragrans. Lilac, Philadelphus (commonly called “Mock Orange” 
and Syringa), Skimmia japonica. Sweet Briar, together with Wall¬ 
flowers and Violets, should be freely planted. Masses of Snow¬ 
drops, Primroses, Daffodils, Blue Bells, and Forget-me-nots, should 
also be planted freely within sight of shrubbery walks and carriage 
drives. Take advantage of rivers running through the ornamental 
grounds and park to plant on its banks standard trees of Weeping 
Birch (Betula pendula). Laburnum, Willows (Salix babylonica 
and S. pendula). Mountain Ash, and Golden Elder (Sambucus nigra 
aurea). In planting see that the trees do not in any way interfere 
with the view of objects of interest from any particular stand¬ 
point. Work such as referred to in the foregoing general remarks 
may be done at any time (weather permitting) between October 
and April, but the sooner it is done before the latter date the better 
it will be for those transplanted.—H. W. W^vrd, Longford Castle, 
Salisbury. 
NOTES ON FRUIT TREES—APPLES. 
Q Continued from iMge 195.') 
Of dessert Apples many, though of the highest excellence, are 
too small for appreciation by the general public, and though some 
are useful for culinary as well as dessert use, they are not valued 
in the kitchen, through the skin and core being in relative excess 
of the flesh in the small fruit as compared with the medium or 
larger sized fruit. This necessitates keeping two descriptions of 
fruit—viz., one for dessert and the other for culinary use, which in 
moderate establishments is more or less inconvenient, and with the 
general public still more so, as means are not available for investing 
in both, yet an Apple is liked uncooked as well as cooked. There¬ 
fore advantage is gained by having varieties possessing both 
properties. 
Dessert Varieties. 
Early.—h'lAx Peach ; medium, yellowish green, tinged reddish 
brown, brighter on sun side, beautiful, flesh tender, free bearer. 
August and September. Kerry Pippin ; rather small, greenish 
yellow tinged and streaked red, bright crimson on sun side, flesh 
firm, agood bearer. September and October. Duchess of Oldenburg; 
large or medium, greenish yellow, streaked, good bearer. September. 
Midseason.—Golden Winter Pearmain or King of the Pippins ; 
medium, golden yellow, streaked and mottled crimson, very hand¬ 
some, flesh firm, free bearer, and certainer than most. October to 
December. Cox’s Orange Pippin ; medium, greenish yeUow, dark 
red on sun side, handsome, flesh tender, free bearer. October to 
January. Cockle’s Pippin, medium ; greenish yellow becoming 
brighter when mature, dotted grey, and somewhat russety flesh, 
firm, moderate cropper but certain. December to February. 
Fearn’s Pippin ; medium, but often small, greenish yellow, bright 
dark crimson on sun side, pale streaked on shaded side, very pretty, 
flesh firm, good cropper. November to February. Golden Reinette ; 
medium, deep yellow, tinged on sun side with red, very handsome, 
flesh firm, good bearer, but requires a well drained soil and warm 
situation. November to February. Claygate Pearmain ; medium, 
greenish yellow, striped red on sun side, slightly russety, flesh firm, 
free bearer. November to February. Adams’ Pearmain ; large or 
medium, greenish yellow, tinged red on sun side, slightly russeted, 
handsome, good bearer. December and January. Margil; medium 
or slightly below, orange, streaked red, russety, flesh firm, good bearer, 
but not a free grower, and requires a well drained soil and sheltered 
situation. November to February. Mabbott’s Pearmain ; medium, 
orange yellow, streaked red, handsome, flesh rather tender, good 
bearer. November to February. 
Of early autumn varieties, American Mother, medium or above, 
golden yellow, patched and streaked crimson, russety, handsome, 
flesh tender, moderate bearer, October and November, and Melon 
Apple, large or medium, orange yelloAV, streaked crimson, handsome, 
flesh tender, December and January, are American varieties of the- 
first order, which do not succeed on strong loam over clay, but- 
require a silicious loam over sand, or a loam medium or clayey 
interspersed with calcareous gravel, on sand or gravel, and given 
shelter they are fine. 
Late —Boston Russet ; medium, brownish yellow russet inter¬ 
mixed with green, flesh moderately firm, good bearer, but not a 
good grower, and though an American variety attains perfection in 
most soils and situations. January to April. Court Pendft Plat ; 
medium, yelloiv, deep crimson on sun side, handsome, flesh firm, 
good bearer but not a strong grower. January to May. Stamford 
Pippin ; medium, greenish yellow, tinged orange on sun side, good 
bearer, flesh firm but not hard, having a crisp tenderness when ripe. 
December to March. Golden Russet ; medium, brown yellowisk 
russet, and in good examples brown red on sun side, flesh firm but 
melting, good bearer. December to April. In silicious loams of 
good depth with sand or gravel under, this variety does well, but in 
cold heavy soils it does indifferently. In some years I have known 
the fruit bring 5s. per peck. All russety Apples require care in 
keeping ; if exposed to light and dryness they shrivel, requiring to 
be kept cool yet safe from frost, dark and dampish, then the fruit 
comes out quite plump, and remarkably bright in colour, with a 
juiciness not found in those kept otherwise. Rhode Island Green¬ 
ing ; large or medium, pale green, flesh rather firm but melting,, 
good bearer. November to April. This is another of the American 
Apples, and good alike for eating or cooking, but it does not suc¬ 
ceed in cold heavy soils and exposed situations. In good soils and 
sheltered positions it is first rate both in cropping and using. Allen’s- 
Everlasting; medium, crimson on sun side, pale on shaded, flesh 
firm, but tender in matured examples. March to May. Scarlet 
Nonpareil; medium, handsome, good bearer, January to March. 
I have omitted Ribston Pippin and Lord Burghley, as they are too 
subject to canker for general culture, and many others are omitted 
on account of their small fruit. Of those named for dessert 
purposes some have great value for cooking, and as such are calcu¬ 
lated to meet general acceptance. Such are Duchess of Olden¬ 
burg, King of the Pippins, Fearn’s Pippin, Adams’ Pearmain,. 
Stamford Pippin, Rhode Island Greening, and Allen’s Everlasting. 
Passing on to culinary varieties, we find little to be wished 
for, indeed, in their respect, we come quite up to the American 
standard in size. 
Kitchen Varieties. 
Early. —Keswick Codlin ; large or medium, pale yellow, brighter 
and deeper on one side with a faint blush, flesh soft, free bearer,, 
may be used when large enough, best in August and September. 
Royal Codlin ; large, greenish yellow, flushed red, handsome, flesh 
tender, good bearer. September and October. Cellini; large or 
medium, greenish yellow, red streaked and mottled, showy and 
handsome, flesh tender, capital bearer. October and November. 
Lord Grosvenor, large, greenish or pale yellow, very fine, flesh 
tender, free bearer. September and October. Lord Suffield, large,, 
pale yellow, very fine, flesh soft, early and great cropper. August 
to October. Potts’ Seedling; large, greenish yellow, flesh soft,, 
early and great bearer. September and October. Ecklinville Seed¬ 
ling ; large, greenish yellow, handsome, flesh soft, good bearer. 
October and November. Stirling Castle ; large or medium, greenish 
yellow, flesh soft, early and very free cropper. September and 
October. 
Midseason. —Alfriston ; large, greenish yellow, tinged orange on 
sun side, somewhat russeted, flesh firm, moderate bearer. November 
