April s, im J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
285 
lanurn, insigne, and varieties ; Leeanum, Leeanum superbum, Schlimii, 
venustum, villosum, &c. 
Of OxciDiUMS, dasystyle, Forbesi, ineurvum, macrantbum, Mar- 
ehallianum, ornithorhynchum, tigrinum, varicosum, and Rogersi. 
Cattle rAS, citrina, crispa, Lawrenciana, labiata, Gaskelliana, 
Mendeli, Mossiae, Skinneri, Trianse, and its pretty varieties. 
L.elias, albida, anceps, autumnalis, and varieties ; Dayana pur- 
purata and varieties. 
Epidexdrums atropurpureum, fragrans, vitellinum majus. 
Dendrobiums, Ainswortbi, crassinode, Devonianum, aureum,nobile, 
Pierardi, tbyrsiflorum, and Wardianum. 
Ada aurantiaea. 
Adqdloa ebumea, Clowesi. 
Ccelogyne eristata and its varieties. 
Cymbididm ebumeum, Lowianum, Mastersi. 
Lycaste Skinneri and its numerous varieties ; aromatica, citrina, 
plena. 
Masdevallia amabilis, Cbelsoni, Cbimsera, Harryana and varieties; 
ignea, Lindeni, and Veitcbiana. 
Pleione bumilis, Lagenaria, maculata, and Wallicbiana. 
SOPHRONITIS grandiflora. 
Some of tbe above species are not generally given as cool bouse 
Orchids, but in tbe temperature recommended above I bave found them 
grow and flower satisfactorily. I bave also omitted many of tbe beau¬ 
tiful named varieties of different species, but with them it is only tbe 
<lue8tion about tbeir price wbicb keeps them from becoming popular. 
(To be continued.) 
HORTICITLTURAL BUILDINGS AND HEATING 
APPARATUS. 
t A paper real by Mr. Henry Hope, horticnltural builder, at a meeting of Birmingham 
Gardeners' Association.] 
(^Continued from page 2oT.') 
Some very good examples of wbat I consider useful, as welt as 
■ornamental, conservatories are tbe following. To commence with an 
oxceptionally large one, tbe conservatory at Enville Hall, Staffordshire, 
tbe seat of Lord Stamford, is a splendid example of a modern winter 
garden, and is certainly one of tbe finest in England. It is constructed 
of timber and iron, a very striking feature in the design being tbe glass 
cupolas in tbe roof, which bave been used for placing large Azaleas in 
with a very good effect. The conservatory at Chatsworth, Derbyshire, 
is remarkable more for its size than for its beauty. A very architectural 
conservatory, and one of tbe most beautiful that has ever come under 
my notice, having a large amount of stone and marble in its construc¬ 
tion, is the one at Witley Court, the seat of Lord Dudley. This also has 
a roof constructed entirely of iron and glass. To come nearer home, I 
consider the conservatory at The Dales, Edgbaston, designed by the 
same architect as the last two I have mentioned, is one of the best 
examples of an architectural conservatory in the midlands, and I think 
it would be hard to find a glass building with such good features in its 
design, and at the same time to admit such a large amount of light. 
The conservatory at Highbury, the residence of the Right Hon. Joseph 
Chamberlain, M.P., is one of the best examples I know of—a Gothic 
conservatory of wood construction—and in my opinion Jboth for appear¬ 
ance and utility this form of conservatory is the most satisfactory ; but 
■of course the design of the dwelling house to which it is attached always 
•dictates to a large extent the type of any glass building you wish to 
attach ; and there is no doubt that if the architect in designing will 
consult the wishes of the gardener there is no reason why a conservatory 
in any position and under circumstances should not be built for appear¬ 
ance, utility, and unqualified success. 
Of fruit growing houses there are a great variety, and for each sort 
a different form of house under different conditions will do equally well. 
To commence with vineries, these can either be span-roofed, three¬ 
-quarter span-roofed, or lean-to, or curvilinear ; better span-roofed or 
lean-to. The first thing to decide upon in the erection of a vinery, 
and indeed any form of house for fruit, is the site. Now if a wall is 
available for building against, this wall should run east and west, and 
the vinery should be placed on the side of it facing the south. If it is 
a plain lean-to it is obvious that during that part of the year that the 
■sun rises north of the east and sets north of the west the vinery 
would, of course, lose part of both early morning and late afternoon 
sun. To do away with this objection a three-quarter span house should 
■be erected, and I think I can safely say that this form of vinery in this 
position will give the best results. 
Construction. 
With regard to the construction, wood is now most generally used, 
metallic houses having lost their popularity to a great extent. There 
has been a great deal said with reference to the merits of iron versus 
wood houses. Metallic houses are said to very cold, although mimitting 
a large amount of light, and they are said to expand and contract to 
such a degree as to break the glass. Wood houses have none of these 
objections, but they cannot be made so lightly as to the timber of the 
rafters, sash bars, Ac., as metallic ones. In my opinion, for fruit growing 
purposes especially, a properly constructed metallic house is as con¬ 
ducive to good results as a wooden one, but it must be constructed in 
the very best manner in framing, and sashes with light copper sash 
bars, and providing that the heating apparatus is perfect the only real 
objection of these I have named—viz., that of cold, is non-existent. 
Any breakage of glass from expansion and contraction is simply a 
prima facie proof that the house is wrongly constructed, and I may 
say that a badly constructed metallic house is the worst form of house 
possible, and the existence in many gardens of houses of the type has 
tended to a great degree to condemn metallic houses as a class. To sum 
up, I consider in the following points wooden houses are excelled by 
metallic ones. Kept properly painted their wear is everlasting, while 
wooden ones are always liable to rot. They admit 25 per cent, more 
light, and have a cleaner and neater appearance. To support these 
arguments I believe I am right in naming the following metallic vineries, 
and which I believe answer their purpose admirably. The houses at 
Frogmore and Osborne, the vineries at Arundel, the seat of the Duke 
of Norfolk; those at Impney Manor, Droitwich ; Penrhyn Castle, 
Bangor ; Elvaston Castle, Derbyshire ; Drayton Manor, near Tamworth ; 
Hemel Grange, near Bromgrove ; and Barford Hall, Warwickshire, the 
late Miss Rylands’. Of course I am perfectly aware that many more 
examples of wooden vineries bearing quite as good results could be 
given, and there is no doubt that equally good Grapes can be grown in 
either sort of house by gardeners who understand and take an interest 
in their work. 
For early work the pitch should be steeper than for late Vines. 
Curvilinear houses are no better than ordinary roofs for growing pur¬ 
poses, and the choice between the two is only a matter of taste for the 
appearance. The interior fittings are very simple, and really only con¬ 
sist of the wiring, which should be strong and placed at about an 
average of 18 inches from the glass. For growing on the lateral system 
the wires should be strained horizontally on iron bearers, and for the 
spur system should be strained up each rafter. 
The ventilation should be by opening front lights when there are 
any, and in the roof by a light hinged at the apex, or in houses where 
there are no front lights ventilation through the wall is desirable. The 
pipes should be placed about 2 feet 6 inches from the front wall, so as 
not to be too close to the Vines. 
The houses just described as suitable for Vines will, with appropriate 
interior fittings, do equally well for Peaches. I think the most ap¬ 
proved form of wiring for Peaches is by a table trellis about 6 feet wide 
in the front of the house, and upright wiring for growing on the back 
wall. Peaches can be grown very well indeed without heat under wall 
covers, and of these structures a great variety are made, and from their 
extreme simplicity and comparatively inexpensive nature they are, in a 
good situation, a very profitable form of horticultural building. I have 
heard one gardener say that in a house 100 feet long he had grown 
enough fruit in three seasons to pay for the cost of the structure, and 
this without any artificial heat. 
A very useful form of tree cover is about 4 to 6 feet wide, with 
upright fronts to the height of about 7 or 8 feet, according to the back 
wall, and the roof to be made entirely of opening lights hinged at the 
back wall to open by machinery in long lengths so as to give ample 
ventilation. The front should also be made in lights, so that they can 
be taken off easily to give thorough exposure to the trees after the crop 
of fruit has been gathered. A cheaper form of wall cover is by a lean-to 
structure, the glass running in one plane from the top of the back wall 
on to a dwarf front wall, with roof lights at the top to open as pre¬ 
viously described. Others are made with a cant— i.e., the same as 
the first one I described, only having the front sloping slightly towards 
the back wall instead of being vertical. All I think answer their 
purpose equally well, and the adoption of any one is only a matter 
of choice. While discussing wall covers, I will refer to the question of 
mechanical glazing without putty, as I think it has been applied to 
this class of horticultural structure more than any other, chiefly on 
account of their simplicity, and the large quantity of straight bars and 
glass of one size in their construction. 
