April IT, 1801. J 
JOURXAL OF HOnTTCULTURE AXD COTTAGE GAREEXER. 
831 
which they impart somewhat of a Cucumber flavour. We note what you 
say on the other matter and have not the slightest desire to induce you 
to move in it. We are pleased to give what information we can on 
gardening subjects. 
Eucbarises Scorched (//. IF. <7.).—You are doing right by 
affording light shade from bright sun to prevent the scorching of the 
foliage. Some plants are more liable to injury than others by the sun. 
This depends on the condition of the plants, their rooting power, the 
support afforded, and the texture of the leaves ; also the position occu¬ 
pied, and on the quality of the glass. We cannot say whether you wmuld 
have done better by admitting more air and thus keeping down the 
temperature, because we have no idea of the temperature that has been 
maintained and the method of ventilation adopted. We know it is 
erroneous practice to permit a house to get excessively hot and then 
throw open the ventilators for bringing down the heat with a rush. 
That is conducive to scorching. You cannot do better than allow the 
plants to have as much sun as they appear to enjoy and not afford need¬ 
lessly dense shade. Thousands of plants grow and flower w’cll under 
constant light shade such as those to which you refer at Chilwell, and 
you are right in your supposition that those in charge of Mr. Pettigrew 
at Cardiff have more sun, but he would not allow the foliage to be 
scorched by refusing to afford shade when it would be beneficial to the 
plants. If you produce thick deep green leaves on plants which crowd 
their pots with roots you need have no fear of their not flowering. 
Tuberous Begronlas {J. IF. S .').—Thousands of Begonia plants 
raised from seed sown a month or two ago we expect to see flowering 
beautifully this season, both in pots and planted out in flower beds. 
You are either not an expert cultivator or have not the requisite con¬ 
veniences for growing the plants. Grown well, under suitable con¬ 
ditions, the plants cannot help flowering the first season. Stout short- 
jointed cuttings, neither too soft nor too firm, strike readily in a mix¬ 
ture of sand and leaf soil or cocoanut fibre refuse, with the pots 
plunged in a gentle hotbed of 80° or 8.5°, in a frame or other suitable 
place having a temperature of 60° or 65°, not overwatering, yet affording 
adequate moisture. Daily sprinklings are fatal to success if the soil is 
dry below. Cuttings strike freely in the summer inserted in light soil 
under handlights in a shaded position in the garden, indeed many are 
struck without the aid of glass. If correspondents who fail in anything 
were to briefly describe their procedure and cultural conveniences we 
could probably indicate the cause of failure. The less the plants are 
shaded the better, a little tiffany usually sufficing. In some houses 
they grow fairly well under light permanent shade, such as that from 
summer cloud. The most luxuriant and floriferous plants in open-air 
beds are not artificially shaded, but have abundance of roots working 
freely in rich moist soil. The more plants of various kinds are shaded 
the more shade they need, and many are weakened accordingly. 
Diseased Damson Trees (./. i7.).—We are unable to detect any 
insect, but the epidermis has been punctured by some insect or shot. 
The cause of the exudation is a fungus, named by Professor Oudemans 
Coryneum Beijerincki, the mycelium of which developes a ferment, 
penetrating the cells, whereby tissue is formed with new properties. 
The serous matter in contact with the air is attacked according to 
Pasteur by a new series of organisms—aiirobes, and these by others 
in succession, until the ultimate products are oxidised—the carbon, 
hydrogen, and nitrogen of the organic matter being transformed by the 
oxygen of the air into the inorganic elements. These dried or oxidised 
particles are gum ; the white matter deposited around the edges of the 
wound is composed of carbonates of potash and lime, with a trace of 
magnesia. The disease is known as gumming, and particularly attacks 
species or varieties of the genus Prunus. The fungus is the exciting 
cause. There must be laceration or openings by which the germ tubes 
enter, and these may be effected by insects, which may also carry the 
spores. The best remedy is stamping out—the removal and burning of the 
infected parts, and the removal from the neighbourhood of Sloe bushes 
and wild Cherries. The common Laurel is also infected with this same 
fungus. Over-luxuriance in the trees has a tendency to induce the 
disease, but it may be aggravated by its opposite, viz., a deficiency of 
support, whereby the sap becomes morbid and the morbid matter is 
ejected by agency of the ferment. Perhaps this lack of energy is due to 
a deficiency of phosphorus or phosphoric acid. In this case super¬ 
phosphate of lime is decidedly beneficial. Lifting and root-pruning are 
well-known means of preventing gumming when it proceeds from over¬ 
luxuriance, and applying phosphatic in place of nitrogenous manures. 
Paradoxical as it may seem, lifting and replanting is also the best remedy 
when the trees are weakly and infected with gum, because the fresh 
compost given causes an increase of the roots, thereby affording the 
trees more and better food. In this latter case, whilst there is an 
increase of nitrogenous matter, if decayed fibre is used, or manure, the 
change will only be temporary unless lime is applied, preferably in the 
shape of superphosphate, so as to be at once available, and there must be 
a corresponding addition of potash ; 3 to 5 cwt. of superphosphate with 
half the quantity of muriate of potash per acre would go a long way 
towards ridding fruit trees of gum and canker. When the surface soil 
is deprived of what fruit trees need, including moisture, the roots 
descend into the subsoil, and as they cannot find the requisites of 
health there disease ensues and finds expression in the form of gum 
and canker. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it beinsr often difficult to separate them when the paper is damn. 
{J. P. A'.).—The flowers were scarcely recognisable, as, besides being old,, 
they were loosely packed and were consequently much bruised in 
transit. Perhaps it is a small example of Dendrobium barbatulura. 
(.S'. IP). —1, Azalea linearis. 2, Acacia Drummondi. 3, Narcissus 
cyclamineus. (IF. 7'.).—1, Oncidium concolor. 2, Lmlia cinnabarina. 
3, (’attleya Trianm. 4, OJontoglossum Rossi. (.17. il/.).—1, Adiantum 
Williams!. 2, Aspleniumcicutarium. (ll'iH. IP). —1, Cytisus purpureus. 
2, Calceolaria violacea. 3, Polypodium pectinatum. (_TIilU). —Yes, it 
is Allium neapolitanum, and is sent into Covent Garden Market in large 
quantities. (A. E .).—It seems to be an ordinary form of Lilium 
candidum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—APRIL 16th. 
A SLIGHT improvement in business this week and oil goods have been more readily 
cleared, but not tUl prices have tempted buyers. 
FItUIT. 
8. 
d. 
R. 
d. 
6. 
fi. 
R. 
d: 
Apples, j sieve. 
2 
0 
to 6 
0 
Oranges, per 100 •• .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
a 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Camidii, per barrel 18 
0 
25 
0 
Red Currants, per ^ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0- 
Cherries, ^ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Black „ „ 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, New, per lb. 
5 
0 
9 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
6 
O' 
Lemons, case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
3 
0 
G 
u 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
R. 
d. 
R. 
s. 
Artichokes, dozen ., .. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mu.rhrooms, punnet .. 
1 
6 
to 2 
u 
Asparagus, bundle • • 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beaus, Kidney, per lb. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
8 
0 
4 
0- 
Beet, Red, dozen .. ., 
1 
0 
2 
9 
Parsby, doien bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, ^ sieve 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. ,. 
1 
0 
0 
O' 
Cabbage, dozen ., ,, 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
„ New. 
0 
8 
0 
6 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. •, 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
(• 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Salsafy, bundle .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, do*, bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seorzonera, bimdle ., ., 
1 
6 
0 
(V 
Cucumbers, doz. ,. ,, 
2 
0 
8 
6 
Seakale, per bkt. 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Endive, dozen .. .. ,, 
1 
0 
0 
u 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
{y 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
n 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
0 
9- 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
3 
Turnips, bunch • • ., 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS, 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
• 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d; 
Anemone, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
to 4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunches . 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
Azalea, dozen sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0- 
Bouvardias, bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Fr., large bnch 
1 
G 
2 
0 
Camellias, dozen blooms 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Narcissus, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
G 
0- 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Crocuses, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
6 
0 
9 
(^ 
Daffodils, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Primroses, dozen bunches 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Deutzia, per bunch 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ (single) 12 sprays 
0 
G 
1 
0 
Forget-me-not, doz. bnch. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Ranunculus, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen ,. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Hvacinths (Dutch), iu 
,, Red, 12 blooms ., 
2 
0 
4 
o 
boxes.each 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
8 
0- 
Hyacinths (English), doz. 
„ Yellow. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunches . 
3 
0 
G 
0 
Spiraea, dozen bunches .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths (Roman) dozen 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
0^ 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Tulips (Eug.), doz. bnch. 
4 
0 
G 
0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Violets, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lilium, various, 12 blras. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ French, per bunch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ longiflorum,12 bids. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,, Parme, per bunch 
3 
0 
4 
O' 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
Wallflowers, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
a 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
VTiite Lilac, French, per 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
bunch . 
4 
0 
5 
0- 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
R. 
d. 
R. 
d. 
R. 
d. 
R. 
d- 
Arolia Sleboldi, dozen .. 
G 
0 to 12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
1 
Gtc 
7 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
19 
0 
Arbor Vitae (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
14 
0 
Genista, per dozen . • .. 
8 
0 
It 
0- 
Azalea, various, per dozen 
18 
0 
so 
0 
Hyacinths, 12 pots .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Christmas Rose .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 pots 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen 
Cyclamen, per dozen 
G 
0 
10 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0- 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Daffodils, 12 pots .. .. 
e 
0 
9 
0 
Musk, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0- 
Deutzia, 12 pots .. ., 
G 
0 
9 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. ,, 
2 
6 
il 
a 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Primula (single), per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
ft 
Epiphyllum, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Erica, Cavendishi, per pt. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Roses (Fairy), per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
0 
„ various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
„ 12 pots . 
12 
0 
80 
0 
„ ventricosa, per dor. 
15 
0 
24 
0 
Saxifraga pyramidalia, 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
per dozen . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., do en 
G 
0 
24 
0 
Spiraea, 12 pots. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen., 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Tulips, 12 pots. 
G 
0 
9 
0 
Bedding Plants in variety, iu boxes and pots. 
iTamea of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
THOUSAND-HEADED KALE. 
From the present time onwards through May, June, and July 
this most useful crop may be drilled in accordance with the purpose- 
